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27 results for “patterned flowers”
Fig. 17. Begonia burkillii Dunn. A. Leaf pattern. B. Male flowers. Photograph A in A revision and one new species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) in Northeast India
Fig. 17. Begonia burkillii Dunn. A. Leaf pattern. B. Male flowers. Photograph A courtesy of Aaron Matsumoto and photograph B courtesy of Earl I-Lan of plants in cultivation in private collections.
Molecular assays of pollen use consistently reflect pollinator visitation patterns in a system of flowering plants
<p>Determining how pollinators visit plants versus how they carry and transfer pollen is an ongoing project in pollination ecology. The current tools for identifying the pollens that bees carry have different strengths and weaknesses when used for ecological inference. In this study we use three methods to better understand a system of congeneric, co-flowering plants in the genus <i>Clarkia </i>and their bee pollinators: observations of plant-pollinator contact in the field, and two different molecular methods to estimate the relative abundance of each <i>Clarkia </i>pollen in samples collected from pollinators. We use these methods to investigate if observations of plant-pollinator contact in the field correspond to the pollen bees carry; if individual bees carry <i>Clarkia </i>pollens in predictable ways, based on previous knowledge of their foraging behaviors; and how the three approaches differ for understanding plant-pollinator interactions. We find that observations of plant-pollinator contact are generally predictive of the pollens that bees carry while foraging, and network topologies using the three different methods are statistically indistinguishable from each other. Results from molecular pollen analysis also show that while bees can carry multiple species of <i>Clarkia </i>at the same time, they often carry one species of pollen. Our work contributes to the growing body of literature aimed at resolving how pollinators use floral resources. We suggest our novel relative amplicon quantification method as another tool in the developing molecular ecology and pollination biology toolbox.</p>
Molecular assays of pollen use consistently reflect pollinator visitation patterns in a system of flowering plants
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Integrating floral trait and flowering time distribution patterns help reveal a more dynamic nature of co-flowering community assembly processes
<p>Species' floral traits and flowering times are known to be the major drivers of pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions in diverse co-flowering communities. However, their simultaneous role in mediating plant community assembly and plant-pollinator interactions is still poorly understood. Since not all species flower at the same time, inference of facilitative and competitive interactions based on floral trait distribution patterns should account for fine phenological structure (intensity of flowering overlap) within co-flowering communities. Such an approach may also help reveal the simultaneous action of competitive and facilitative interactions in structuring co-flowering communities.</p> <p>Here we used modularity within a co-flowering network context, as a novel approach to detect convergent and/or over-dispersed patterns in floral trait distribution and pollinator sharing. Specifically, we evaluate differences in floral trait and pollinator distribution patterns within (high temporal flowering overlap) and among co-flowering modules (low temporal flowering overlap). We further evaluate the consistency of observed floral trait and pollinator sharing distribution patterns across space (three geographic regions) and time (dry and rainy seasons).</p> <p>We found that floral trait similarity was significantly higher in plant species within co-flowering modules than in species among them. This suggests pollinator facilitation may lead to floral trait convergence, but only within co-flowering modules. However, our results also revealed seasonal and spatial shifts in the underlying interactions (facilitation or competition) driving co-flowering assembly, suggesting that the prevalent dominant interactions are not static.</p> <p>Synthesis: Overall, we provide strong evidence showing that the use of flowering time and floral trait distribution alone may be insufficient to fully uncover the role of pollinator-mediated interactions in community assembly. Integrating this information along with patterns of pollinator sharing will greatly help reveal the simultaneous action of facilitative and competitive pollinator-mediated interactions in co-flowering communities. The spatial and temporal variation in flowering and trait distribution patterns observed further emphasize the importance of adopting a more dynamic view of community assembly processes.</p>
Exploring spatiotemporal dynamics of flower visitor association pattern on two Avicennia mangroves: A network approach
<p>All the data sets used in the analyses of this study are provided here along with the <strong>R-Script.</strong><br> The datasets for foraging behaviour and Generalized linear mixed models will be provided upon request to the first or corresponding author of this article.</p> <p><strong>Please note that, in this R-script, we have shown the codes only for one dataset of respective analyses.</strong><br> <strong>PLEASE NOTE: In this R-script, there are two minor mistakes, as follows:<br> 1) Line no. 46<br> Present code: </strong><strong>nulls <- nullmodel(I_S.network, N=1000, method=3) ##(3=Vaznull) ## file name mistake<br> Correct code: nulls <- nullmodel(AO_Site, N=1000, method=3) ##(3=Vaznull)</strong></p> <p><strong>2) Line no. 55<br> Present code: AO_Site_V<-AM_Site[,-1] ##Omitting individual coloumn(species) ## file name mistake<br> Correct code: AO_Site_V<-AO_Site[,-1] ##Omitting individual coloumn(species)</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Description of the data set</strong></li> </ul> <p>Data explorers the plant-flower visitor network with spatiotemporal approaches. Here, AM denotes <em>Avicennia marina </em>and AO denotes <em>Avicennia officinalis. </em>For the overall site-visitor network (combining all years and all time frames) datasets are AO_Site and AM_Site.</p> <p>For the overall visiting time-visitor network (combining all years and all sites) the datasets are AO_Time and AM_Time</p> <p>For the site-visitor networks on the yearly scale, the datasets are AO_2016, AO_2017, AO_2018, AM_2016, AM_2017 and AM_2018.</p> <p>For the site-specific visiting time-visitor networks the datasets are AO_Satjelia, AO_Bali, AO_Sagar, AO_Bakkhali, AM_Satjelia, AM_Bali, AM_Sagar and AM_Bakkhali.</p>
Patterns of frequency and density dependence are highly variable in diverse annual flowering plant communities
<p>Applications of ecological theory to natural communities often assume that competitive, negative density-dependent processes are the only type of interaction important for diversity maintenance. Recent advances suggest that positive interactions within trophic levels (e.g. plant-plant) may also affect plant coexistence. Though positive plant-plant interactions theoretically might result in positive or nonmonotonic frequency or density dependence (FD/DD), less is known about how commonly these patterns occur, or which ecological processes might result in such patterns in natural plant communities. In this study, we test for signals of variable frequency and density dependence in annual flowering plant communities in Western Australia and search for evidence that interactions among plants during flowering might induce positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD in flowering plants. Using four common annual wildflower species, we ask if plant fecundity exhibits positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD and if pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering change patterns of FD/DD relative to pollinator-independent plant interactions. Three species exhibited nonmonotonic (hump-shaped) density dependence, and only one species experienced strictly negative density dependence. Each species exhibited a different pattern of frequency dependence (positive, negative, weakly nonmonotonic, and no detectable frequency dependence). Pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering induced both nonmonotonic density dependence and negative frequency dependence in one species. Importantly, the extent of variation in FD/DD observed in our study brings into question the dominance of negative density and frequency dependence in theory, suggesting instead that demographic responses of plants to their communities fall along a continuum of possible density- and frequency-dependent patterns.</p>
Data from: Relative bee abundance varies by collection method and flowering richness: implications for understanding patterns in bee community data
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Data from: Every hue has its fan club: Diverse patterns of color-dependent flower visitation across Lepidoptera
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Patterns of frequency and density dependence are highly variable in diverse annual flowering plant communities
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Integrating floral trait and flowering time distribution patterns help reveal a more dynamic nature of co-flowering community assembly processes
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Data from: The soil microbial community alters patterns of selection on flowering time and fitness related traits in Ipomoea purpurea
Premise of the study <p>Plant flowering time plays an important role in plant fitness and thus evolutionary processes. Soil microbial communities are diverse and have a large impact, both positive and negative, on the host plant. However, owing to few available studies, how the soil microbial community may influence the evolutionary response of plant populations is not well understood. Here we sought to uncover if below-ground microbial communities act as an agent of selection on flowering and growth traits in the common morning glory, <i>Ipomoea purpurea</i>.</p> Methods <p>We performed a controlled greenhouse experiment in which genetic lines of <i>I. purpurea</i> were planted into either sterilized soils, or soils that were sterilized and re-inoculated with the microbial community from original field soil. This allowed us to directly test the influence of alterations to the microbial community on plant growth, flowering, and fitness, as well as assess patterns of selection in both soil microbial environments.</p> Results <p>We found that a more complex soil microbial community resulted in larger plants that produced more flowers. Selection strongly favored earlier flowering when plants were grown in the complex microbial environment than compared to sterilized soil. Additionally, we uncovered a pattern of negative correlational selection on growth rate and flowering time, indicating that selection favored different combinations of growth and flowering traits in the simplified versus complex soil community.</p> Conclusions <p>Together these results suggest the soil microbial community is a selective agent on flowering time and ultimately that soil microbial community influences important plant evolutionary processes.</p>
FIGURE. Euphorbia parvimedusae in cultivation by P.Pavelka (Czech Republic). A. detail of the subterranean branching pattern with caudex; B. young flowering branch; C. habit in cultivation; D. detail of an inflorescence, cyathia with staminate flowers. Credits: R. van Veldhuisen (A–D). in Taxonomic changes and new species in Malagasy Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE. Euphorbia parvimedusae in cultivation by P.Pavelka (Czech Republic). A. detail of the subterranean branching pattern with caudex; B. young flowering branch; C. habit in cultivation; D. detail of an inflorescence, cyathia with staminate flowers. Credits: R. van Veldhuisen (A–D).
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
FIGURE 1. Sapium sceleratum. A. Branch. B–C. Acropetiolar glands. D. Leaf margin. E–F. Leaf shapes and veins pattern. G. Inflorescence base. H. Staminate flower. I in Reinstatement of Sapium sceleratum (Euphorbiaceae), an endemic species from Northeast Brazil, and new circumscription of Sapium argutum
FIGURE 1. Sapium sceleratum. A. Branch. B–C. Acropetiolar glands. D. Leaf margin. E–F. Leaf shapes and veins pattern. G. Inflorescence base. H. Staminate flower. I. Pistillate flower showing calyx covering more than half of the length of the ovary. J. Pistillate sepal. A–C. A. M. Miranda 3273 (HST). D. A. M. Miranda 4214 (HST). E–H. Carvalho Sobrinho et al. 1840 (HVASF).
FIGURE 2. Sapium argutum. A. Branch. B–C. Acropetiolar glands. D. Leaf shape and veins pattern. E–F. Leaf margin. G. Inflorescence apex. H. Inflorescence base. I. Staminate flower. J. Pistillate flower. K. Pistillate sepal. L. Seed. A–L. W. Cordeiro 780 in Reinstatement of Sapium sceleratum (Euphorbiaceae), an endemic species from Northeast Brazil, and new circumscription of Sapium argutum
FIGURE 2. Sapium argutum. A. Branch. B–C. Acropetiolar glands. D. Leaf shape and veins pattern. E–F. Leaf margin. G. Inflorescence apex. H. Inflorescence base. I. Staminate flower. J. Pistillate flower. K. Pistillate sepal. L. Seed. A–L. W. Cordeiro 780 (PEUFR).
FIGURE. Floral asymmetry patterns found in the studied species. Flower with the adaxial petal like a standard in Ch. celiae (A), Ch. megacycla (B), Ch. pachyclada (C), Ch. crenulata (D), Ch. tocantinensis (E), Ch. orbiculata (F). Flower with four slightly elevated flat petals and one asymmetric lower lateral Ch. claussenii. (G). Flower with one of the inner petals small and the other coiled in the androecium in Ch. cercidifolia (H). Flower with adaxial petal and right upper lateral similar in shape and size in the same plane in Ch. cyclophylla (I), Ch. claussenii (J), Ch. rigidifolia (K) e Ch. veadeirana (L). in Taxonomic review of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
FIGURE. Floral asymmetry patterns found in the studied species. Flower with the adaxial petal like a standard in Ch. celiae (A), Ch. megacycla (B), Ch. pachyclada (C), Ch. crenulata (D), Ch. tocantinensis (E), Ch. orbiculata (F). Flower with four slightly elevated flat petals and one asymmetric lower lateral Ch. claussenii. (G). Flower with one of the inner petals small and the other coiled in the androecium in Ch. cercidifolia (H). Flower with adaxial petal and right upper lateral similar in shape and size in the same plane in Ch. cyclophylla (I), Ch. claussenii (J), Ch. rigidifolia (K) e Ch. veadeirana (L).
Data from: Phenotypic integration in flowers of neotropical lianas: diversification of form with stasis of underlying patterns
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The soil microbial community alters patterns of selection on flowering time and fitness‐related traits in Ipomoea purpurea
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Data from: Should we sync? Seascape-level genetic and ecological factors determine seagrass flowering patterns
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Macroevolution of flower color patterning: biased transition rates and correlated evolution with flower size
<p>Floral pigmentation patterns can both mediate plant-pollinator interactions and modify the abiotic environment of reproductive structures. To date there have been no inquiries into the rate and directionality of macroevolutionary transitions between patterned and non-patterned petals despite their ecological importance and ubiquity across angiosperms. Petals in the Potentilleae tribe (Rosaceae) display color patterns in the ultraviolet (UV) and human-visible spectrum, or can be uniform in color (i.e., patternless). Using a phylogeny of Potentilleae, I test whether evolutionary transition rates between patterned and non-patterned petals are biased in either direction. I then examine whether UV and human-visible patterns are phylogenetically correlated and test the prediction that color patterns will evolve in concert with larger flowers if they function as guides to orient pollinators to floral rewards. I found that transition rates were biased toward petals that were uniform in color. Transition rates from patterned to uniformly-colored petals were two and six times higher than the reverse for UV and human-visible pattern, respectively. The presence of UV and human-visible pattern evolved independently from one another. However, the evolution of human-visible pattern was associated with the evolution of larger flowers but the evolution of UV pattern was correlated with the evolution of smaller flowers. I posit that the transition bias towards non-patterned flowers may reflect developmental constraints on spatial regulation of pigments required to produce floral color patterning. The correlated evolution of larger flowers and human-visible pigmentation patterns support the hypothesis that nectar or pollen guides are more likely to evolve in larger-flowered species. This work provides insight into how transition rate bias and trait correlations can shape phylogenetic patterns of floral color pattern diversity.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.