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37 results for “parapatry”
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 6. Centroids of triangles in Figure 5. Co-occurrences of Tasmaniosoma compitale and Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum males are circled. Arrow points to area shown in Figure 8. Scale bar = 25 km.
Supplementary material 1: Parapatry_records from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
ZIP archive contains: 1. All currently known locality records for the parapatric millipedes Tasmaniosoma compitale and T. hickmanorum, in spreadsheet (CSV) format. 2. 4 KML files giving localities for (1) males of Tasmaniosoma compitale and T. hickmanorum, (2) females of these species, (3) cooccurrences of these species (4) unidentified females of these species. KML annotation gives museum registration number for specimen lot.
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 1. Localities for male Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum. Scale bar = 100 km. Rectangle indicates map extent in Figs 2–6.
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 5. Edited Delaunay triangulation of localities for male Tasmaniosoma compitale (filled circles), Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum (open circles) and co-occurrences (stars); see text for explanation. Scale bar = 25 km.
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 2. Localities for Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum males (filled squares) and females identified by colour (open squares). Ellipse encloses Arthur-Hellyer 'island' (see text for explanation). Scale bar = 25 km.
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 4. Delaunay triangulation of localities for male Tasmaniosoma compitale (filled circles), Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum (open circles) and co-occurrences (stars). The set of localities used has been trimmed to the vicinity of the parapatric boundary, and Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum localities in the Arthur-Hellyer 'island' and Tasmaniosoma compitale localities at the Vale of Belvoir have been excluded. Scale bar = 25 km.
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 7C, D. Centroids from Fig. 6 superimposed on simplified bedrock geology C and mean annual rainfall isohyets, in mm D. In C, colours crossed by main parapatric boundary represent (anticlockwise from top left) Quaternary coastal sand and gravel (gray-blue), Precambrian siltstone and mudstone (orange), Precambrian metamorphics (green), Cambrian conglomerate and siltstone (gray-green), Tertiary basalt (light brown) and Permian glaciomarine sedimentary rocks (red-brown). Scale bars = 25 km.
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 3. Localities for Tasmaniosoma compitale males (filled squares) and females identified by colour (open squares). Outliers (circled) are at the Vale of Belvoir. Scale bar = 25 km.
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 8. Rebecca Spur 3 area (marked with arrow in Fig. 6) in Google Earth image dated 11 October 2010. Markers: Tasmaniosoma compitale males (darker green) and females identified by colour (lighter green), Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum males (darker red) and females identified by colour (lighter red), and possible co-occurrence of females identified by colour (yellow).
from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893
- Figure 7A, B. Centroids from Fig. 6 superimposed on 100 m elevation contours A and principal rivers B. Scale bars = 25 km.
Data from: Sympatry and parapatry among rocky reef cichlids of Lake Victoria explained by female mating preferences
<p><span>Work on the Lake Victoria cichlids <em>Pundamilia nyererei</em> (red dorsum males, deeper water), <em>Pundamilia pundamilia</em> (blue males, shallower water) and related species pairs has provided insights into processes of speciation. Here, we investigate female mating behaviour of five <em>Pundamilia </em>species and four of their F1-hybrids through mate choice trials and paternity testing. We discuss the results in the context of the geography of speciation and coexistence. Complete assortative mating was observed among all sympatric species. Parapatric species with similar depth habitat distributions interbred whereas other parapatric and allopatric species showed complete assortative mating. F1-hybrids mated exclusively with species accepted by females of the parental species. Although consistent with reinforcement in sympatry, a closer look at our results suggests otherwise and it is more likely that pre-existing female preferences influence which taxa can co-exist in sympatry. Regardless of the mechanism, mating preferences may influence species distribution in potentially hybridizing taxa, such as in the adaptive radiations of cichlid fish. We suggest that this at least partly explains why some species fail to establish breeding populations in locations where they are occasionally recorded. Our result support the notion that mating preferences of potentially cross-breeding species ought to be included in coexistence theory.</span></p>
Understanding parapatry: How do environment and competitive interactions shape Iberian vipers' distributions?
<p><b>Aim</b>: To assess if the parapatry of the three viper species present in the Iberian Peninsula is mainly caused by environmental conditions, historical events, interspecific competition among them, or a combination of these factors.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: The Iberian Peninsula</p> <p><b>Taxon</b>: <i>Vipera aspis</i>, <i>V. latastei,</i> and <i>V. seoanei</i>.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: We applied the concept of favourability of occurrence to produce commensurate distribution units unaffected by the prevalence of different species in the Iberian Peninsula. We compared the favourability of each species individually with the favourability of occurrence of more than one species co-occurring in their overlapping ranges, and identified the areas in which sympatric coexistence, environmental segregation, and competitive exclusion are predicted to occur.</p> <p><b>Results</b>:<i> </i>The main driver of the parapatric pattern was competitive exclusion, which was mediated by gradual changes in the environmental conditions favouring each species.<i> </i>The para-Mediterranean<i> V. aspis </i>presented fragmented favourable areas outside its range that seemed to be unoccupied due to competitive exclusion by the other vipers. The Mediterranean <i>V. latastei</i> appeared to be limited by competition with the other viper species and by the environment in northwestern Iberia. <i>V. seoanei</i> prevented the other two species becoming established in the north-western quarter of the Iberian Peninsula due to its better adaption to the humid conditions in this region. Some areas of sustainable coexistence were detected, mainly in the upper reaches of the River Ebro.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b>: Each species is better adapted to particular conditions. However, the existence of ecotones forces them to occur sympatrically and compete for resources. The parapatric pattern is a result of the evolutionary history of the species and of strong competitive interactions between them, which form 'competitive-exclusion barriers'. However, these barriers are environmentally dependent, so changes in the environment could rapidly affect the limits of the species distribution.</p>
Data from: Temporal and spatial dynamics of competitive parapatry in chewing lice
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Data from: Sympatry and parapatry among rocky reef cichlids of Lake Victoria explained by female mating preferences
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Understanding parapatry: How do environment and competitive interactions shape Iberian vipers’ distributions?
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Data from: Maintenance of soil ecotypes of Solidago virgaurea in close parapatry via divergent flowering time and selection against immigrants
1. The often patchy distribution of serpentine geology can lead to abrupt changes in soil and microclimates. Thus, serpentine areas provide an ideal natural laboratory to understand how divergent selection drives the process of local adaptation in edaphically endemic plant species. In case where the serpentine ecotype is surrounded by related non-soil specialists, a balance of natural selection and potential gene flow should be a key factor to maintain the different ecotypes over very short distances. We aimed to reveal the mechanisms to enable soil ecotypes of a goldenrod species to occur almost sympatric situations in Japan. 2. We performed field surveys to characterize microenvironments and reproductive timings of each ecotype, common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments, artificial crossing, and population genetic analysis. 3. Growth chamber experiments show that serpentine plants showed higher leaf mass per area and greater resource allocation to their root systems than did their non-serpentine counterparts, a potential adaptation to drier soil condition in serpentine habitats. Reciprocal transplants demonstrated a clear pattern of local adaptation in the plant growth rate. Importantly, serpentine populations completed flowering by mid-summer versus late summer in non-serpentine plants. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that early flowering ensures reproductive success, before the microclimatic conditions becomes severest in open habitats. Although prezygotic isolation was a strong barrier to gene flow, genetic differentiation was very low, indicating a recent origin for the serpentine ecotypes and/or gene flow at low frequencies. 4. Synthesis. The findings indicate that the early-flowering times of serpentine ecotypes, which would have been selected for by microclimates in serpentine areas, can play roles in local adaptation, but also population isolation via a by-product of diverged reproductive timings. This study contributes to general understanding of the initial stages of plant ecological speciation under potential gene flow in very small geographic scales.
Supplementary material 1 from: Mesibov R (2020) A second remarkable case of parapatry in a Tasmanian millipede genus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Dalodesmidae). In: Korsós Z, Dányi L (Eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys 930: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.38031
Specimen data for Tasmaniosoma armatum Verhoeff, 1936, T. clarksonorum Mesibov, 2010, T. orientale Mesibov, 2010 and specimens not yet identifiable as T. armatum or T. orientale
Data from: Social selection parapatry in Afrotropical sunbirds
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Data from: Maintenance of soil ecotypes of Solidago virgaurea in close parapatry via divergent flowering time and selection against immigrants
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Figure 8 from: Mesibov R (2020) A second remarkable case of parapatry in a Tasmanian millipede genus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Dalodesmidae). In: Korsós Z, Dányi L (Eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys 930: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.38031
Figure 8 A View of dry eucalypt forest habitat on the north bank of the West Swan River near the West Swan River/Swan River junction (see Fig. 7), 1 July 2019 B, C Distributions of "Y-shaped" (black squares) and "simply acute" (white squares) process 1 variants of Tasmaniosoma orientale Mesibov, 2010 as of 3 July 2019 B Overview of T. orientale range C Near the West Swan River/Swan River junction.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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