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2 results for “peat decomposition”
Cellulose, Peat, and Mixed Vegetation in situ Decomposition in a Fen Exposed to Increasing Nitrogen Treatments, 2012-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). We examined the effects of N addition on cellulose, peat, and mixed vegetation placed in the fen from 2012-2015 and collected after 5 and 17 months. Decomposition of cellulose filter paper increased with increasing N addition; the slopes of the responses did not differ between years, although decomposition was faster for filter paper placed in the field in 2014 than in either 2012 or 2013. In contrast, decomposition of Sphagnum moss was unaffected by N addition. Vascular plant litter decomposition decreased with N addition in 2015, but not 2014, Water addition alone had no significant effect on cellulose decomposition k values in any of the three years (p > 0.26) or on vascular plant litter mass in either year (p = 0.81). However, Sphagnum mass loss was significantly higher in the control treatment than in 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 treatment (p = 0.0046) averaged over the two years of decomposition. Assessment of decomposition and its controls may be especially important in peatlands, as the development and persistence of peat depends on an excess of NPP over decomposition throughout the peat profile. There is evidence that increasing N deposition/availability stimulates cellulose decomposition in surface fen peat, as we found previously at Mariana Lake Bog, however, bog material decomposition appears to be more complicated.
Organochemical Characterization of Peat Reveals Decomposition of Specific Hemicellulose Structures as the Main Cause of Organic Matter Loss in the Acrotelm
<p>Peatlands store carbon in the form of dead organic residues. Climate change and human impact impose risks on the sustainability of the peatlands carbon balance due to increased peat decomposition. Here, we investigated molecular changes in the upper peat layers (0–40 cm), inferred from high-resolution vertical depth profiles, from a boreal peatland using two-dimensional <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and comparison to δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N, and carbon and nitrogen content. Effects of hydrological conditions were investigated at respective sites: natural moist, drainage ditch, and natural dry. The molecular characterization revealed preferential degradation of specific side-chain linkages of xylan-type hemicelluloses within 0–14 cm at all sites, indicating organic matter losses up to 25%. In contrast, the xylan backbone, galactomannan-type hemicelluloses, and cellulose were more resistant to degradation and accumulated at the natural moist and drainage site. δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N, and carbon and nitrogen content did not correlate with specific hemicellulose structures but reflected changes in total carbohydrates. Our analysis provides novel insights into peat carbohydrate decomposition and indicates substantial organic matter losses in the acrotelm due to the degradation of specific hemicellulose structures. This suggests that variations in hemicellulose content and structure influence peat stability, which may have important implications with respect to climate change.</p>
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