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642 results for “ornamentation”
PALEODEM/ Iberian mesolithic networks from ornaments' assemblages
<p>This repository contains the scrips implemented and raw data used in the article “Reconstructing social networks on the Iberian Peninsula using ornaments”.</p> <p>Raw data:</p> <ol> <li>Similarity matrices</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Early_Meso.csv: Matrix containing the similarity values between each pair of ornament assemblages ascribed to the Early Mesolithic phase. This matrix is used as input to construct the Early Mesolithic network where the similarity values represent the weight of the links.</li> <li>Late_Meso.csv: Matrix containing the similarity values between each pair of ornament assemblages ascribed to the Late Mesolithic phase. This matrix is used as input to construct the Late Mesolithic network where the similarity values represent the weight of the links.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> 2. IDs for assortativity calculation</p> <ul> <li>Geo_units.csv: This table relates the ID and geographical unit of each assemblage. This is required by the code to calculate the assortativity.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> 3. R Script</p> <ul> <li>Mesolithic_SNA.r: The networks were constructed and analysed using the igraph R package, and the similarity matrices above. The script was used to construct the network, where assemblages represent nodes and the similarity between them represent the weight of the links. The code also plots the networks according to a force-directed layout algorithm (Fruchterman-Reingold) and calculates the values for several global network metrics (density, average degree, average weighted degree and assortativity), and node centrality metrics (degree, weighted degree and betweenness).</li> </ul>
Dataset of Horizon scanning to identify invasion risk of ornamental plants marketed in Spain
<p>Full dataset for the research entitled "Horizon scanning to identify invasion risk of ornamental plants marketed in Spain". We classified non-native species into six different lists based on their invasion status in Spain and elsewhere, their climatic suitability in Spain, and their potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts.</p>
Fig. 1 in A new Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting the ornamental catfish Corydoras schwartzi from the Purus River in Brazil
Fig. 1. Corydoras schwartzi Rössel, 1963 infected by Myxobolus adrianoi sp. nov. A. Sampled fish captured in the Purus River near Lábrea Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. B. Histological sections of the fish intestine showing large cyst in the serosa layer (black arrow).
Marine amphipods as a new live prey for ornamental aquaculture: exploring the potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus
<p>Supplementary data from the scientific paper contribution " Marine amphipods as a new live prey for ornamental aquaculture: exploring the potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus".</p> <p> </p> <p>Marine amphipods are gaining attention in aquaculture as a natural live food alternative to traditional preys such as <em>Artemia</em>, as they are rich in essential nutrients such as the lipids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are an important natural diet of many marine fish of commercial interest, and are relatively easy to culture in large numbers. However, there are no established culture techniques and a deeper knowledge on the reproductive biology, nutritional profiles and culture methodologies is still needed to potentiate the optimization of mass production. The present study assessed for the first time the aquaculture potential of <em>Parhyale hawaiensis</em> and <em>Elasmopus pectenicrus</em>, two cosmopolitan marine gammarids (as per traditional schemes of classification) that naturally proliferate in the wild and in aquaculture facilities. For that purpose, aspects of the population and reproductive biology of wild populations were characterized and then a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to determine the amphipod productivity, the time needed to reach sexual maturity by the newborns (generation time), cannibalism degree, the effects of sex ratio on fecundity and the effects of diet (shrimp diet, plant-based diet and commercial fish diet) on fecundity and the juvenile growth. <em>P. hawaiensis</em>, unlike <em>E. pectenicrus</em>, was easily kept and propagated in laboratory conditions, performing exceedingly better than <em>E. pectenicrus</em>. <em>P. hawaiensis </em>showed a higher total length (9.3 ± 1.3 mm), wet weight (14.4 ± 6.2 mg), dry weight (10.5 ± 4.4 mg), females/males sex ratio in the wild (2.24), fecundity (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female), and gross energy content (16.71 ± 0.67 kJ g-1) with respect to <em>E. pectenicrus</em>. Although the <em>P. hawaiensis</em> juvenile growth was slightly reduced (marginally significant) by the use of a plant-based diet compared to a commercial shrimp and fish diet, fecundity was not affected, supporting the possible use of inexpensive diets to mass produce amphipods as live or frozen food. Possible limitations identified were their quite long generation times (50.9 ± 5.8 days) and relatively low fecundity levels (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female). With an observed productivity rate of 0.36 ± 0.08 juveniles per amphipod couple per day, <em>P. hawaiensis</em> could become a specialty feed for species that cannot easily transition to a formulated diet such as seahorses and other highly-priced marine ornamental species. Future studies should assess the nutritional value and to explore optimized medium- and large-scale production as well as self-producing biofloc systems taking advantage of the great dietary plasticity and environmental tolerance of the species.</p>
Fig. 2 in Cytogenetic analysis of Baryancistrus xanthellus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Ancistrini), an ornamental fish endemic to the Xingu River, Brazil
Fig. 2. Karyotype of Baryancistrus xanthellus in conventional staining. The square indicates the pair that bears the nucleolus organizer region (NOR).
Fig. 3 in Cytogenetic analysis of Baryancistrus xanthellus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Ancistrini), an ornamental fish endemic to the Xingu River, Brazil
Fig. 3. Karyotype of Baryancistrus xanthellus: a) C-banding; b) Mapping of rDNA 18S (red signal) and 5S (green signal) through double FISH.
Comparative data for dance fly eye morphology and female ornamentation
<p class="western">These data were collected as part of a comparative study of the relationship between female ornamentation and sexual dimorphism in eye morphology. Data come from specimens collected in the field in Scotland near Loch Lomond in the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011 as well as the summer of 2012 near Glen Williams in Ontario, Canada. The repository contains raw image files including information on magnifications at which these were taken, excel spreadsheets of morphological measurements taken from these images, a dataset from search of Collin's (<span>1961</span>) key to the Empidinae for reports of sexual dimorphism and exaggerations of male eye morphology, and an Rnotebook file detailing the analytical steps taken.</p>
Data from: Among-individual behavioural variation in the ornamental red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina heteropoda
<p><span>Personality variation, defined as among-individual differences in behaviour that are repeatable across time and context, has been reported across animal taxa. From an evolutionary perspective, characterising the amount and structure of this variation is useful since differences among-individuals are the raw material for adaptive behavioural evolution. However, it is becoming apparent that behavioural variation among-individuals also has implications for more applied areas of evolution and ecology – from invasion biology, to ecotoxicology, and selective breeding in captive systems. Here, we investigate the structure of personality variation in the red cherry shrimp, <em>Neocaridina heteropoda</em>, a popular ornamental species that is readily kept and bred under lab conditions and is emerging as a decapod crustacean model across these fields, but for which basic biological, ecological, and behavioural data is limited. Using two assays and a repeated measures approach, we quantify behaviours putatively indicative of shy-bold variation and test for sexual dimorphism and/or size-dependent behaviours (as predicted by some state-dependent models of personality). We find moderate to high behavioural repeatabilities across traits. Although strong individual level correlations across behaviours are consistent with a major personality axis underlying these observed traits, the multivariate structure of personality variation does not fully match a priori expectations of a shy-bold axis. This may reflect our ecological naivety with respect to what really constitutes bolder, more risk prone, behaviour in this species. We find no evidence for sexual dimorphism and only weak support size-dependent behaviour. Our study contributes to the growing literature describing behavioural variation in aquatic invertebrates. Furthermore, it lays a foundation for further studies harnessing the potential of this emerging model system. In particular, this existing behavioural variation could be functionally linked to life-history traits and invasive success, and serve as target of artificial selection or bioassays. It thus holds significant promise in applied research across ecotoxicology, aquaculture, and invasion biology.</span></p>
Figs 1, 2. M in Melting the iceberg: A new Megaselia Rondani species (Diptera: Phoridae) from Mali with the most striking wing ornament
Figs 1, 2. M. guentermuelleri sp. n., frontal setation (1) and left side of hypopygium (2). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Figs 3–6 in Melting the iceberg: A new Megaselia Rondani species (Diptera: Phoridae) from Mali with the most striking wing ornament
Figs 3–6. Middle (3) and hind (4) tibiae, hind femur (5) and wing (6) of M. guentermuelleri sp. n. Photographs maY not reflect true colours observed in specimens; bristles oF the tb3 apical comb are enhanced. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 1 in Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting different tissues of an ornamental fish, Opsaridium ubangiensis (Pellegrin, 1901), in Cameroon: morphological and molecular characterization
Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. infecting skin, muscle and spleen of Opsaridium ubangiensis (Pellegrin, 1901). A. Fresh myxospores in frontal view. B. Fresh myxospore in lateral view. C. Giemsa-stained myxospores. D. Diagrammatic drawing of a mature myxospore.
Fig. 2 in Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting different tissues of an ornamental fish, Opsaridium ubangiensis (Pellegrin, 1901), in Cameroon: morphological and molecular characterization
Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of plasmodia of Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. developing on Opsaridium ubangiensis (Pellegrin, 1901). A. Plasmodium development on the skin. B. Histological section stained with hematoxylin and eosin showing plasmodium situated in the dermis. C. Plasmodium developing within muscle fibers (hematoxylin and eosin). D. Higher magnification of a plasmodium from the muscle fibers.
Fig. 3. A–C in Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting different tissues of an ornamental fish, Opsaridium ubangiensis (Pellegrin, 1901), in Cameroon: morphological and molecular characterization
Fig. 3. A–C. Photomicrographs of plasmodia of Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. affecting a spleen of Opsaridium ubangiensis (Pellegrin, 1901). A. Spleen harbouring large plasmodia. B. Whitish plasmodia isolated from each other (black arrows) or arranged in grape-like clusters (white arrow). C. Spleen completely filled with plasmodia. – D–G. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin of spleens of O. ubangiensis infected with plasmodia of M. opsaridiumi sp. nov. D. Plasmodia implanted on the external region of the spleen. E. Asynchronous development of plasmodia within the spleen. F. Mechanical compression of the cells adjacent to the cysts. G. Higher magnification of plasmodia showing each surrounded by a wall and full of myxospores. Abbreviation: P = plasmodium.
Fig. 4 in Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting different tissues of an ornamental fish, Opsaridium ubangiensis (Pellegrin, 1901), in Cameroon: morphological and molecular characterization
Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the SSU rDNA sequences showing the position of Myxobolus opsaridiumi sp. nov. (in bold) and related species. Accession numbers and infected tissues are listed adjacent to the species names. Numbers at the nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap percentages. Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchrist, 1924) was used as the outgroup.
The evolutionary history and mechanistic basis of female ornamentation in a tropical songbird
<p>Ornamentation, such as the showy plumage of birds, is widespread among female vertebrates, yet the evolutionary pressures shaping female ornamentation remain uncertain. In part this is due to a poor understanding of the mechanistic route to ornamentation in females. To address this issue, we evaluated the evolutionary history of ornament expression in a tropical passerine bird, the White-shouldered Fairywren, whose females, but not males, strongly vary between populations in occurrence of ornamented black-and-white plumage. We first use phylogenomic analysis to demonstrate that female ornamentation is derived and that female ornamentation evolves independently of changes in male plumage. We then use exogenous testosterone in a field experiment to induce partial ornamentation in naturally unornamented females. By sequencing the transcriptome of experimentally induced ornamented and natural feathers, we identify genes expressed during ornament production and evaluate the degree to which female ornamentation in this system is associated with elevated testosterone, as is common in males. We reveal that some ornamentation in females is linked to testosterone and that sexes differ in ornament-linked gene expression. Lastly, using genomic-outlier analysis we identify a candidate melanogenesis gene that lies in a region of high genomic divergence among populations that is also differentially expressed in feather follicles of different female plumages. Taken together, these findings are consistent with sex-specific selection favoring the evolution of female ornaments and demonstrate a key role for testosterone in generating population divergence in female ornamentation through gene regulation. More broadly, our work highlights similarities and differences in how ornamentation evolves in the sexes.</p>
Fig. 1 in Embryonic development of the ornamental shrimp, Urocaridella arabianensis Akash et al., 2020
Fig. 1 — Embryonic development of U. arabianensis: (a) Brooder animals; (b) Stage I - Fertilized eggs; (c) Stage II - Cleavage (Cv); (d) Stage III - Blastula; (e) Stage IV - Gastrula, Tp - Translucid area; (f) Stage V - Nauplius; (g) Stage VI - Post-Nauplius I; (h) Stage VII - Post-Nauplius II; (i) Stage VIII - Pre-hatching; and (j) Stage IX - Newly hatched larva (Zoea I). Scale bar: 0.5 mm
Figure 3 in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and their Effects on Ornamental Plants: A Review
Figure 3: Hot water dipping tank (A) and the interior of the tank (B) at a commercial nursery in Michigan.
Figure 2 in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and their Effects on Ornamental Plants: A Review
Figure 2: Light micrograph of an adult male (A) and head (B) of Aphelenchoides spp. extracted from Heliopsis spp. leaves. Angular lesions (C,D) on the leaves of two varieties of Heliopsis spp. infected with Aphelenchoides spp.
Figure 1 in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and their Effects on Ornamental Plants: A Review
Figure 1: Light micrograph of Meloidogyne hapla second-stage juvenile (A) extracted from a daylily field at a commercial nursery in Michigan. Daylily roots were taken from the same field showing galling and stunting due to M. hapla infection (B) compared to healthy roots (C).
Fig. 7 in Sexually dimorphic ornamentation in modern spinicaudatans and the taxonomic implications for fossil clam shrimps
Fig. 7. Ornamentations on the growth bands in extant spinicaudatans species of Cyzicus Audouin, 1837, Ozestheria Schwentner, Just, and Richter, 2015, and Diestheria longinqua Chen in Zhang et al., 1976. A. Carapace of Ozestheria pilosa (Rogers, Thaimuangphol, Saengphan, and Sanoamuang, 2013), from Thailand (after Rogers et al. 2013: fig. 3A). B. Cyzicus gifuensis (Ishikawa, 1895), from Anhui, China, NIPG Cr.121, male; ornamentation in the ventral part of the carapace (B1) and near the ventral margin of carapace (B2); radial lirae along the lower margin of each growth band (B3). in ornamentations might suggest a close affinity between The carapaces of the family Limnadiidae are thin and hermaphroditic Cyzicus and Aquilonoglypta as suggested by lightly mineralized, which commonly resulted in a reticulate Astrop and Hegna (2015). depressiononthecarapacesurface, suchas Eulimnadiatexana The transition pattern from reticulation to lirae in the Packard, 1871 (Astrop 2014). However, the carapace surfaces ventral part of the carapace in the Ozestheria differs from of most species of Eulimnadia are unornamented (smooth the Cyzicus which has the large undeveloped reticulation. surface pattern). This pattern also occurs in Metalimnadia Australian species of Ozestheria had reticulation, granulated serratus Mattox, 1952, Paralimnadia badia (Wolf, 1911) and ornaments, or a combination of punctae and lirae (Timms some Triassic fossil species of Paleolimnadiidae (Table 1). 2018). The ornamentation pattern of O. pilosa was similar The fossil family Palaeolimnadiopsidae is characterized by to species of Diestheriidae, in which transversely enlarged the recurvature of growth lines to form carinate at the posreticulation overlapped on the lirae ornamentation of each terior-dorsal marginal junction of the carapace. This feature growth band of the carapace (Rogers et al. 2013). The larger has also been observed in living species of Limnadopsis. secondary reticulation was likely originated from the in- The ornamentation documented for Palaeolimnadiopsidae tra-cuticular layer rather than the reticulation from procuti- ranged from reticulation to reticulation-lirae combination. cle (Astrop 2014). The ornamentation pattern in Ozestheria However, the ornamentation possessed by Limnadopsis ocsp. (males, Fig. 1A5), including punctae-reticulation-lirae cidentalis Timms, 2009, is nodular (Astrop 2014). Imnadia combination, the transition from reticulation to lirae, and yeyetta Hertzog, 1935, was reported to exhibit punctae ornathe larger undeveloped reticulation, is in line with that of mentation (Astrop 2014). Nevertheless, this pattern was not fossil species Triglypta yabraiensis Wang, 2014 (Wang 2014: mentioned in the original descriptions of the fossil families pl. 2: 2). The close morphological resemblance of ornamen- Paleolimnadiidae, Palaeolimnadiopsidae or Perilimnadiidae. tations and carapace shape suggests that Ozestheria might The phenotypic differentiation of ornamentation pattern is be closely related to Triglypta or Tianzhuestheria. a model to investigate morpho-functional adaptation to some
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Allen Brain Atlas
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