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6 results for “phylogenetic overdispersion”
Data from: Species richness and patterns of overdispersion, clustering and randomness shape phylogenetic and functional diversity-area relationships in habitat islands
<p><b>Aim:</b> To evaluate how the area of habitat island systems influences multiple facets of diversity. </p> <p><b>Location:</b> Southern Brazil. </p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Birds. </p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Using an Information Theoretic approach, we compared the fit of 20 diversity–area relationship (DARs) models in three habitat island systems. We tested for the best-fit model, model-family, shape, and presence/absence of an asymptote. We used species richness (SR), Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) and Faith's functional diversity (FD) to assess species–area (SARs), phylogenetic (PDARs) and functional diversity–area relationships (FDARs). We controlled for the effect of SR in PD and FD via null models to assess PDARs and FDARs independently of SR and to explore the influence of phylogenetic and functional randomness, clustering and overdispersion. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> PDARs and FDARs built with PD and FD resembled SARs and were all best fitted by convex or sigmoidal, upwards oriented, non-asymptotic models. Controlling for SR in diversity indices produced flat or downwards-oriented, weak PDARs and FDARs, which were best fitted by convex, non-asymptotic models or the linear model. Taxonomic diversity accumulated faster with area than functional diversity, which accumulated faster than phylogenetic diversity. Randomness and clustering patterns prevailed in shaping PDARs and FDARs relative to overdispersion. </p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>Controlling for SR in PD and FD affects DARs patterns and the strength of the relationships. Irrespective of this influence of SR, a few simple models of the power and exponential model-families best fit DARs. Model parameters reveal differences in the response of each facet of diversity to increases in area, highlighting the complementary nature of DARs. When considered independently of SR, both PDAR and FDAR patterns largely reflect the broad variation of phylogenetic and functional diversity in small islands. It is therefore likely that the ecological processes that promote phylogenetic and functional overdispersion and clustering operate at contrasting spatial scales.</p>
Fig. 3 in From clustering to overdispersion: a north to south gradient in the patterns of phylogenetic structure in North American hummingbird assemblages
Fig. 3 Boxplots of MPD, MNTD, pMPD, and pMNTD between breeding and winter seasons by biogeographic region
Fig. 2 in From clustering to overdispersion: a north to south gradient in the patterns of phylogenetic structure in North American hummingbird assemblages
Fig. 2 Geographic patterns of phylogenetic and phenotypic MPDs and MNTDs across North America according to seasons considered (breeding and winter)
Fig. 1 in From clustering to overdispersion: a north to south gradient in the patterns of phylogenetic structure in North American hummingbird assemblages
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic heatmap of the pruned phylogenetic tree (see Methods) based on McGuire et al. (2014) for North American hummingbird species and the matrix of the PC from phylogenetic PCA scores. Colors indicate standard deviation (SD) values for each PC axis by species
Data from: Species richness and patterns of overdispersion, clustering and randomness shape phylogenetic and functional diversity-area relationships in habitat islands
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Data from: Evolutionary lability of host associations promotes phylogenetic overdispersion of co-infecting blood parasites
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