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30 results for “pearl millet”
The Potential of Fragipans in Sustaining Pearl Millet during Drought Periods in North-Central Namiba (dataset)
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Sandy soils with fragipans are usually considered poorly suited for agriculture. However, these soils are cultivated in north-central Namibia as they can secure a minimum harvest during droughts. To understand the hydrological influence of fragipans in these soils, Ehenge, and what makes them valuable, their soil moisture content was measured over a time span of four months. These data were then compared to a deep soil without fragipan, Omutunda, which is more productive during normal years, but less productive during droughts. The results illustrate that the combination of sandy topsoil and shallow fragipan has beneficial effects on plant available water during dry periods, because of three reasons: (i) The high infiltration rate in the sandy topsoil, (ii) the prevention of deep drainage of water by the fragipan, and (iii) the limited evaporation losses through the capillary rise in the sand. The results also confirm the disadvantages of Ehenge during wet periods.</p> <p><strong>Description of Dataset</strong></p> <p>The dataset comprises a .pdf-file with a detailed data description, seven .csv-files (relevant datasets), and two txt-files with the R-code to produce the relevant Figures 4 and 5 from the paper “The Potential of Fragipans in Sustaining Pearl Millet during Drought Periods in North-Central Namibia” by Prudat et al. 2021.</p> <p><strong>File description<br> Rainfall.csv</strong>: daily rainfall in mm at two locations (<em>Omutunda</em> & <em>Ehenge</em>)<br> <strong>NDOB13_ehenge.csv/ NDOB13_omutunda.csv</strong>: soil temperature and soil moisture per minute<br> <strong>NDOB13_ehenge_daily.csv/ NDOB13_omutunda_daily.csv</strong>: soil temperature and volumetric soil moisture content (θ<sub>TDR</sub>) aggregated per day using the arithmetic mean<br> <strong>NDOB13_ehenge_RASW_daily.csv/ NDOB13_omutunda_RASW_daily.csv</strong>: The relative available soil water (RASW) was calculated based on the measured plant available water,</p> <p><strong>Scripts</strong><br> (1) <strong>RASW_rainfall_daily</strong>: Script to calculate and plot the relative available soil water (RASW) at the two stations and the rainfall<br> (2) <strong>Max_soil_surface_temperature</strong>: Script to calculate and plot the maximum soil surface temperature at the two stations</p> <p> </p><p><strong>References</strong></p> <p></p> <p>Cobos, D., Campbell, C., 2007. Correcting temperature sensitivity of ECH2O soil moisture sensors. Decagon Devices Pullman WA.</p> <p>Hillel, D., 1998. Environmental soil physics: Fundamentals, applications, and environmental considerations. Academic press.</p>
Seedball technology counterbalances the effect of small seed-size and low soil nutrients on early pearl millet seedling performance
<p>In the African Sahel region, pearl millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em> (L). R. Brown) is often produced in low-nutrient soils. Seed weight could vary between 4 and 44 mg per seed. Evidence shows chemically infertile soil and small seed size significantly reduce seedling establishment and, in turn, cause low grain yield. Seedball technology can potentially counterbalance this effect. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seedball on pearl millet seedling establishment. Conventionally sown and seedball-derived pearl millet seedlings of a local and an improved varieties were grown for 29 days from small and large seed sizes, in low- and medium-nutrient soils at a greenhouse of University of Hohenheim, Germany. Results showed that under low-nutrient conditions and with small seed sizes produced biomass was generally inferior to the other factor combinations. Seedball technology significantly enhanced seedling vigour, leaf number, plant height, dry matter, root length as well as fine root development, and nutrient uptake irrespective of soil nutrient level and seed size. These enhancement effects were more obvious in the local variety. A previous study revealed “early nutrient release in the seedling root zone” as seedball pearl millet seedling enhancement mechanism. The released nutrients presumably compensated for nutrient deficiency in low-nutrient soil and small seed seedlings. In the Sahelian pearl millet production system where (i) low soil nutrients, (ii) small seed sizes and (iii) local seed varieties are rampant, the application of the seedball technology under these conditions is proven effective for increased seedling vigour and is therefore recommended.</p>
Phenotypic dataset from early- and late-flowering pearl millet landraces
<p>This phenotypic database is used for phenotype-genotype association analyses in early- and late-flowering pearl millet landraces in Senegal. Data are generated from three field experiments performed in the 2016 rainy season in Senegal and in 2017 in both Niger and Senegal. In Senegal, trials were conducted at the<em> </em>Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA) field station in Bambey (14°70′N, -16°47’W). In Niger, the trial was conducted at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) field station in Sadoré (13°14′N, 2°17′E). The trials included three repetitions fully randomized. Eight and 10 individuals per accession for each repetition were sown in Niger and Senegal, respectively. Spacing between each hill was 0.9 m × 0.9 m in the Bambey trial, and 1 m × 0.8 m in the Sadoré trial. To avoid side effects, two rows of cultivated pearl millet were used to border the plots. The sowing dates were 2 August 2016, 21 July 2017 in Bambey and 17 July 2017 in Sadoré. The trials were conducted under rainfall conditions with supplementary sprinkler irrigation when necessary. The Eperon fungicide (3.88% metalaxyl-M + 64% mancozeb) was used at the seedling stage to prevent mildew attacks. Thinning was done to two plants per hill two weeks after sowing. All trials were fertilized using the micro-dosing technique (6 g NPK – 15–15–15/hill, corresponding to 93 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) applied at planting, followed by a 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> urea topdressing after thinning. A total of 9,290 plants were phenotyped for 11 traits associated with plant morphology and fitness: heading date (i.e. number of days from sowing to heading), main stem length, main stem diameter, main panicle length, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, total seed weight and 1,000 seed weight of the main panicle, total number of tillers and total number of productive and non-productive tillers. For each repetition, the mean trait value was calculated from 6.5 individuals on average after elimination of the minimal and maximal measures.</p>
Fig. 1 in Insect incidence and damage on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under various nitrogen regimes in Alabama
Fig. 1. Number (log 10) of insects per plot on pearl millet under 4 nitrogen rates.
Fig. 2 in Insect incidence and damage on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under various nitrogen regimes in Alabama
Fig. 2. Number (log 10) of different insects per plot on 4 pearl millet genotypes.
Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
<p><span>Seedling root traits impact plant establishment under challenging environments. Pearl millet is one of the most heat- and drought-tolerant cereal crops that provides a vital food source across the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Pearl millet's early root system features a single fast-growing primary root which we hypothesize is an adaptation to the Sahelian climate. Using crop modelling, we demonstrate that early drought stress is an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel where pearl millet was domesticated. Furthermore, we show that increased pearl millet primary root growth is correlated with increased early water stress tolerance in field conditions. Genetics including GWAS and QTL approaches identify genomic regions controlling this key root trait. Combining gene expression data, re-sequencing and re-annotation of one of these genomic regions identified a glutaredoxin-encoding gene <em>PgGRXC9</em> as the candidate stress resilience root growth regulator. Functional characterization of its closest <em>Arabidopsis</em> homolog <em>AtROXY19</em> revealed a novel role for this glutaredoxin (GRX) gene clade in regulating cell elongation. In summary, our study suggests a conserved function for GRX genes in conferring root cell elongation and enhancing resilience of pearl millet to its Sahelian environment. </span></p>
Effect of Iron/Zinc-Biofortified Pearl Millet on Growth and Immunity in Children Aged 12-18 Months in India
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02233764. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Myosin XI is associated with fitness and adaptation to aridity in wild pearl millet
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Chromosome-level assembly of two pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus) genomes, functional annotation and transcriptomes
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Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
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Feeding Trial of Bio-fortified Pearl Millet
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02152150. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Zinc and Iron Bioavailability From Biofortified Pearl Millet
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01783067. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 2.
Data from: Inference of domestication history and differentiation between early- and late-flowering varieties in pearl millet
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Data from: Pearl millet and cowpea intercrop response to applied nutrients in West Africa
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Data from: Past and present dynamics of sorghum and pearl millet diversity in Mount Kenya region
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Data from: Genome scan reveals selection acting on genes linked to stress response in wild pearl millet
Uncovering genomic regions involved in adaption is a major goal in evolutionary biology. High-throughput sequencing now makes it possible to tackle this challenge in nonmodel species. Yet, despite the increasing number of methods targeted to specifically detect genomic footprints of selection, the complex demography of natural populations often causes high rates of false positive in gene discoveries. The aim of this study was to identify climate adaptations in wild pearl millet populations, Cenchrus americanus ssp. monodii. We focused on two climate gradients, one in Mali and one in Niger. We used a two-step strategy to limit false-positive outliers. First, we considered gradients as biological replicates and performed RNA sequencing of four populations at the extremities. We combined four methods—three based on differentiation among populations and one based on diversity patterns within populations—to identify outlier SNPs from a set of 87 218 high-quality SNPs. Among 11 155 contigs of pearl millet reference transcriptome, 540 exhibited selection signals as evidenced by at least one of the four methods. In a second step, we genotyped 762 samples in 11 additional populations distributed along the gradients using SNPs from the detected contigs and random SNPs as control. We further assessed selection on this large data set using a differentiation-based method and a method based on correlations with environmental variables based. Four contigs displayed consistent signatures between the four extreme and 11 additional populations, two of which were linked to abiotic and biotic stress responses.
Data from: Population genomics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.): comparative analysis of global accessions and Senegalese landraces
Background: Pearl millet is a staple food for people in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and South Asia due to its high drought tolerance and nutritional qualities. A better understanding of the genomic diversity and population structure of pearl millet germplasm is needed to support germplasm conservation and genetic improvement of this crop. Here we characterized two pearl millet diversity panels, (i) a set of global accessions from Africa, Asia, and the America, and (ii) a collection of landraces from multiple agro-ecological zones in Senegal. Results: We identified 83,875 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 500 pearl millet accessions, comprised of 252 global accessions and 248 Senegalese landraces, using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of PstI-MspI reduced representation libraries. We used these SNPs to characterize genomic diversity and population structure among the accessions. The Senegalese landraces had the highest levels of genetic diversity (π), while accessions from southern Africa and Asia showed lower diversity levels. Principal component analyses and ancestry estimation indicated clear population structure between the Senegalese landraces and the global accessions, and among countries in the global accessions. In contrast, little population structure was observed across in the Senegalese landraces collections. We ordered SNPs on the pearl millet genetic map and observed much faster linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay in Senegalese landraces compared to global accessions. A comparison of pearl millet GBS linkage map with the foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genomes indicated extensive regions of synteny, as well as some large-scale rearrangements in the pearl millet lineage. Conclusions: We identified 83,875 SNPs as a genomic resource for pearl millet improvement. The high genetic diversity in Senegal relative to other regions of Africa and Asia supports a West African origin of this crop, followed by wide diffusion. The rapid LD decay and lack of confounding population structure along agro-ecological zones in Senegalese pearl millet will facilitate future association mapping studies. Comparative population genomics will provide insights into panicoid crop evolution and support improvement of these climate-resilient crops.
Data from: Genome scan reveals selection acting on genes linked to stress response in wild pearl millet
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Data from: Population genomics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.): comparative analysis of global accessions and Senegalese landraces
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Data from: Polymorphism pattern at a Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Element locus downstream of the domestication gene Teosinte-branched1 in wild and domesticated pearl millet
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