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60 results for “phenolic acid”
Stability Increase of Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase by a Combination of Protein and Solvent Engineering Unlocks Applications at Elevated Temperatures
<p>Enzymatic decarboxylation of biobased hydroxycinnamic acids gives access to phenolic styrenes for adhesive production. Phenolic acid decarboxylases are proficient enzymes that have been applied in aqueous systems, organic solvents, biphasic systems, and deep eutectic solvents, which makes stability a key feature. Stabilization of the enzyme would increase the total turnover number and thus reduce the energy consumption and waste accumulation associated with biocatalyst production. In this study, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction to generate thermostable decarboxylases. Investigation of a set of 16 ancestors resulted in the identification of a variant with an unfolding temperature of 78.1 °C and a half-life time of 45 h at 60 °C. Crystal structures were determined for three selected ancestors. Structural attributes were calculated to fit different regression models for predicting the thermal stability of variants that have not yet been experimentally explored. The models rely on hydrophobic clusters, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and surface properties and can identify more stable proteins out of a pool of candidates. Further stabilization was achieved by the application of mixtures of natural deep eutectic solvents and buffers. Our approach is a straightforward option for enhancing the industrial application of the decarboxylation process.</p>
Relationship between decay resistance and moisture properties in wood modified with phenol formaldehyde and sorbitol-citric acid
<p>This dataset contains measurement data from the following publication: Belt, T.; Kyyrö, S.; Kilpinen, A. T. (2023) Relationship between decay resistance and moisture properties in wood modified with phenol formaldehyde and sorbitol-citric acid. Journal of Materials Science, 10.1007/s10853-023-08874-w. Small samples of Scots pine sapwood were modified using different concentrations of phenol formaldehyde (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 30% resin solids content) and sorbitol-citric acid (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% resin solids content) and then exposed to brown rot decay by <em>Coniophora puteana</em> and <em>Rhodonia placenta</em>. Sample masses and dimensions were measured at different points to determine their weight gain, anti-swelling efficiency and moisture exclusion efficiency due to modification, their mass loss due to decay and their moisture content at the end of the decay test. Fluorescence images were collected from decayed and control samples after the decay test. Further details on the experimental procedures can be found in the publication. </p> <p>The "Sample IDs and measurement data.csv" -file contains the sample IDs and all measured dimensions and mass data for every sample. Areas A<sub>dry0</sub>, Ad<sub>ry1</sub>, A<sub>wet</sub>, and A<sub>dry2</sub> are the cross-sectional areas of the samples in the dry state before modification, in the dry state after modification and before leaching, in the wet state during leaching, and in the dry state after leaching, respectively. Masses m<sub>dry0</sub>, m<sub>dry1</sub>, m<sub>dry2</sub>, m<sub>RH85</sub>, m<sub>wet</sub>, and m<sub>dry3</sub> are the masses of the samples in the dry state before modification, in the dry state after modification and before leaching, in the dry state after leaching, in the conditioned state at RH 85%, in the wet state at the end of the decay test, and in the dry state after the decay test, respectively.</p> <p>The "Fluorescence images" -folder contains fluorescence images collected from the samples. The image files are named according to the ID of the imaged sample, followed by additional tags. The samples modified using phenol formaldehyde were imaged using both green and UV excitation, and the file names contain the tag "green" or "UV" to denote the used excitation wavelengths. For all samples, the sample ID (and the excitation tag) are followed by a number to differentiate replicate images collected from the sample. </p>
supplementary data about Extraction, Isolation and Structure elucidation of Two Phenolic acids from Aerial parts of Celery and Coriander.
<p>supplementary data about Extraction, Isolation and Structure elucidation of Two Phenolic acids from Aerial parts of Celery and Coriander.</p> <p><br> caffiec acid nmr 2.pdf <br> supplementary data.docx</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/52908924-99c6-4a2c-8047-ef7131714205/p%20coumaric%20acid%20nmr%202.pdf">p coumaric acid nmr 2.pdf</a></p>
Figure 5 in Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Figure 5. Scatterplot matrix shows the correlation between palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid in a- Spirogyra sp. b- Spirulina sp. c- Chara sp. d- Chlorella sp.
Figure 3 in Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Figure 3. The distribution of DPPH and total phenol shows the same across categories of Treatment, Independent-Samples KruskalWallis Test and rejects the hypothesis on the base of Null Hypothesis with highly significant levels. A- Spirogyra sp., b-Spirulina sp. c- Chlorell sp. a d- Chara sp.
Figure 1 in Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Figure 1. Morphology of Algal genera isolated from Erbil City (a-Spirogyra, b-Spirulina, C-Chlorella d- Chara).
Spectrophotometric and Fluorimetric High-Throughput Assays for Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase
<p>Biocatalytic decarboxylation of hydroxycinnamic acids yields phenolic styrenes, which are important precursors for antioxidants, epoxy coatings, adhesives and other polymeric materials. <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> decarboxylase (<em>Bs</em>PAD) is a cofactor-independent enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of carbon dioxide from <em>p</em>-coumaric-, caffeic-, and ferulic acid with high catalytic efficiency. Real-time spectroscopic assays for decarboxylase reactions remove the necessity of extensive sample workup, which is required for HPLC, mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, or NMR methods. This work presents two robust and sensitive assays based on photometry and fluorimetry that allow decarboxylation reactions to be followed with high sensitivity while avoiding product extraction and long analysis times. Optimized assay procedures were used to measure <em>Bs</em>PAD activity in cell lysates and to determine the kinetic constants (<em>K</em><sub>M</sub> and <em>V</em><sub>max</sub>) of the purified enzyme for <em>p</em>-coumaric-, caffeic- and ferulic acid. Substrate inhibition was shown for caffeic acid.</p>
Figure 2 in Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Figure 2. Total phenolic content (mg/g) extracted from algal isolates.
Figure 4 in Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Figure 4. Chemical composition of fatty acid in algae obtained by HPLC.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrolysis of Biaryl Oxazepines for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Amino Phenol Derivatives
<p>This folder /DFT_structures/ contains the DFT-optimized geometries (in .xyz format together with the gas-phase energy, E) accompanying the paper</p> <p>"Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrolysis of Biaryl Oxazepines for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Amino Phenol Derivatives"</p> <p>Where conformers occur, they are always named from the lowest Gibbs energy to the highest in ascending order from c1 (sometimes omitted), c2, c3, ...</p> <p>This folder contains the following sub-folders:</p> <p>- /irc_movies/ contains movies of the IRC analyses for the rotational barrier TSs;</p> <p>- /structures/ contains the DFT-optimized structures</p>
Phenolic compounds and Aromatic acids emission factors
<p>Primary and secondary emission data of phenolic compounds and Aromatic acids from different fuels combustion.</p>
Fig. 7. A in MAPKK2/4/5/7-MAPK3-JAZs modulate phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Fig. 7. A proposed model for the roles of SmMAPK3 in S. miltiorrhiza phenolic acid biosynthesis. Model illustrating the roles of SmMAPK3 in S. miltiorrhiza phenolic acid biosynthesis.
Fig. 6 in MAPKK2/4/5/7-MAPK3-JAZs modulate phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Fig. 6. Protein–protein interaction of SmMAPK3 with JA signaling members. Y2H (A) and LCI (B–C) assays to detect the interactions of SmMAPK3 with JAZs.
Fig. 5 in MAPKK2/4/5/7-MAPK3-JAZs modulate phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Fig. 5. Protein–protein interaction between SmMAPKKs and SmMAPK3. Y2H (A) and LCI (B–D) assays to detect upstream proteins of SmMAPK3.
Fig. 4 in MAPKK2/4/5/7-MAPK3-JAZs modulate phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Fig. 4. Overexpression of SmMAPK3 affects phenolic acid biosynthesis and the expression of biosynthetic genes in S. miltiorrhiza. (A) Relative quantitative analysis of SmMAPK3 expression in the transgenic lines and controls. *** indicates significant differences between OM and the control (P <0.001, Student's t-test). (B) Analysis of phenolic acid production from OE. (C–J) Relative expression levels of genes involved in phenolic acid biosynthesis in the OE lines.
Fig. 3 in MAPKK2/4/5/7-MAPK3-JAZs modulate phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Fig. 3. Tissue-specific expression analysis and elicitors-induced analysis of SmMAPK3 in S. miltiorrhiza. (A) Tissue-specific expression of SmMAPK3; the expression levels were normalized to values from roots. (B) SA-induced analysis of SmMAPK3. (C) MeJA-induced analysis of SmMAPK3.
Fig. 1 in MAPKK2/4/5/7-MAPK3-JAZs modulate phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Fig. 1. Identification and autophosphorylation of SmMAPK3 in S. miltiorrhiza. (A) Amplication of SmMAPK3 from S. miltiorrhiza. (B) Phylogenic tree analysis of SmMAPK3 with AtMAPKs. (C) The conserved domains of SmMAPK3. (D) Immunoblotting analysis of SmMAPK3 autophosphorylation in vitro with Phos-tag™ SDS–PAGE. Phosphorylated SmMAPK3 (pSmMAPK3) migrates more slowly in the gel.
Fig. 2. SmMAPK3 in MAPKK2/4/5/7-MAPK3-JAZs modulate phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Fig. 2. SmMAPK3 is associated with the biosynthesis of phenolic acids. (A) Expression patterns of phenolic acid biosynthetic genes in 18 samples. (B) Network built on correlations among kinases, structural genes and TFs. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) values were calculated for each pair of genes.
Fig. 7 in Triterpenic and phenolic acids production changed in Salvia officinalis via in vitro and in vivo polyploidization: A consequence of altered genes expression
Fig. 7. Relative expression of six genes related to the biosynthesis of TAs, including farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDS), squalene synthase (SQS), squalene epoxidases (SQE), lupeol synthase (LUS), β-amyrin synthase (BAS), and mixed function amyrin synthase (MFAS) genes in the different ploidy levels of in vitro and in vivo conditions of S. officinalis. Error bars are shown as standard deviation (n = 3).
Fig. 6 in Triterpenic and phenolic acids production changed in Salvia officinalis via in vitro and in vivo polyploidization: A consequence of altered genes expression
Fig. 6. The observation of stomata characteristics in vivo plants of diploid (A1,2) and mixoploid (B1,2) of S. officinalis. Bars = 50 and 10 μm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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