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43 results for “parasitic worm”
Fig. 9 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 9. Size differences between infected and non-infected cormorants. The black line represents the median length (a and b) and median weight (c). The grey box represents the middle 50% of the data (n = 65).
Fig. 7 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 7. Size differences of cormorants between Kustavi and Airisto in terms of body length and body weight (n = 65). The black line represents the median length and weight. The grey box represents the middle 50% of the data (n = 65).
Fig. 6 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 6. Left: Body length of herring in the Archipelago Sea (n = 1167) and the Bothnian Sea (n = 1528) in 2018 and in the infected and non-infected herring (n = 7002). The black line represents the median length, and the grey box is the middle 50% of the data.
Fig. 2 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 2. Mean annual salinity (PSU) and temperature (T, ◦C) of the winter months (January–April) in the Bothnian Sea at 0–50 m depth during 1980–2021. Data from ICES Oceanographic dataset, 2021. ICES, Copenhagen.
Fig. 8 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 8. Size differences of cormorants between sexes (a, b, and c) and adults and juveniles (d, e, and f). The black line represents the median length (a, b, d, and e) and median weight (c and f). The grey box represents the middle 50% of the data (n = 65).
Fig. 3 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 3. Acanthocephala parasites in the body cavity of a herring (left; the red circle indicates the position of worms) and on the inner surface of the intestine of a cormorant (right). The upper photo indicates the size of parasites compared to a match (photos: J. Sahlst´en). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling sites in the northern Baltic Sea: A = Archipelago Sea, B = Uusikaupunki, C = Merikarvia. The sampling locations in region A: 1 = Taivassalo, 2 = Velkua trawl area, 3 = western Rym¨attyl¨a, 4 = northern Airisto Inlet, 5 = Peimari.
Fig. 5 in The prevalence of Corynosoma parasite worms in the great cormorants and the Baltic herring in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland
Fig. 5. Prevalence (%) of the corynosoma infection in the Baltic herring in the Bothnian Sea (n = 1528) and the Archipelago Sea in 2018 (n = 1167). The black solid line expresses a linear trend: y = 7.55x + 6.33, r = 1.00.
Supplementary data for "Testing the efficacy of different molecular tools for parasite conservation genetics: a case study using horsehair worms (Phylum Nematomorpha)"
<p>Supplementary data for "Testing the efficacy of different molecular tools for parasite conservation genetics: a case study using horsehair worms (Phylum Nematomorpha)"</p> <p>alignments: alignments used for BEAST ("bayes") and PopArt ("popart"). The "popart" folder also has a traits file per each species.</p> <p>bayesian_plots: TSVs ("tsv") and PDF files ("ogs") generated by BEAST. The "tsv" folder also has the scripts for plotting the results in R.</p> <p>easysfs: scripts, population file and results from the VCF to SFS conversione done by easySFS.</p> <p>fineRADstructure: fineRADstructure input files and output PDF plots ("plots") for <em>C. formosanus</em> ipyrad and Stacks ("stacks") data. </p> <p>logs: logs for ipyrad, ModelTest, PGDspider, PopArt ("popart") and Stacks ("stacks"). The "popart" folder also have the generated networks in a TXT file. The "stacks" folder also has ODS files for calculating the amount of loci per each M/n fixed value.</p> <p>snapclust: STR files used with R for snapclust. Scripts included.</p> <p>stairway_plot: input (blueprint files) and outputs for Stairway Plot 2 analyses. The <em>C. formosanus</em> folder ("chordodes") also has scripts for R plotting.</p> <p>vcfs: VCF and HDF5 files used in this study. Also scripts for filtering/converting data and plotting the PCA with ipyrad (activate python first!) for <em>C. formosanus</em>.</p> <p>"acutogordius" = <em>A. taiwanensis</em><br> "chordodes" = <em>C. formosanus</em><br> "gordius" = <em>G. chiashanus</em></p>
Thermal refuge use and parasitism: spatiotemporal variation in anchor worm and lamprey wounds on Klamath redband trout
<p>Climate warming is increasing maximum temperatures during summer, such that they more frequently exceed the thermal tolerances of ectotherms, particularly cold-water fishes. One way that species can avoid thermal stress is by moving to thermal refuge habitats. Thermal refuges remain suitably cool during summer and are often complementary to foraging, spawning, and rearing habitats. Although the benefits associated with the thermal aspects of refuges are well studied, much less is known about potential costs associated with non-thermal aspects. For example, crowding of cold-water fishes into seasonal refuge habitats could increase parasite loads and cause declines in fitness. We assessed lamprey and anchor worm parasitism in Upper Klamath Lake where adfluvial redband trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em> <em>newberii</em>) move to thermal refuge habitats during summer. We sampled trout in Upper Klamath Lake during spring and in adjacent thermal refuge habitats during summer. We also evaluated survival as a function of lamprey wounding using motion-sensing radio tags. There was a 4-fold decline in the number of lamprey wounds on trout upon the onset of thermal refuge use. In contrast, cases of severe anchor worm (≥20 sores) increased 3-fold during thermal refuge use. Survival in thermal refuge was not different for lamprey-wounded trout compared to trout that migrated to thermal refuge without lamprey wounds. We found that both parasites were absent in a lotic population of redband trout downstream that lacked access to thermal refuge. Thus, the effects of seasonal refuge use on parasite load varied depending on the parasite taxon considered and local habitat conditions implying that managers will likely require empirical data for focal habitats and taxa to understand how parasitism affects thermal refuge use.</p>
Thermal refuge use and parasitism: spatiotemporal variation in anchor worm and lamprey wounds on Klamath redband trout
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FIGURES 9–18 in First description of male worms of Enterobius Colobenterobius serratus Nematoda: Oxyuridae , the pinworm parasite of proboscis monkeys
FIGURES 9–18. Esophageal region of female pinworms. 9. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 10. E. (C.) emodensis; 11. E. (C.) pygatrichus; 12. E. (Enterobius) macaci; 13. E. (E.) vermicularis; 14. E. (E.) anthropopitheci; 15. Trypanoxyuris (Buckleyenterobius) atelis; 16. T. (Trypanoxyuris) microon; 17. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi; 18. L. (Madoxyuris) vauceli. Arrow indicates junction between light and dark portions. Scale bar: 100 µm.
FIGURES 19–22 in First description of male worms of Enterobius Colobenterobius serratus Nematoda: Oxyuridae , the pinworm parasite of proboscis monkeys
FIGURES 19–22. Cross section near caudal extremity of male (a) and enlarged view of the boxed part (b) showing spicular pouch. 19. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 20. E. (C.) emodensis; 21. E. (Enterobius) vermicularis; 22. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi. Thick arrows indicate dorso-ventral height of spicular pouch; thin arrows indicate dorso-ventral height of spicule.
FIGURES 1–8 in First description of male worms of Enterobius Colobenterobius serratus Nematoda: Oxyuridae , the pinworm parasite of proboscis monkeys
FIGURES 1–8. Male adult of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003, collected from the feces of Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. 1. Entire worm, left lateral view; 2–4. Cephalic extremity, left lateral view (2), optical frontal section (3) and apical view (4); 5. Lateral ala in cross section through midbody; 6. Caudal extremity, left lateral view; 7. Spicular pouch, cross section; 8. Caudal papillae arrangement, ventral view. Abbreviations used: am. amphidial pore; an. anus; ce. cephalic expansion; co. corpus (of esophagus); cp. cephalic papilla; dl. dorsal lip; eb. esophageal bulb; ep. excretory pore; in. intestine; is. isthmus (of esophagus); la. lateral ala; mo. mouth; nr. nerve ring; pd. phasmidial duct; p1–p4. caudal papillae arrangement; ph. pharynx; sl. slot; sp. spicule; ss. specific structure (teeth) of pharynx; sv. seminal vesicle; svl. subventral lip; t. testis; vd. vas deferens.
Data from: Population genetic analysis of Chadian Guinea worms reveals that human and non-human hosts share common parasite populations
Following almost 10 years of no reported cases, Guinea worm disease (GWD or dracunculiasis) reemerged in Chad in 2010 with peculiar epidemiological patterns and unprecedented prevalence of infection among non-human hosts, particularly domestic dogs. Since 2014, animal infections with Guinea worms have also been observed in the other three countries with endemic transmission (Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan), causing concern and generating interest in the parasites' true taxonomic identity and population genetics. We present the first extensive population genetic data for Guinea worm, investigating mitochondrial and microsatellite variation in adult female worms from both human and non-human hosts in the four endemic countries to elucidate the origins of Chad's current outbreak and possible host-specific differences between parasites. Genetic diversity of Chadian Guinea worms was considerably higher than that of the other three countries, even after controlling for sample size through rarefaction, and demographic analyses are consistent with a large, stable parasite population. Genealogical analyses eliminate the other three countries as possible sources of parasite reintroduction into Chad, and sequence divergence and distribution of genetic variation provide no evidence that parasites in human and non-human hosts are separate species or maintain isolated transmission cycles. Both among and within countries, geographic origin appears to have more influence on parasite population structure than host species. Guinea worm infection in non-human hosts has been occasionally reported throughout the history of the disease, particularly when elimination programs appear to be reaching their end goals. However, no previous reports have evaluated molecular support of the parasite species identity. Our data confirm that Guinea worms collected from non-human hosts in the remaining endemic countries of Africa are Dracunculus medinensis and that the same population of worms infects both humans and dogs in Chad. Our genetic data and the epidemiological evidence suggest that transmission in the Chadian context is currently being maintained by canine hosts.
Beneficial worm allies warn plants of parasite attack belowground and reduce aboveground herbivore preference and performance
<p>We investigated responses of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) to two functional guilds of nematodes - plant parasite (<i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>) and entomopathogens (<i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i>, <i>Steinernema feltiae</i> belowground, and <i>S. carpocapsae</i>) - as well as a leaf mining insect (<i>Tuta absoluta</i>) aboveground. Our results indicate that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs): 1) induced plant defense responses, 2) reduced root knot nematode (RKN) infestation belowground and 3) reduced herbivore (<i>T. absoluta</i>) host preference and performance aboveground. Concurrently, we investigated the plant signaling mechanisms underlying these interactions using biochemical and transcriptome analyses. We found that both entomopathogen and parasite triggered immune responses in plant roots with shared gene expression. Tomato plants responded similarly to presence of RKN or EPN in the rootzone, by rapidly activating polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and guaiacol peroxidase (GP) activity in roots, but simultaneously suppressed this activity in aboveground tissues. We quantified changes in gene expression in tomato that may play essential roles in defense response to RKN, which were also coincidentally triggered by EPN. <span>For example, <i>PR-14</i> expression was greater in plants inoculated with EPN than in plants co-inoculated with </span>both nematode functional guilds<span>. Overall, EPN inoculation directly mediated enhanced plant defense and </span>reduced subsequent RKN infection. Likewise, we show that EPNs modulate plant defense against RKN invasion, in part, by suppressing active expression of antioxidant enzymes. Inoculation of tomato roots with EPNs belowground reduced both host preference and performance of the aboveground herbivore, <i>T. absoluta</i>. Inoculations of roots with EPN also triggered an immune response in tomato via up-regulated phenylpropanoid metabolism and synthesis of protease inhibitors (PIs) in plant tissues, which could explain an observed decrease in egg laying and developmental performance exhibited by herbivores on EPN-inoculated plants. Our results support the hypothesis that subterranean EPNs activate a battery of plant defenses associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and/or induced systemic resistance (ISR) with concomitant antagonistic effects on temporally co-occurring subterranean plant pathogenic nematodes and terrestrial herbivores.</p>
Data from: Population genetic analysis of Chadian Guinea worms reveals that human and non-human hosts share common parasite populations
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Beneficial worm allies warn plants of parasite attack belowground and reduce aboveground herbivore preference and performance
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Supplementary material 2 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Lin Z-H, Chen H-W, Shiao S-F (2020) A new millipede-parasitizing horsehair worm, Gordius chiashanus sp. nov., at medium altitudes in Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 941: 25-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49100
Fasta 2
Figure 6 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Lin Z-H, Chen H-W, Shiao S-F (2020) A new millipede-parasitizing horsehair worm, Gordius chiashanus sp. nov., at medium altitudes in Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 941: 25-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49100
Figure 6 Immature stages of Gordius chiashanus sp. nov. A, B free-living larva (A) treated with hot water and a living larva showing the depression in the anterior end of the pseudointestine (arrow) C, D eggs with the inner membrane examined using an (C) SEM and (D) compound microscope E egg strings F–H cysts in the paratenic host with (F) a unfolded larva and (G) a folded larva, showing (H) a single posterior spine (arrow) after treatment with a 5% KOH solution. Abbreviations: Ho, hooklet; PostS, postseptum; PreS, preseptum; Pro, proboscis; PsI, pseudointestine. Scale bars: 50 µm (A–D, F–H), 1 mm (E).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.