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20 results for “phasmids”
Рис. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (самка): А — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа; Б — поΛовая система; В — переΔний конец теΛа; Г — хвост; À — фрагмент кутикуΛы с боковым поΛем бп — боковое поΛе, да — ΔробиΛьный аппарат, в — вуΛьва, зм — заΔняя матка, кб — карΔиаΛьный буΛьбус, кск — кΛетки среΔней кишки, нк — нервное коΛьцо, пм — переΔняя матка, р — ректум, рт — ренетта, с — сперма, ск — среΔняя кишка, сп — семяприемник, ф — фазмиΔы, хс — хейΛостома, эп — экскреторная пора, я — яичник Fig. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (female): A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — the reproductive system; C — the front end of the body; G — the tail; D — fragment of the cuticle with a side field бп — side field, да — crushing apparatus, в — vulva, зм — posterior uterus, кб — cardial bulb, кск — cells of the mid-intestine, нк — nerve ring, пм — anterior uterus, р — rectum, рт — renetta с — sperm, ск — mid-intestin, сп — seminal receptacle, ф — phasmids, хс — cheilostoma, эп — excretory pore, я — ovary in A New Species Sp. Nov. (Nematoda, Cephalobidae) From Primorsky Region (Russia)
Рис. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (самка): А — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа; Б — поΛовая система; В — переΔний конец теΛа; Г — хвост; À — фрагмент кутикуΛы с боковым поΛем бп — боковое поΛе, да — ΔробиΛьный аппарат, в — вуΛьва, зм — заΔняя матка, кб — карΔиаΛьный буΛьбус, кск — кΛетки среΔней кишки, нк — нервное коΛьцо, пм — переΔняя матка, р — ректум, рт — ренетта, с — сперма, ск — среΔняя кишка, сп — семяприемник, ф — фазмиΔы, хс — хейΛостома, эп — экскреторная пора, я — яичник Fig. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (female): A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — the reproductive system; C — the front end of the body; G — the tail; D — fragment of the cuticle with a side field бп — side field, да — crushing apparatus, в — vulva, зм — posterior uterus, кб — cardial bulb, кск — cells of the mid-intestine, нк — nerve ring, пм — anterior uterus, р — rectum, рт — renetta с — sperm, ск — mid-intestin, сп — seminal receptacle, ф — phasmids, хс — cheilostoma, эп — excretory pore, я — ovary
Рис. 1. Mukhina orientalis sp. nov. (самка): А — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа; Б — генитаΛьнокауΔаΛьный отΔеΛ теΛа; В — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа второй самки; Г — переΔний конец теΛа; À — хвост второй самки бп — боковое поΛе, да — ΔробиΛьный аппарат, в — вуΛьва, зм — заΔняя матка, кб — карΔиаΛьный буΛьбус, нк — нервное коΛьцо, пм — переΔняя матка, р — ректум, рт — ренетта, ск — среΔняя кишка, скλ — скΛероции кутикуΛы, сп — семяприемник, ф — фазмиΔы, хс — хейΛостома, эп — экскреторная пора, я — яичник Fig. 1. Mukhina orientalis sp. nov. (female): A — trophic-sensory part of the body; Б — genitalcaudal part of the body; В — trophic-sensory part of the body of the second female; Г — front end of the body; À — tail of the second female бп — side field, да — crushing apparatus, в — vulva, зм — posterior uterus, кб — cardial bulb, нк — nerve ring, пм — anterior uterus, р — rectum, ск — mid-intestine, скλ — sclerotic cuticle, сп — seminal receptacle, ф — phasmids, хс — cheilostoma, эп — excretory pore, я — ovary in A New Species Sp. Nov. (Nematoda, Cephalobidae) From Primorsky Region (Russia)
Рис. 1. Mukhina orientalis sp. nov. (самка): А — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа; Б — генитаΛьнокауΔаΛьный отΔеΛ теΛа; В — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа второй самки; Г — переΔний конец теΛа; À — хвост второй самки бп — боковое поΛе, да — ΔробиΛьный аппарат, в — вуΛьва, зм — заΔняя матка, кб — карΔиаΛьный буΛьбус, нк — нервное коΛьцо, пм — переΔняя матка, р — ректум, рт — ренетта, ск — среΔняя кишка, скλ — скΛероции кутикуΛы, сп — семяприемник, ф — фазмиΔы, хс — хейΛостома, эп — экскреторная пора, я — яичник Fig. 1. Mukhina orientalis sp. nov. (female): A — trophic-sensory part of the body; Б — genitalcaudal part of the body; В — trophic-sensory part of the body of the second female; Г — front end of the body; À — tail of the second female бп — side field, да — crushing apparatus, в — vulva, зм — posterior uterus, кб — cardial bulb, нк — nerve ring, пм — anterior uterus, р — rectum, ск — mid-intestine, скλ — sclerotic cuticle, сп — seminal receptacle, ф — phasmids, хс — cheilostoma, эп — excretory pore, я — ovary
Рис. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — трофико-сенсорый и трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛы теΛа; B — хвост; C — трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛ теΛа; D — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; E, F — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, va — вагина, g — гемизониΑ, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, ve — «жеΛуΑочек», pr — преректум,r — ренетта, f — фазмиΑа,ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник, e — яйцо Fig. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — trophic-sensory and trophic-reproductive parts of the body; B — tail; C — trophic-reproductive part of the body; D — fragment of the body with a side field; E, F — anterior end of the body. am — amphid, lf — lateral field; v — vulva; va — vagina; g — gemizonid; cc — cephalic capsule; ve — "ventricle"; pr — prerectum; r — renetta; f — phasmids, ep — excretory pore; o — ovary; e — egg in Recent data on soil nematodes of the families Teratocephalidae and Metateratocephalidae from Primorsky Region, Russia
Рис. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — трофико-сенсорый и трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛы теΛа; B — хвост; C — трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛ теΛа; D — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; E, F — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, va — вагина, g — гемизониΑ, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, ve — «жеΛуΑочек», pr — преректум,r — ренетта, f — фазмиΑа,ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник, e — яйцо Fig. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — trophic-sensory and trophic-reproductive parts of the body; B — tail; C — trophic-reproductive part of the body; D — fragment of the body with a side field; E, F — anterior end of the body. am — amphid, lf — lateral field; v — vulva; va — vagina; g — gemizonid; cc — cephalic capsule; ve — "ventricle"; pr — prerectum; r — renetta; f — phasmids, ep — excretory pore; o — ovary; e — egg
Linked collectors and determiners for: Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea III: Catalogue of the phasmids of Hainan Island, China, with descriptions of one new genus, one new species and two new subspecies and proposals of three new combinations.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea III: Catalogue of the phasmids of Hainan Island, China, with descriptions of one new genus, one new species and two new subspecies and proposals of three new combinations". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/3e762628-3d93-4f02-8516-230939876695">https://bionomia.net/dataset/3e762628-3d93-4f02-8516-230939876695</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/3e762628-3d93-4f02-8516-230939876695">https://gbif.org/dataset/3e762628-3d93-4f02-8516-230939876695</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 1 in Feeding Preferences Of Phasmids (Insecta: Phasmida) In A Bornean Dipterocarp Forest
Fig. 1. Dietary preferences of Haaniella echinata, other flightless species (pooled) and flying phasmid species (pooled) for different leaf age of six species of trees. Boxplots show the proportion of dry mass consumed from old leaves in relation to total consumption (consumption of old leaves / consumption both young and old leaves) in dual-choice tests (median, quantile, range). Values above 0.5 indicate preference for old leaves. The number of phasmid individuals is provided to the right of each bar.
Fig. 2 in Feeding Preferences Of Phasmids (Insecta: Phasmida) In A Bornean Dipterocarp Forest
Fig. 2. Leaf age preferences between saplings and an old growth canopy tree of the dipterocarp Dryobalanops lanceolata (c = canopy, s =sapling, y = young, o = old). Proportions of consumption of old leaves and canopy leaves were calculated in relation to total consumption. Values above 0.5 indicate preference for old or canopy leaves, respectively. The number of phasmid individuals is provided to the right of each bar.
Data from: Could adult or juvenile dispersal shape geographical parthenogenesis? Evidence from the facultatively parthenogenetic phasmid Megacrania batesii
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FIGURES 25–28 in Brockphasma spinifemoralis gen. et spec. nov.: a new phasmid genus and new species of Neohiraseini (Phasmida: Necrosciinae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 25–28. Brockphasma spinifemoralis gen. et spec. nov., in situ, distribution map and habitat. 25, distribution map. 26, adult pair on fern at night time. 27, adult pair camouflaged on tree fern at day time. 28, habitat of the species at Bach Ma National Park (photographs by J. Constant).
FIGURES 12–24 in Brockphasma spinifemoralis gen. et spec. nov.: a new phasmid genus and new species of Neohiraseini (Phasmida: Necrosciinae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 12–24. Brockphasma spinifemoralis gen. et spec. nov., captive reared adults and nymph, and eggs. 12, egg: dorsal view. 13, eggs: different views. 14, first instar nymph: dorsal view. 15, first instar nymph: lateral view. 16, subadult male. 17, ♂: dorsal view. 18, ♂: lateral view. 19, ♂: ventral view. 20, mating pair: dorsal view. 21, mating pair: lateral view. 22, ♀ green form: dorsal view. 23, ♀: lateral view. 24, ♀: ventral view (photographs by Bruno Kneubühler).
FIGURES 7–11 in Brockphasma spinifemoralis gen. et spec. nov.: a new phasmid genus and new species of Neohiraseini (Phasmida: Necrosciinae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 7–11. Brockphasma spinifemoralis gen. et spec. nov., apices of abdomen. 7, ♂: apex of abdomen, dorsal view (scale bar = 5 mm). 8, ♂: apex of abdomen, lateral view (scale bar = 5 mm). 9, ♂: vomer, ventral view (scale bar = 1 mm). 10, ♀: apex of abdomen, dorsal view (scale bar = 5 mm). 11, ♀: apex of abdomen, lateral view (scale bar = 5 mm). (drawings by G. W. C. Ho)
Macroevolutionary analyses provide new evidence of phasmid wings evolution as a reversible process
<p>The concept that complex ancestral traits can never be re-acquired after their loss is still widely accepted, despite phylogenetic and molecular approaches suggesting instances where phenotypes may have been lost throughout the evolutionary history of a clade and subsequently reverted back in derived lineages. One of the first and most notable examples of such a process is wing evolution in phasmids; this polyneopteran order of insects, which comprises stick and leaf insects, has played a central role in initiating a long-standing debate on the topic. In this study, a novel and comprehensive time tree including over 300 Phasmatodea species is used as a framework for investigating wing evolutionary patterns in the clade. Despite accounting for several possible biases and sources of uncertainty, macroevolutionary analyses consistently revealed multiple reversals to winged states taking place after their loss, and reversibility is coupled with higher species diversification rates. Our findings support a loss of or reduction in wings that occurred in the lineage leading to the extant phasmid most recent common ancestor, and brachyptery is inferred to be an unstable state unless co-opted for nonaerodynamic adaptations. We also explored how different assumptions of wing reversals probability could impact their inference: we found that until reversals are assumed to be over 30 times more unlikely than losses, they are consistently inferred despite uncertainty in tree and model parameters. Our findings demonstrate that wing evolution is a reversible and dynamic process in phasmids and contribute to our understanding of complex trait evolution.</p>
FIGURES 6–9 in A report on Sipyloidea stigmata Redtenbacher (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae) as the first phasmid crop pest in India and its redescription
FIGURES 6–9. Sipyloidea stigmata, male: 6. head, lateral view; 7. mesonotum, dorsal view; 8. apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 9. apex of abdomen, lateral view.
FIGURES 3–5 in A report on Sipyloidea stigmata Redtenbacher (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae) as the first phasmid crop pest in India and its redescription
FIGURES 3–5. Sipyloidea stigmata, female: 3. mesonotum, dorsal view; 4. apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 5. apex of abdomen, lateral view.
Macroevolutionary analyses provide new evidence of phasmid wings evolution as a reversible process
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Data from: Multifractal evidence of nonlinear interactions stabilizing posture for phasmids in windy conditions: a reanalysis of insect postural-sway data
The present work is a reanalysis of prior work documenting postural sway in phasmids (i.e., "stick insects") [1]. The prior work pursued the possibility that postural sway was an evolutionary adaptation supporting motion camouflage to avoid the attention of predators. For instance, swaying along with leaves blown by the wind might reduce the likelihood of standing out to a predator. The present work addresses the alternative—but by no means conflicting and perhaps more explanatory—proposal that phasmid postural sway carries evidence of the tensegrity-like structures allowing postural stabilization under wind-like stimulation. Tensegrity structures are prestressed architectures embodying nonlinear interactions across scales of space and time that provide context-sensitive responses faster than neural tissue can support. Multifractal modeling of the postural-displacement series initially recorded in [1] offers a metric equally effective for quantifying complexity of phasmid postural sway under wind stimulation as for quantifying complexity of human postural sway [2-7]. Furthermore, multifractal modeling offers a means to demonstrate empirically the nonlinear interactions across space and time scales in body-wide coordination that tensegrity-based hypotheses predict. Specifically, multifractal modeling allows diagnosing the strength and direction of nonlinear interactions across time scale as the difference between multifractal estimates for the original postural-displacement series and for a sample of best-fitting linear models of the series. The reduction of postural sway directly following the application of wind stimulus appears as a significant decrease in the multifractal structure for original postural-displacement series as compared to best-fitting linear models of those series. This decrease indicates the capacity for nonlinear interactions across time scale to constrict variability, which is an aspect of nonlinear dynamics often overshadowed by the possibility that nonlinearity can produce more variability. This work offers the longer-range opportunity that multifractal modeling could provide a common language within which to coordinate behavioral sciences across a wide range of species.
FIGURES 1–2 in A report on Sipyloidea stigmata Redtenbacher (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae) as the first phasmid crop pest in India and its redescription
FIGURES 1–2. Sipyloidea stigmata: 1. female, 2. male.
FIGURES 10–12. Sipyloidea stigmata, egg. 10 in A report on Sipyloidea stigmata Redtenbacher (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae) as the first phasmid crop pest in India and its redescription
FIGURES 10–12. Sipyloidea stigmata, egg. 10. dorsal view; 11. lateral view; 12. operculum.
Data from: Multifractal evidence of nonlinear interactions stabilizing posture for phasmids in windy conditions: a reanalysis of insect postural-sway data
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Figure 2. Oscheius siddiqii Tabassum and Shahina, 2016 (light microscopy). A: Neck (black arrow pointing the excretory pore and white arrow pointing the hemizonid); B, E: Anterior end; C: Entire female; D: Entire male; F: Male tail end (arrows pointing phasmids); G, H: Female posterior end (arrow pointing the phasmid); I: Male posterior end (black arrows pointing genital papillae, GP, white arrows pointing phasmids, ph).
<p>Morphological, morphometrical and molecular characterization of <em>Oscheius siddiqii</em> Tabassum and Shahina 2010 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India with its taxonomic consequences for the subgenus <em>Oscheius</em> Andrássy, 1976.</p>
Figure 4. Oscheius siddiqii Tabassum and Shahina, 2016 (scanning electron microscopy). A, B, D: Lip region in lateral (A, B) and frontal (D) views (arrows pointing the amphids); C: Female posterior end (arrow pointing the phasmid); E: Excretory pore (arrow); F, G, H: Vulva; I: Lateral field (arrows pointing the longitudinal incisures); J, K: Male posterior end in right lateral, subventral and ventral views, respectively (black arrows pointing the phasmids, ph, white arrow pointing the filiform part of tail); M: Spicules' tips.
<p>Morphological, morphometrical and molecular characterization of <em>Oscheius siddiqii</em> Tabassum and Shahina 2010 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India with its taxonomic consequences for the subgenus <em>Oscheius</em> Andrássy, 1976.</p>
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