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350 results for “parental care”
The influence of boating noise on the parental care behaviors of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) during the summer of 2024 at Douglas Lake, Michigan, USA.
Anthropogenic noise is on the increase and in aquatic systems one of the major sources of noise is boat traffic. For organisms in lakes, rivers, and oceans that are capable of hearing, anthropogenic noise may alter behavior in a number of different ways. Here we did a combination of field and experimental work by locating smallmouth bass nests that were actively being guarded by males. Using an underwater drone, we monitored nest guarding behavior before and after a boat ran by the nest. In addition, we monitored behavior during this period while simultaneously recording boat motor noise. The results showed that the sequence of behavior performed by bass was altered during and after the boat ran by the nest.
Comparing effects of auditory and visual disturbances on smallmouth bass parental care behaviors during the summer of 2025 at Douglas Lake, Michigan, USA
A prevalent source of sensory pollution within aquatic systems is recreational motorboats that can impact aquatic organisms through several exposure mechanisms. Auditory and visual sensory disturbances are particularly important as fish may utilize these cues during critical reproductive behaviors such as parental care. Here, we conducted a field study in Douglas Lake, Michigan, and located wild smallouth bass nests actively guarded by males. We exposed smallmouth bass to two sequential treatments of playback auditory noise and visual disturbances. Using an underwater drone, parental care behaviors of smallmouth bass were monitored before, during, and after both auditory and visual disturbances. The results show that auditory and visual disturbances may alter smallmouth bass parental care behaviors differently.
Simulation code and simulated data for: Transient polymorphisms in parental care strategies drive divergence of sex roles
<p>This repository contains C++ code, simulated datasets, an R-script for data analysis and a Mathematica notebook for mathetical analysis.</p><p>Datasets are organised into ZIP files named after the corresponding figure in the publication. All of the figures based on simulation data in the manuscript and supplementary materials can be created with the R-script. For further information see the article published in <i>Nature Communications (</i>doi:<i> </i>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42607-6).</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Fig. 4 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 4. Scytodid egg-sac. (A) Typical egg-sac of Scytodes cavernarum, S. fusca and the Philippines Scytodes sp. 2; and (B) Scytodes magna egg-sac. Note the denser silk surrounding the eggs of S. magna.
Fig. 8 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 8. Reproductive traits of five cave species of scytodids. (A) Mean (± S.E.) total number of spiderlings per female; (B) mean (± S.E.) egg hatching time (d); (C) mean (± S.E.) interval (d) between clutches; (D) mean (± S.E.) interval (d) between hatching and the next egg-sac production; (E) mean (± S.E.) number of clutches; and (F) mean (± S.E.) number of spiderlings per clutch. Different lower cases indicate significant differences.
Fig. 3 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 3. Maternal care of egg-sacs in spitting spiders. (A) Scytodes fusca female carrying her egg-sac in her chelicerae. (B) Guangxi Scyloxes sp. 1 female on the surface of the outer cave walls, staying close to her egg-sac. The egg-sac is suspended by two to three threads. (C) Web constructed by S. magna female. Her egg-sac is suspended by a few threads at the centre of the web.
Fig. 2 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 2. The 'cage within a cage' set-up for studying the natal dispersal patterns of scytodid spiders. Modified from Ruttan (1990).
Fig. 1 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 1. Four species of cave scytodid spiders. (A) female and (B) male Scytodes magna, body length = 10.5 mm; (C) female and (D) male S. fusca, body length = 5.8 mm; (E) female Philippines Scytodes sp. 2, body length = 5.6mm; and (F) female S. cavernarum, body length = 5.3 mm.
Fig. 6 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 6. Newly emerged Guangxi Scyloxes sp. 1 spiderlings spread out on the sparse silk nest, and female feeding on house fly alone. Body length of adult female = 11.5 mm.
Fig. 7 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 7. Relationship between the days in which spiderlings dispersed and spiderling mass in five cave scytodid species. (A) Scytodes fusca; (B) S. carvernarum; (C) Philippines Scytodes sp. 2.; (D) S. magna; and (E) Guangxi Scyloxes sp. 1.
Divergence in reproductive behaviors is associated with the evolutionary loss of parental care
<p>The mechanisms underlying the divergence of reproductive strategies between closely-related species are still poorly understood. Additionally, it is unclear which selective factors drive the evolution of reproductive behavioral variation and how these traits coevolve, particularly during early divergence. To address these questions, we quantified behavioral differences in a recently diverged pair of Nova Scotian three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) populations, which vary in parental care, with one population displaying paternal care and the other lacking this. We compared both populations, and a full reciprocal F1 hybrid cross, across four major reproductive stages: territoriality, nesting, courtship, and parenting. We identified significant divergence in a suite of heritable behaviors. Importantly, F1 hybrids exhibited a mix of behavioral patterns, some of which suggest sex-linkage. This system offers fresh insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of reproductive behaviors during early divergence and offers support for the hypothesis that coevolutionary feedback between sexual selection and parental care can drive rapid evolution of reproductive strategies.</p>
Energetic trade-offs in migration decision-making, reproductive effort, and subsequent parental care in a long-distance migratory bird
<p>Migratory species trade-off long-distance movement with survival and reproduction, but the spatiotemporal scales at which these decisions occur is relatively unknown. Technological and statistical advances allow fine-scale study of animal decision-making, improving our understanding of possible causes and therefore conservation management. We quantified effects of reproductive preparation during spring migration on subsequent breeding outcomes, breeding outcomes on autumn migration characteristics, and autumn migration characteristics on subsequent parental survival in Greenland white-fronted geese (<em>Anser albifrons flavirostris</em>). These are long-distance migratory birds with a ~50% population decline from 1999 to 2022. We deployed GPS-acceleration devices on adult females to quantify up to five years of individual decision-making throughout the annual cycle. Weather and habitat-use affected time spent feeding and overall dynamic body acceleration (i.e., energy expenditure) during spring and autumn. Geese that expended less energy and fed longer during spring were more likely to successfully reproduce. Geese with offspring expended more energy and fed for less time during autumn, potentially representing adverse fitness consequences of breeding. These behavioural comparisons among Greenland white-fronted geese improve our understanding of fitness trade-offs underlying abundance. We provide a reproducible framework for full annual cycle modelling using location and behaviour data, applicable to similarly studied migratory animals.</p>
Fig. 14. A–B in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 14. A–B. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov., live male and female from Tolima, guarding eggs. C–F. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 live specimens from Huila. C. Centipede predating on eggs of Neocranaus Roewer, 1913. D–E. Male and female, guarding eggs. F. Female guarding eggs. Pictures: Julio César González-Gómez.
Fig. 12 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 12. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov. (MUSENUV-Ar 2123) female from Tolima. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 10 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 10. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov. A–E. Male from Tolima (MUSENUVAr 2123). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Right leg IV, femur, prolateral view. D. Right leg IV, femur distal portion in dorsal view. E. Right leg IV, femur distal portion in ventral view. F. Female (Catalogue), right leg IV, tibia, prolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 13. A–B. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, live specimens from Huila. A. Male. B. Female. C–D in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 13. A–B. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, live specimens from Huila. A. Male. B. Female. C–D. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov., live specimens from Tolima. C. Male. D. Female. Pictures: A–B: Julio César González-Gómez; C–D: Luis F. García.
Fig. 6 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 6. Neocranaus gladius Villarreal & Kury sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ICN-Ao-837). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Posterior view. E. Left pedipalp, ectal view. F. Right leg IV, femur in dorsal view. G. Right leg IV, tibia in dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 5. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 5. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, ♀ (MUSENUV-Ar 2121). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 4. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 4. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, ♂ (MUSENUV-Ar 2121). Penis: apical portion in dorsal (A, D), ventral (B, E) and lateral view (C, F).
Fig. 7 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 7. Neocranaus gladius Villarreal & Kury sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ICN-Ao-837). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Right leg IV, femur distal portion in dorsal view. D. Right leg IV, tibia in dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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