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839 results for “passerines”
Microplastic Abundance, Shape, and Color in Passerines Captured at Rushton Woods Preserve Bird Banding Station in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA, April-September 2024
Fecal samples were collected from 5 species of passerine birds between April and September 2024 at the Rushton Woods Preserve Bird Banding Station. Samples were chemically digested and filtered for the purpose of extracting, quantifying, and describing microplastics.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Data in support of Territory sizes and patterns of habitat use by forest passerines over five decades: Ideal free or ideal despotic?, Zammarelli et al.
In this study, we analyzed territory sizes of seven migratory songbirds occupying a 10-hectare plot in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA over a 52-year period (1969-2021). All species varied in abundance over the duration of the study, some dramatically. Changes in territory sizes were inversely related to changes in abundance within the study plot despite differences in habitat preference, supporting the ideal free distribution. Territory sizes varied two-fold within a year across species. Results contribute to understanding how variation in territory size relates to 1) how habitat use changes with bird abundance, 2) the evolution of territory size, and 3) the role of territoriality in population dynamics. This dataset includes data, R code, and spatial files supporting this study. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Associated datasets in the data catalog: Holmes, R.T., N.L. Rodenhouse, and M.T. Hallworth. 2022. Bird Abundances at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1969-present) and on three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White Mountain National Forest ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/6422a72893616ce9020086de5a5714cd (Accessed 2023-12-17). Zammarelli, M.B. and R.T. Holmes. 2023. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 10-ha bird plot territory maps, 1969 - 2021 ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/df93595ba8df60570d472f6e6f58839e (Accessed 2024-01-11).
Bird plumage brightness scores and blood parasite prevalence values of North American passerine species
<p>Dataset with bird plumage brightness scores and blood parasite prevalence values for 114 North American passerine host species. One file contains the data table. One file contains a table with descriptions of the columns in the data table.</p> <p>Note: These data were reconstructed from files used in Read & Harvey 1989 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/339618a0">https://doi.org/10.1038/339618a0</a>) with column headings inferred with the help of Read 1991 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/285225">https://doi.org/10.1086/285225</a>).</p>
Fig. 5 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird
Fig. 5. Strict consensus tree of 714 most parsimonious trees (L = 331, CI = 0.32, RI = 0.57) resulting from an analysis that, concerning the extant taxa, was constrained to the results of current molecular analyses (Prum et al. 2015; Kuhl et al. 2021). Extinct taxa are indicated by a dagger.
Fig. 3 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird
Fig. 3. Leg bones of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. in comparison to those of other Morsoravidae and the Psittacopedidae and Zygodactylidae. A. Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right tarsometatarsus (mirrored), in dorsal (A1), plantar (A2), and medial (A3) views, the arrow indicates an enlarged detail of the distal end; distal end of right tarsometatarsus (mirrored) in distal view (A4). B. Morsoravis sedilis Bertelli, Lindow, Dyke, and Chiappe, 2010 (holotype, MGUH 28930), from the early Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (B1) and medial (B2) views; coated with ammonium chloride, in B1, surrounding matrix was digitally removed and a missing portion of the shaft is highlighted by the grey-brown area, the arrow in B2, indicates an enlarged detail of the distal end. C. Pumiliornis tessellatus Mayr, 1999 (SMF-ME 2475A), from the latest early or earliest middle Eocene of Messel, Germany, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (C1) and plantar (C2) views. D. Psittacomimus eos Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (NMS.Z.2021.40.39), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (D1), plantar (D2), and distal (D3) views. E. Primozygodactylus cf. danielsi Mayr, 1998 (Zygodactylidae) (NMS.2021.40.49), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, distal portion of right tarsometatarsus (mirrored), in dorsal (E1), plantar (E2), and distal (E3) views. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird
Fig. 2. Beak and selected postcranial bones of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. in comparison to those of other Morsoravidae and the Psittacopedidae, Zygodactylidae, and Coliiformes. A. Morsoravis sedilis Bertelli, Lindow, Dyke, and Chiappe, 2010 (holotype, MGUH 28930), from the lower Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark; A1, skull in dorsolateral view (coated with ammonium chloride); A2, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. B. Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK. B1, tip of upper beak in dorsal view; B2, right coracoid in dorsal view; B3, composite image of partial right humerus (mirrored) and distal end of left humerus in cranial view; B4, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. C. Primoscens carolinae Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (Zygodactylidae) (holotype, NMS.2021.40.54), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left coracoid in dorsal view (mirrored). D.?Psittacopes occidentalis Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (Psittacopedidae) (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.44), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left coracoid in dorsal view (mirrored). E. The extant Myiarchus tyrannulus (Statius Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae) (SMF 9584), right coracoid in dorsal view. F. Pumiliornis tessellatus Mayr, 1999 (SMF-ME 2475B), from the luppermost lower or lowermost middle Eocene of Messel, Germany; F1, right humerus in cranial view (mirrored); F2, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. G. Parapsittacopes bergdahli Mayr, 2021 (Psittacopedidae) NMS. Z.2021.40.43), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right humerus in cranial view. H. Primozygodactylus cf. danielsi Mayr, 1998 (Zygodactylidae) (NMS.2021.40.49), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right humerus in cranial view (mirrored). Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 1 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird
Fig. 1. The bones preserved in the holotype of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the lower Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK. A1, tip of upper beak in dorsal view; A2, fragments of mandible; A3, A4, left coracoid in dorsal (A3) and ventral (A4) views; A5, A6, right coracoid in dorsal (A5) and ventral (A6) views; A7, partial furcula; A8, A9, cranial portion of sternum in ventral (A8) and lateral (A9) views; A10, A11, partial right humerus in cranial (A10) and caudal (A11) views; A12‒A15, proximal (A12, A13) and distal (A14, A15) portions of left humerus in caudal (A12, A14) and cranial (A13, A15) views; A16, proximal end of right ulna in cranioventral view; A17, A18, partial left tibiotarsus in caudal (A17) and cranial (A18) views; A19‒A24, right tarsometatarsus in dorsal (A19), medial (A20), plantar (A21), lateral (A22), proximal (A23), and distal (A24) views; A25, A26, proximal end of left tarsometatarsus in plantar (A25) and dorsolateral (A26) views; A27, first phalanx of third toe in dorsal and plantar view; A28, second to fourth phalanges of fourth toe in different views (plantar, dorsal, and lateral, respectively).
Fig. 1 in Infestation With Ixodes Ricinus Ticks On Migrating Passerine Birds In Lithuania And Norway
Fig. 1 Molecular taxonomical identification of the I. ricinus by PCR assay. Lines 1 and 15 – 50 bp marker; Line 2 –negative control; Lines 2-13 –positive results: amplified 150 bp specific fragment for I. ricinus; Line 14 – positive control of I. ricinus (150 bp)
Fig. 1 in Area Requirements Of Passerine Birds In The Reed Archipelago Of Lake Velence, Hungary
Fig. 1. Incidence functions of the 8 passerine bird species observed on the 109 reed islands at Lake Velence, Hungary. Abbreviations: Acraru = Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Acrsci = A. scirpaceus, Acrsch = A. schoenobaenus, Acrmel = A. melanopogon, Loclus = Locustella luscinioides, Panbia = Panurus biarmicus, Embsch = Emberiza schoeniclus, Lussve = Luscinia svecica
Data for: Faster evolution of a premating reproductive barrier is not associated with faster speciation rates in New World passerine birds
<p>Why are speciation rates so variable across the tree of life? One hypothesis is that this variation is explained by how rapidly reproductive barriers evolve. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a comparative study of the evolution of bird song, a premating barrier to reproduction. Speciation in birds is typically initiated when geographically isolated (allopatric) populations evolve reproductive barriers. We measured the strength of song as a premating barrier between closely related allopatric populations by conducting 2,339 field experiments to measure song discrimination for 175 taxon pairs of allopatric or parapatric New World passerine birds, and estimated recent speciation rates from a global molecular phylogeny of birds. Taxon pairs with high song discrimination in allopatry failed to regularly interbreed in parapatry, evidence that song discrimination is indeed an important reproductive barrier. However, evolutionary rates of song discrimination were not associated with recent speciation rates, and song discrimination evolves faster in suboscine passerines than their more species-rich sister clade, the oscines. Our findings support the long-held idea that song is a key premating reproductive barrier in birds, but show that faster evolution of this reproductive barrier between populations does not result in faster diversification betweeen species.</p>
The long and short of it: converting between maximum and minimum tarsus measurements in passerine birds
<p>Data and R scripts relating to:</p> <p>Caravaggi A, Bayley S, Facey RJ, de la Hera I, Shewring M, Smith JA. (2022) The long and short of it: converting between maximum and minimum tarsus measurements in passerine birds. Ringing & Migration. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03078698.2022.2050937">10.1080/03078698.2022.2050937</a></p>
Fig. 2 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 2. Grouping of species distribution by demonstration of aggressive behavior at watering places in the State Arboretum "Alexandria".
Fig. 6 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 6. Rating of success of attack and defense of birds in biological educational and research institution "Vakalivschyna".
Fig. 3 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 3. Grouping of species distribution by demonstration of aggressive behavior at watering places in biological educational and research institution "Vakalivschyna".
Fig. 1 in Interspecific Agression Of The Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) On Watering Places In Wood-And-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 1. Grouping of species distribution by demonstration of aggressive behavior at watering places in Kaniv Nature Reserve.
Data from: Unravelling the causes and consequences of dispersal syndromes in a wild passerine
<p><span>Evidence accumulates that dispersal is correlated with individual behavioural phenotype ('dispersal syndrome'). The evolutionary causes and consequences of such covariation depend on the degree of plasticity vs inheritance of the traits, which requires challenging experiments to implement in mobile organisms. Here, we combine a forced dispersal experiment, natural colonisation and longitudinal data to establish if dispersal and aggression levels are integrated and to test their adaptive nature in pied flycatchers (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>). We found that (forced) dispersers behaved more aggressively in their first breeding year after dispersal and decreased their aggression in following years. Strength of dispersal syndrome and direction of fecundity selection on aggression in newly colonised areas varied between years. We propose that the net benefits of aggression for dispersers increase under harsh conditions (e.g. low food abundance). This hypothesis now warrants further testing. Overall, this study provides unprecedented experimental evidence that dispersal syndromes can</span><span> be remodelled via adaptive plasticity depending on the individuals' local breeding experience and/or year-specific ecological conditions. It highlights the importance of individual behavioural variation in population dynamics.</span></p>
Data from: Telomere length declines with age, but relates to immune function independent of age in a wild passerine
<p><span>Telomere length (TL) shortens with age but telomere dynamics can relate to fitness components independent of age. Immune function often relates to such fitness components and can also interact with telomeres. Studying the link between TL and immune function may therefore help us understand telomere-fitness associations. We assessed the relationships between erythrocyte TL and four immune indices (haptoglobin, natural antibodies, complement activity, heterophil-lymphocyte ratio; n=477-589), from known-aged individuals of a wild passerine (<em>Malurus coronatus</em>). As expected, we find that TL significantly declined with age. To verify whether associations between TL and immune function were independent of parallel age-related changes (e.g. immunosenescence), we statistically controlled for sampling age, and used within-subject centring of TL to separate relationships within or between individuals. We found that TL positively predicted complement activity at the between-individual level (individuals with longer average TL had higher complement activity), but no other immune indices. In contrast, age predicted levels of natural antibodies and heterophil-lymphocyte ratio, allowing inference that respective associations between TL and age with immune indices are independent. Any links existing between TL and fitness are therefore unlikely to be strongly mediated by innate immune function, while TL and immune indices appear independent expressions of individual heterogeneity.</span></p>
Figure 3 in Notable records and observations of four passerines in Djibouti, 2020
Figure 3 (A‒B). Adult-plumaged Reichenow's Seedeater Crithagra reichenowi specimen USNM 246631 (left) compared to Yellow-rumped Seedeater C. xanthopygia specimen USNM 664564 (right) showing the lack of whitish supercilium, and greyer underparts and white throat in the Yellow-rumped Seedeater specimen (right) (Carla Dove)
Figure 2. Male Sombre Rock Chat Oenanthe dubia, specimen USNM 664494 in Notable records and observations of four passerines in Djibouti, 2020
Figure 2. Male Sombre Rock Chat Oenanthe dubia, specimen USNM 664494, showing aberrant plumage (ventral and dorsal views) (Katie Sayers)
Figure 1 in Notable records and observations of four passerines in Djibouti, 2020
Figure 1 (A‒B). Juvenile-plumaged Sombre Rock Chat Oenanthe dubia, specimen USNM 664495, alongside adult-plumaged (C) specimen USNM 664496 (James Whatton)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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