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5 results for “partial polymorphism”
Captive-bred populations of a partially migratory salmonid fish are unlikely to maintain migratory polymorphism in natural habitats
Supplementation of wild populations with captive-bred individuals is often ineffective for boosting long-term productivity of wild populations. On the other hand, it remains unknown whether supplementation can act to maintain life-history variation in natural habitats, which is also important for the long-term persistence of populations and species. Partial migration, in which both migratory and resident individuals are maintained in a population, is commonly found across animal taxa. However, human-induced habitat fragmentation continues to cause rapid decline in a migratory phenotype among many natural populations. By using field and hatchery experiments, we here demonstrated that while migrants and residents could be maintained in captive environments, few fish became migrants in natural streams in red-spotted masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae. Released captive-bred fish rarely reached the threshold body size necessary to become migrants in natural streams, presumably due to lower growth condition in natural than in captive environments. The decision to migrate is often considered a threshold trait in salmonids and other animal taxa. Our findings highlight the need for supplementation programs to acknowledge environmentally induced changes in life-history decisions for partially migratory species.
Verification of some Boolean partial polymorphisms
<p>This dataset contains the formal verification that a certain partial ternary Boolean conjunction <em>f</em> preserves two specific Boolean relations, but does not preserve two other ones. Our approach is by translating the question into Boolean satisfiability problems and to implement these such that they can be treated by a sat solver being capable of reading SMT-LIB2.0 specifications. Specifically, we have been using the Z3 solver developed by Microsoft Research (https://github.com/z3prover/z3) to attack the problem. The following is a list of the files contained in the dataset and their function:</p> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Filename</th> <th>Purpose</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>f-pPol-GammaL0chi2-GammaL2chi3.<br> z3</td> <td>The SMT-LIB2.0 implementation of the problem, to be run, e.g. by Z3.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>z3-output.txt</td> <td>The output received by running Z3 on f-pPol-GammaL0chi2-GammaL2chi3.<br> z3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f-preserves-GammaL0chi2_proof.txt</td> <td>A formal proof generated by Z3 that <em>f</em> preserves Γ<sub>L₀</sub>(χ₂).</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f-preserves-GammaL2chi3_proof.txt</td> <td>A formal proof generated by Z3 that <em>f</em> preserves Γ<sub>L₂</sub>(χ₃).</td> </tr> <tr> <td>partial_polymorphisms.pdf</td> <td>A detailed description of the problem and the dataset.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>partial_polymorphisms.tex</td> <td>The source file used to produce partial_polymorphisms.pdf</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Captive-bred populations of a partially migratory salmonid fish are unlikely to maintain migratory polymorphism in natural habitats
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Data from: Partial genotyping at polymorphic markers can improve heritability estimates in sibling groups
Accurate estimates of heritability (h²) are necessary to assess adaptive responses of populations and evolution of fitness-related traits in changing environments. For plants, h² estimates generally rely on maternal progeny designs, assuming that offspring are either half-sibs or unrelated. However, plant mating systems often depart from half-sib assumptions, this can bias h² estimates. Here, we investigate how to accurately estimate h² in non-model species through the analysis of sibling designs with a moderate genotyping effort. We performed simulations to investigate how microsatellite marker information available for only a subset of offspring can improve h² estimates based on maternal progeny designs in presence of non-random mating, inbreeding in the parental population or maternal effects. We compared the basic family method, considering or not adjustments based on average relatedness coefficients, and methods based on the animal model. The animal model was used with average relatedness information, or with hybrid relatedness information: associating one-generation pedigree and family assumptions, or associating one-generation pedigree and average relatedness coefficients. Our results highlighted that methods using marker-based relatedness coefficients performed as well as pedigree-based methods in presence of non-random mating (i.e. unequal male reproductive contributions, selfing), offering promising prospects to investigate in situ heritabilities in natural populations. In presence of maternal effects, only the use of pairwise relatednesses through pedigree information improved the accuracy of h² estimates. In that case the amount of father-related offspring in the sibling design is the most critical. Overall, we showed that the method using both one-generation pedigree and average relatedness coefficients was the most robust to various ecological scenarios.
Data from: Partial genotyping at polymorphic markers can improve heritability estimates in sibling groups
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