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6 results for “paleodiversity”
The smallest stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): hidden paleodiversity in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar
<p>The original figure plates and associated images of the fossil specimens used in the study.</p> <p><strong>Yamamoto, S.</strong> (2023) The smallest stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): hidden paleodiversity in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar. <em><strong>Evolutionary Systematics</strong></em>, 7(2): 211–235. (doi: 10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597).</p> <p>URL: <a href="https://evolsyst.pensoft.net/article/104597/">https://evolsyst.pensoft.net/article/104597/</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The fossil record of stag beetles (Lucanidae), especially in Mesozoic amber, is sparse. Four additional fossil lucanids preserved in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar are here reported. All of these species are included in the primitive subfamily Aesalinae, and have been identified as: <em>Protonicagus mandibularis</em> <strong>sp. nov.</strong> (tribe Nicagini); <em>Cretognathus minutissimus</em> <strong>gen. et sp. nov.</strong> (tribe Ceratognathini); Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1 (provisional assignment); and Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2 (provisional assignment). Except for <em>Protonicagus mandibularis</em> <strong>sp. nov.</strong>, the stag beetles appear to be connected to the continent of Gondwana, as with the Kachin amber paleofauna. More interestingly, these species have significantly smaller bodies than the extant species, with three of them measuring less than 3 mm, which makes them the smallest known species of Lucanidae. This finding is congruent with a trend toward miniaturization in several unrelated lineages of Kachin amber beetles, and it shows hidden paleodiversity of stag beetles during the Cretaceous.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Key Words</strong></p> <p>Aesalinae, Burmese amber, Cenomanian, Ceratognathini, fossil, Mesozoic, Nicagini, Scarabaeoidea</p>
Data from: Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics in tandem enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo
<p>This folder contains the data used for the creation of the phylogenetic trees for the manuscript 'Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics in tandem enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo'.</p> <p>Ancient_Sequences.fa is a fasta file containing all palaeoproteomic sequences reconstructed in the context of the above study. (15 fosil pongo samples) </p> <p>'Raw_Reference_Dataset' is a folder containing 9 fasta files. Each fasta contains the reference sequences of multiple samples (6 H.sapiens,27 Pongo, 30 Gorilla, 38 Pan, 2 Macaca, 1 Nomascus, 1 Microcebus, 1 Papio ) for one protein.</p> <p>'Alignments' is a folder containing 9 fasta files with the name of a protein. Each fasta file contains the aligned sequences of the reference dataset and the ancient samples for that protein. Additionally, the fasta file 'CONCATENATED.fa' contains all proteins concatenated, aligned and I/L fixed.</p>
Data from: On the accuracy of paleodiversity reconstructions: a case study in Antarctic Neogene radiolarians
The deep-sea Cenozoic planktonic microfossil record has the unique characteristics of continuously well-preserved populations of most species, with virtually unlimited sample size, and therefore constitutes, in principle, a major resource for macroevolutionary research. Antarctic Neogene radiolarians in particular, are diverse, abundant and consistently well-preserved and evolved rapidly. This fauna is, in theory, a near-perfect testing ground for paleodiversity reconstructions. In this study we determined the diversity history of these faunas from a new quantitative, taxonomically complete data set from Neogene and Quaternary sections at several Antarctic sites. The pattern retrieved by our whole-fauna data set shows a significant, largely extinctionless ecological change in faunal composition and decrease in the evenness of species' abundances during the late Miocene, followed 3 Myr later, at around 5 Ma, by a significant drop in diversity. We tentatively associate this ecological event with a synchronous, regional change in the composition of the primary producers, but as yet cannot identify any environmental changes associated with the later extinction. Further, our whole-fauna diversity history was compared to diversity computed from much less complete, biostratigraphically oriented studies of species' occurrences, compiled in the Neptune database and reconstructed by using subsampling methodologies. Comparison of our whole-fauna and subsampling-reconstructed diversity patterns shows that the first-order trends are the same in both, suggesting that, to some degree, such literature compilations can be used to explore diversity history of plankton. However, our results also highlight substantial errors and distortions in the reconstructed diversity which make it poorly suited to more-detailed studies (e.g., for comparison of diversity history with paleoenvironmental history). We conclude that detailed studies of plankton diversity, and particularly those attempting to understand the relation between diversity and paleoceanographic change, should be based on taxonomically comprehensive, quantitative data.
Data from: On the accuracy of paleodiversity reconstructions: a case study in Antarctic Neogene radiolarians
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Data from: The sampling and estimation of marine paleodiversity patterns: implications of a Pliocene model
Data that accurately capture the spatial structure of biodiversity are required for many paleobiological questions, from assessments of changing provinciality and the role of geographic ranges in extinction and originations, to estimates of global taxonomic or morphological diversity through time. Studies of temporal changes in diversity and global biogeographic patterns have attempted to overcome fossil sampling biases through sampling standardization protocols, but such approaches must ultimately be limited by available literature and museum collections. One approach to evaluating such limits is to compare results from the fossil record with models of past diversity patterns informed by modern relationships between diversity and climatic factors. Here we use present-day patterns for marine bivalves, combined with data on the geologic ages and distributions of extant taxa, to develop a model for Pliocene diversity patterns, which is then compared with diversity patterns retrieved from the literature as compiled by the Paleobiology Database (PaleoDB). The published Pliocene bivalve data (PaleoDB) lack the first-order spatial structure required to generate the modern biogeography within the time available (<3 Myr). Instead, the published data (raw and standardized) show global diversity maxima in the Tropical West Atlantic, followed closely by a peak in the cool-temperate East Atlantic. Either today's tropical West Pacific diversity peak, double that of any other tropical region, is a purely Pleistocene phenomenon—highly unlikely given the geologic ages of extant genera and the topology of molecular phylogenies—or the paleontological literature is such a distorted sample of tropical Pliocene diversity that current sampling standardization methods cannot compensate for existing biases. A rigorous understanding of large-scale spatial and temporal diversity patterns will require new approaches that can compensate for such strong bias, presumably by drawing more fully on our understanding of the factors that underlie the deployment of diversity today.
Data from: The sampling and estimation of marine paleodiversity patterns: implications of a Pliocene model
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