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Fig. 5 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 5. Strict consensus tree of 714 most parsimonious trees (L = 331, CI = 0.32, RI = 0.57) resulting from an analysis that, concerning the extant taxa, was constrained to the results of current molecular analyses (Prum et al. 2015; Kuhl et al. 2021). Extinct taxa are indicated by a dagger.

Fig. 3 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 3. Leg bones of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. in comparison to those of other Morsoravidae and the Psittacopedidae and Zygodactylidae. A. Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right tarsometatarsus (mirrored), in dorsal (A1), plantar (A2), and medial (A3) views, the arrow indicates an enlarged detail of the distal end; distal end of right tarsometatarsus (mirrored) in distal view (A4). B. Morsoravis sedilis Bertelli, Lindow, Dyke, and Chiappe, 2010 (holotype, MGUH 28930), from the early Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (B1) and medial (B2) views; coated with ammonium chloride, in B1, surrounding matrix was digitally removed and a missing portion of the shaft is highlighted by the grey-brown area, the arrow in B2, indicates an enlarged detail of the distal end. C. Pumiliornis tessellatus Mayr, 1999 (SMF-ME 2475A), from the latest early or earliest middle Eocene of Messel, Germany, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (C1) and plantar (C2) views. D. Psittacomimus eos Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (NMS.Z.2021.40.39), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (D1), plantar (D2), and distal (D3) views. E. Primozygodactylus cf. danielsi Mayr, 1998 (Zygodactylidae) (NMS.2021.40.49), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, distal portion of right tarsometatarsus (mirrored), in dorsal (E1), plantar (E2), and distal (E3) views. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 2. Beak and selected postcranial bones of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. in comparison to those of other Morsoravidae and the Psittacopedidae, Zygodactylidae, and Coliiformes. A. Morsoravis sedilis Bertelli, Lindow, Dyke, and Chiappe, 2010 (holotype, MGUH 28930), from the lower Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark; A1, skull in dorsolateral view (coated with ammonium chloride); A2, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. B. Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK. B1, tip of upper beak in dorsal view; B2, right coracoid in dorsal view; B3, composite image of partial right humerus (mirrored) and distal end of left humerus in cranial view; B4, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. C. Primoscens carolinae Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (Zygodactylidae) (holotype, NMS.2021.40.54), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left coracoid in dorsal view (mirrored). D.?Psittacopes occidentalis Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (Psittacopedidae) (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.44), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left coracoid in dorsal view (mirrored). E. The extant Myiarchus tyrannulus (Statius Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae) (SMF 9584), right coracoid in dorsal view. F. Pumiliornis tessellatus Mayr, 1999 (SMF-ME 2475B), from the luppermost lower or lowermost middle Eocene of Messel, Germany; F1, right humerus in cranial view (mirrored); F2, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. G. Parapsittacopes bergdahli Mayr, 2021 (Psittacopedidae) NMS. Z.2021.40.43), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right humerus in cranial view. H. Primozygodactylus cf. danielsi Mayr, 1998 (Zygodactylidae) (NMS.2021.40.49), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right humerus in cranial view (mirrored). Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 1. The bones preserved in the holotype of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the lower Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK. A1, tip of upper beak in dorsal view; A2, fragments of mandible; A3, A4, left coracoid in dorsal (A3) and ventral (A4) views; A5, A6, right coracoid in dorsal (A5) and ventral (A6) views; A7, partial furcula; A8, A9, cranial portion of sternum in ventral (A8) and lateral (A9) views; A10, A11, partial right humerus in cranial (A10) and caudal (A11) views; A12‒A15, proximal (A12, A13) and distal (A14, A15) portions of left humerus in caudal (A12, A14) and cranial (A13, A15) views; A16, proximal end of right ulna in cranioventral view; A17, A18, partial left tibiotarsus in caudal (A17) and cranial (A18) views; A19‒A24, right tarsometatarsus in dorsal (A19), medial (A20), plantar (A21), lateral (A22), proximal (A23), and distal (A24) views; A25, A26, proximal end of left tarsometatarsus in plantar (A25) and dorsolateral (A26) views; A27, first phalanx of third toe in dorsal and plantar view; A28, second to fourth phalanges of fourth toe in different views (plantar, dorsal, and lateral, respectively).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2009View details →

Fig. 1 in Infestation With Ixodes Ricinus Ticks On Migrating Passerine Birds In Lithuania And Norway

Fig. 1 Molecular taxonomical identification of the I. ricinus by PCR assay. Lines 1 and 15 – 50 bp marker; Line 2 –negative control; Lines 2-13 –positive results: amplified 150 bp specific fragment for I. ricinus; Line 14 – positive control of I. ricinus (150 bp)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2004View details →

Fig. 1 in Area Requirements Of Passerine Birds In The Reed Archipelago Of Lake Velence, Hungary

Fig. 1. Incidence functions of the 8 passerine bird species observed on the 109 reed islands at Lake Velence, Hungary. Abbreviations: Acraru = Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Acrsci = A. scirpaceus, Acrsch = A. schoenobaenus, Acrmel = A. melanopogon, Loclus = Locustella luscinioides, Panbia = Panurus biarmicus, Embsch = Emberiza schoeniclus, Lussve = Luscinia svecica

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Data for: Faster evolution of a premating reproductive barrier is not associated with faster speciation rates in New World passerine birds

Why are speciation rates so variable across the tree of life? One hypothesis is that this variation is explained by how rapidly reproductive barriers evolve. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a comparative study of the evolution of bird song, a premating barrier to reproduction. Speciation in birds is typically initiated when geographically isolated (allopatric) populations evolve reproductive barriers. We measured the strength of song as a premating barrier between closely related allopatric populations by conducting 2,339 field experiments to measure song discrimination for 175 taxon pairs of allopatric or parapatric New World passerine birds, and estimated recent speciation rates from a global molecular phylogeny of birds. Taxon pairs with high song discrimination in allopatry failed to regularly interbreed in parapatry, evidence that song discrimination is indeed an important reproductive barrier. However, evolutionary rates of song discrimination were not associated with recent speciation rates, and song discrimination evolves faster in suboscine passerines than their more species-rich sister clade, the oscines. Our findings support the long-held idea that song is a key premating reproductive barrier in birds, but show that faster evolution of this reproductive barrier between populations does not result in faster diversification betweeen species.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

openother-openMar 2022View details →

The long and short of it: converting between maximum and minimum tarsus measurements in passerine birds

Data and R scripts relating to: Caravaggi A, Bayley S, Facey RJ, de la Hera I, Shewring M, Smith JA. (2022) The long and short of it: converting between maximum and minimum tarsus measurements in passerine birds. Ringing & Migration. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03078698.2022.2050937">10.1080/03078698.2022.2050937</a>

Fig. 2 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine

Fig. 2. Grouping of species distribution by demonstration of aggressive behavior at watering places in the State Arboretum "Alexandria".

Fig. 6 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine

Fig. 6. Rating of success of attack and defense of birds in biological educational and research institution "Vakalivschyna".

Fig. 3 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine

Fig. 3. Grouping of species distribution by demonstration of aggressive behavior at watering places in biological educational and research institution "Vakalivschyna".

Fig. 1 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine

Fig. 1. Grouping of species distribution by demonstration of aggressive behavior at watering places in Kaniv Nature Reserve.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 2 in First record of the Ashy Minivet (Pericrocotus divaricatus), a passerine bird, for Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

Figure 2. Ashy Minivets (Pericrocotus divaricatus) mistnetted on Saipan. A. and B. Female, C. Female wing, D. Male (photos A-C, K. Beer; D. J. Chojnacki).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 1 in First record of the Ashy Minivet (Pericrocotus divaricatus), a passerine bird, for Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

Figure 1. Map showing location of new record for Ashy Minivets in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Top left - Location of the CNMI in the Western Pacific, Bottom left - Location of Saipan within the CNMI, Right - Satellite image from 2013 of the northern part of Saipan including the capture and resight locations marked with a white X.

Fig. 4 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 4. Daily activity of juvenile (black columns) and adult (dotted columns) reedbed passerines in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004

Fig. 2 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 2. The morning (left) and evening (right) mean capture times (±SE) of reedbed passerines in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004. (Llus: Locustella luscinioides (n = 293), Amel: Acrocephalus melanopogon (n = 78), Asch: A. schoenobaenus (n = 445), Apal: A. palustris (n = 112), Asci: A. scirpaceus (n = 1270), Aaru: A. arundinaceus (n =

Fig. 1 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 1. Capture rates of reedbed passerines mist netted in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004

Fig. 3 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 3. Morning (white), daily (dotted) and evening (black) activity of reedbed passerines in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004. (Llus: Locustella luscinioides, Amel: Acrocephalus melanopogon, Asch: A. schoenobaenus, Apal: A. palustris, Asci: A.