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8 results for “phyletic evolution”
Fig. 13 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage
Fig. 13. SEM micrographs of Ludfordian graptolites Pristiograptus dubius postmagnus subsp. nov. and Pristiograptus dubius labiatus Urbanek, 1997. A–C. Pristiograptus dubius postmagnus subsp. nov., Mielnik−1 borehole, Poland, depth 780.5 m; Monograptus (Uncinatograptus) acer Biozone. A. ZPAL G.44/48, lateral view of rhabdosome (A1), the thecal lip with connection to the succeeding theca (A2), and proximal end of rhabdosome (A3). B. ZPAL G.44/49, lateral view of rhabdosome sicula with rings (B1) and proximal end of rhabdosome (B2). C. ZPAL G.44/50, medial part of rhabdosome (C2), enlargements showing connections to the succeeding thecae (C1, C3). D–F. Pristiograptus dubius labiatus Urbanek, 1997, Mielnik−1 borehole, Poland, depth 753.3 m; Monograptus (Uncinatograptus) spineus–Neocolonograptus parultimus Interzone. D. ZPAL G.44/51, general view of rhabdosome (D1), sicula with two first thecae and depression on th1 lip (D). E. ZPAL G.44/52, lateral view of rhabdosome (E) and proximal end of rhabdosome (E). F. ZPAL 2 1 2 G.44/53, lateral view of rhabdosome (F1) enlargement of proximal end (F2).
Fig. 10 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage
Fig. 10. SEM micrographs of two Homerian (Wenlock) graptolite Pristiograptus forms. A, B. Pristiograptus dubius paezerensis subsp. nov., mature rhabdosomes; Cyrtograptus lundgreni Biozone. A. ZPAL G.44/17, Bartoszyce IG−1 borehole, Poland, depth 1663.2 m. B. ZPAL G.44/19, Zawada borehole, Poland, depth 1555.9–1562 m. C, D. Pristiograptus dubius parvus Ulst, 1974 growing rhabdosomes, Bartoszyce IG−1 borehole, Poland, depth 1660.7 m; Pristiograptus parvus Biozone. C. ZPAL G.44/25. D. ZPAL G.44/26.
Fig. 9 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage
Fig. 9. SEM micrographs of the graptolite Pristiograptus lodenicensis Přibyl, 1943; Cyrtograptus lundgreni Biozone, Lower Homerian, Wenlock. A–D, F. Zawada borehole, Poland. A–C. Depth 1546.5–1552.7 m. A. ZPAL G. 44/13, general view of rhabdosome (A), lips of th3 and th4 (A), and th1 1 2 with sicula (A3). B. ZPAL G.44/14, general view of dorsal side of rhabdosome (B1), proximal end (B2). C. ZPAL G.44/15, general view of rhabdosome. D, F. Depth 1540–1546.5 m. D. ZPAL G.44/16, proximal end of rhabdosome. F. ZPAL G.44/17, proximal end of rhabdosome (F) and th2 lip with cortical 1 tissue "script" ("manta ray wing") (F2). E. VU P.P9−4b, Parovėja−9 borehole, Lithuania, depth 561.9 m, general view of rhabdosome (E1), depressions of thecal apertural lip (E2).
Fig. 3 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage
Fig. 3. Morphology of graptolite Pristiograptus rhabdosomes. A. Drawing of rhabdosome showing its characters (modified from Radzevičius 2003). B–E. Morphological features on flattened specimens. B. Pristiograptus lodenicensis Přibyl, 1948; VU−813, Likënai−396 borehole, Lithuania, depth 589.5 m; Cyrtograptus lundgreni Biozone, Riga Formation. C. Pristiograptus dubius magnus subsp. nov., VU−835, Parovėja−9 borehole, Lithuania, depth 599.8 m; Cyrtograptus perneri Biozone, whole specimen (C1), enlargement showing thecal apertural lip (C2). D. Pristiograptus dubius pseudodubius (Bouček, 1932), fragment of rhabdosome, VU−A3−0047a; C. lundgreni Biozone, Żdanów outcrop, Sudetes, Poland. E. Pristiograptus jaegeri Holland, Rickards, and Warren, 1969; Vilkaviškis−131 borehole, depth 1073.2 m, VU−8004, Colonograptus deubeli Biozone. Abbreviations: ss, angle between thecal lip and wall of succeeding theca; λ, angle between interthecal septum (thecal axis) and virgule; r, sicula ring; th1, first theca; tal, thecal apertural lip.
Fig. 2 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage
Fig. 2. Map of western margin of the East European Platform. A. Facies across the studied region (modified after Porębska et al. 2004). B. Location of the investigated boreholes in Lithuania and Poland.
Fig. 1 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage
Fig. 1. Graptolite phylogenetic relationships between the iterative of Pristiograptus dubius group taxa species and subspecies from Poland and Lithuania and their stratigraphical ranges. For more data concerning iterative clades that branched off the stem lineage see Fig. 4. Generalized graptolites biozones (Koren' et al. 1996) correlated with biozones of Poland and Lithuania (Urbanek and Teller 1997; Radzevičius 2007). Abbreviations: B., Bohemograptus; Col., Colonograptus; Cucullo., Cucullograptus; Cyrto., Cyrtograptus; d., dubius; G., Gothograptus; I., Istrograptus; L., Lobograptus; M., Monograptus; Neocol., Neocolonograptus; Neocucul., Neocucullograptus; Neodiver., Neodiversograptus; Neolob., Neolobograptus; P., Pristiograptus; S., Saetograptus; Slov., Slovinograptus; t., transgrediens; U., Uncinatograptus.
Data from: Testing eco-evolutionary predictions using fossil data: Phyletic evolution following ecological opportunity
Fossil sequences provide observations of phenotypes within a lineage over time and represent essential data for increasing our understanding of phyletic evolution beyond microevolutionary timescales. I investigate if fossil times-series of the diatom Stephanodiscus niagarae/yellowstonensis follow evolutionary dynamics compatible with hypotheses for how the adaptive landscape changes when a population enters a new environment. The lineage – which has a remarkably detailed stratigraphic record – invaded Yellowstone Lake immediately after recession of ice from the basin 14,000 years ago. Several phyletic models portraying different types of evolutionary dynamics – both compatible and not compatible with changes in the adaptive landscape following ecological opportunity – were fitted to the fossil times-series of S. niagarae/yellowstonensis. Different models best describe the three analyzed traits. Two of the models (a new model of decelerated evolution and an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model) capture trait dynamics compatible with an event of ecological opportunity, while the third model (random walk) does not. Entering a new environment may accordingly affect trait dynamics for thousands of years, but the effects can vary across phenotypes. However, tests of model adequacy reveal shortcomings in all three models explaining the trait dynamics, suggesting model development is needed to more fully understand the phyletic evolution in Stephanodiscus niagarae/yellowstonensis.
Data from: Testing eco-evolutionary predictions using fossil data: Phyletic evolution following ecological opportunity
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