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13 results for “planetary surfaces”
Input and output data (images + boulder labels, model setup, model weights and more) for the manuscript "Automatic characterization of boulders on planetary surfaces from high-resolution satellite images"
<p><strong>File 1:</strong> raw_data_BOULDERING.zip</p> <p><strong>Size:</strong> 8.8 GB</p> <p><strong>Summary: </strong>It contains all of the rasters (planetary images) and labeled boulders (raw data):</p> <ul> <li> <p>a boulder-mapping file, which is the manually digitized outline of boulders.</p> </li> <li> <p>a ROM file (stands for Region of Mapping), which depicts the image patches on which the boulder mapping has been conducted.</p> </li> <li> <p>a global-tiles file, which shows all of the image patches within a raster.</p> </li> </ul> <p>There are multiple locations/images per planetary body.</p> <p><strong>Structure:</strong></p> <pre>. └── raw_data/ ├── earth/ │ └── image_name/ │ ├── shp/ │ │ ├── <image_name>-ROM.shp │ │ ├── <image_name>-boulder-mapping.shp │ │ └── <image_name>-global-tiles.shp │ └── raster/ │ └── <image_name>.tif ├── mars/ │ └── image_name/ │ ├── shp/ │ │ ├── <image_name>-ROM.shp │ │ ├── <image_name>-boulder-mapping.shp │ │ └── <image_name>-global-tiles.shp │ └── raster/ │ └── <image_name>.tif └── moon/ └── image_name/ ├── shp/ │ ├── <image_name>-ROM.shp │ ├── <image_name>-boulder-mapping.shp │ └── <image_name>-global-tiles.shp └── raster/ └── <image_name>.tif</pre> <p> </p> <p><strong>File 2:</strong> best_model.zip</p> <p><strong>Size:</strong> 624.7 MB</p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <p>This zip file contains all of the inputs and outputs required/obtained from the training of the BoulderNet Mask R-CNN model (model setup, augmentation pipeline, model weights, log during training, logged metrics):</p> <ul> <li> <p>augmentation_pipeline.json (required as inputs for the training of the algorithm to apply augmentations). See <a href="https://github.com/astroNils">https://github.com/astroNils</a> and the MLtools repository for more information.</p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p>Base-RCNN-FPN.yaml (base model setup file).</p> </li> <li> <p>config.yaml (complete model setup file, merge of the base and Mars-Moon-Earth setup file).</p> </li> <li> <p>Mars-MoonEarth-v050...yaml (model setup file).</p> </li> <li> <p>log.txt (log during training of the algorithm).</p> </li> <li> <p>model_0055999.pth (model weights at second last saving step)</p> </li> <li> <p>model_0063999.pth (model weights at last saving step)</p> </li> </ul> <p>We advice the use of model weights model_0055999.pth (to avoid slight overfitting).</p> <p><strong>File 3:</strong> Apr2023-Mars-Moon-Earth-mask-5px.zip (pre-processed input images)</p> <p><strong>Size:</strong> 252.8 MB</p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <p>This zip files contains the input data (images and boulder outlines) for the train, validation and test datasets. See <a href="https://github.com/astroNils">https://github.com/astroNils</a> and the MLtools repository for more information in how-to-use the different files.</p> <ul> <li> <p>The json folder contains json files that can be given as input (as a custom dataset) to the Detectron2 platform. The only differences between the two files is how the bounding boxes around masks have been generated. We advised to use "Apr2023-Mars-Moon-Earth-mask-5px.json".</p> </li> <li> <p>The pkl folder and pickle file includes some informations about the 950 image patches in our boulder dataset.</p> </li> <li> <p>The pre-processing folder contains all of the training, validation and test image patches and corresponding shapefiles.</p> </li> <li> <p>The shapefile folder is actually empty (it should not be there!).</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Structure:</strong></p> <pre>. └── preprocessed_inputs/ ├── json ├── pkl ├── preprocessing/ │ ├── train/ │ │ ├── images │ │ └── labels │ ├── validation/ │ │ ├── images │ │ └── labels │ └── test/ │ ├── images │ └── labels └── shp</pre> <p> </p>
Planetary Surface Features Change Detection Dataset
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains bi-temporal images pairs with associated labels of <em>change </em>or <em>no-change</em> describing whether there was a change in surface features between the two images acquired over the same location at two different times. This dataset contains images from four different instruments orbiting three different planets, each of which contains four representations of the bi-temporal image pair: composite grayscale, absolute difference, signed difference, and autoencoder bottleneck representations (described in detail in [1]). We also include the grayscale image tiles these representational datasets were created from. All datasets contain 100x100 images tiles that were cropped from larger images. We describe each below. </p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p><strong>hirise_rsl.zip</strong> : all subdirectories contain <em>change </em>and <em>no-change </em>examples represented as composite grayscale, absolute difference, signed difference, and autoencoder bottleneck from a before and after HiRISE image of recurring slope lineae on Mars<em>. </em>Subdirectory names are garni_XXXXXX_YYYYYY where Garni is the name of the crater on Mars shown in the images, XXXXXX is the HiRISE image ID of the before image, and YYYYYY is the HiRISE image ID of the after image. The "*_lcn" ending on some directories indicates that local contrast normalization was applied. The "*_gs_illum" and "*_gs_slope" directories contain composite grayscale representation with a third band that contains the difference between illumination (illum) and slope values at the same locations. Images with line endings _vflip, _hflip, _rot90, _rot180, and _rot270 were the result of vertical flips, horizontal flips, 90-deg rotations, 180-deg rotations, and 270-deg rotations of the image with the corresponding prefix.</p> <p><strong>ctx_impacts.zip</strong> : all subdirectories contain <em>change </em>and <em>no-change </em>examples represented as composite grayscale, absolute difference, signed difference, and autoencoder bottleneck from a before and after CTX image of meteorite impacts on Mars. The prefix in each image name corresponds to the image pair described in the Appendix in [1].</p> <p><strong>lroc_impacts.zip </strong>: all subdirectories contain <em>change </em>and <em>no-change </em>examples represented as composite grayscale, absolute difference, signed difference, and autoencoder bottleneck from a before and after LROC image of meteorite and spacecraft landing impacts on the Moon. Filenames correspond to pair names provided in the Appendix in [1].</p> <p><strong>planet_misc.zip</strong> : all subdirectories contain <em>change </em>and <em>no-change </em>examples represented as composite grayscale, absolute difference, signed difference, and autoencoder bottleneck from a before and after PlanetScope image of miscellaneous processes on Earth. Filenames correspond to pair names provided in the Appendix in [1].</p> <p><strong>*_before_after_grayscale.zip</strong> : before and after grayscale tiles used to create image representations in above directories (indicated with _before and _after suffix in filenames). Images that contain "_0_" in the filename have the label <em>no-change </em>and images with "_1_" in the filename have the label <em>change</em>.</p> <p>[1] Kerner et al. (2019) Deep Learning Methods Toward Generalized Change Detection on Planetary Surfaces. In review at <em>Journal of Selected Topics in Earth Observations and Remote Sensing</em>.</p> <p><strong>Attribution</strong></p> <p>If you use this dataset in your own work, please cite this DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2373798 as well as the paper below:</p> <p>Kerner, H. R., Wagstaff, K. L., Bue, B. D., Gray, P. C., Bell, J. F., & Amor, H. B. (2019). Toward generalized change detection on planetary surfaces with convolutional autoencoders and transfer learning. <em>IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing</em>, <em>12</em>(10), 3900-3918.</p>
Dataset - Experimental study of frost detectability on planetary surfaces using multicolor photometry and polarimetry
<p>This dataset contains the polarimetric measurements performed for the paper "Experimental study of frost detectability on planetary surfaces using multicolor photometry and polarimetry" (Spadaccia et al., 2023 published on Icarus). The experimental work is aimed at measuring the changes of polarimetric and photomatric signal of a regolith when frost is deposited on top, at different temperatures and different wavelengths (450, 550, 750 nm).<br> <br> The .txt files are divided on regolith simulant (CR or MGS-1) and polarimetric phase angle (5 or 16°). The reflectance is measured at phase angle 50 or 61°. Each .txt file contains the averaged information of 5 experiments for CR at temperature T=-150°C, three experiments for MGS-1 at T=-130°C ("cold") and three experiments with MGS-1 at T=-120°C. </p> <p>The columns in the .txt files contain information on:</p> <p>#time[s] #temperatures[°C] #stdv_temperatures[°C] #Qblue #stdvQblue #Rblue #stdvRblue #Qgreen #stdvQgreen #Rgreen #stdvRgreen #Qred #stdvQred #Rred #stdvRred</p> <p>Where "Q" is the measurement of Q/I, "stdv" means standard deviation of the different experiments, "R" is the reflectance measured with the monochromatic camera, "blue", "green" and "red" are the three wavelengths of the incident light (450, 550, 750 nm). </p>
Data related to the paper: Surface Heating Steers Planetary-Scale Ocean Circulation
<p>Preprocessed outputs to reproduce figures in the paper: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0016.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0016.1</a>.</p>
Data for: Connecting hemispheric asymmetries of planetary albedo and surface temperature
<p>Satellite measurements show that the Northern and Southern hemispheres reflect equal amounts of short-wave radiation ("albedo symmetry"), but no theory exists on if, how, and why the symmetry is established and maintained. Ambiguously, climate models are strongly biased in albedo symmetry but agree in the sign of the response to CO<sub>2</sub>. We find that mean-state biases in albedo symmetry and surface temperature asymmetry correlate negatively. Similarly, the response of albedo asymmetry to CO<sub>2</sub> forcing correlates negatively with the magnitude of the asymmetry in surface warming. This is true across many and within single climate model simulations: a too warm or stronger warming hemisphere is darker or darkens more than its counterpart. In the 21 years of observations we find the same tendency and hypothesize a) albedo symmetry is a function of the current climate state and b) we will observe an evolution towards albedo asymmetry in coming decades.</p>
Figure data for paper "The first ground level enhancement seen on three planetary surfaces: Earth, Moon and Mars"
<p>Here we provide the data used for generating Figures 1-4 as published in the paper "The first ground level enhancement seen on three planetary surfaces: Earth, Moon and Mars" </p>
Data for: Connecting hemispheric asymmetries of planetary albedo and surface temperature
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Data from: Study on the optimization of the deposition rate of planetary GaN-MOCVD films based on CFD simulation and the corresponding surface model
Metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) is a key technique for fabricating GaN thin film structures for light-emitting and semiconductor laser diodes. Film uniformity is an important index to measure equipment performance and chip processes. This paper introduces a method to improve the quality of thin films by optimizing the rotation speed of different substrates of a model consisting of a planetary with seven 6-inch wafers for the planetary GaN-MOCVD. A numerical solution to the transient state at low pressure is obtained using computational fluid dynamics. To evaluate the role of the different zone speeds on the growth uniformity, single factor analysis is introduced. The results show that the growth rate and uniformity are strongly related to the rotational speed. Next, a response surface model was constructed by using the variables and the corresponding simulation results. The optimized combination of the matching of different speeds is also proposed as a useful reference for applications in industry, obtained by a response surface model and genetic algorithm with a balance between the growth rate and the growth uniformity. This method can save time, and the optimization can obtain the most uniform and highest thin film quality.
Multi-faceted metagenomic analysis of spacecraft associated surfaces reveal planetary protection relevant microbial composition
<p>Supplemental tables and figures for manuscript titled: "Multi-faceted metagenomic analysis of spacecraft associated surfaces reveal planetary protection relevant microbial composition"</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>NASA has been monitoring the microbial burden of spacecraft since the 1970’s Viking missions. Originally based upon culture-based and then focused 16S sequencing techniques, we have now applied whole metagenomic sequencing of cleanroom samples at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), including the Spacecraft Assembly Facility (SAF) with the goals of taxonomic identification and for functional assignment. Our samples included facility pre-filters, cleanroom vacuum debris, and surface wipes. The taxonomic composition was carried out by three different analysis tools. Hierarchical clustering analysis separated vacuum particles from SAF DNA samples. Vacuum particle samples were the most diverse while DNA samples from the ISO facilities and the SAF were the least diverse; all three were dominated by Proteobacteria. Wipe samples had higher diversity and were predominated by Actinobacteria, including human commensals <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> and <em>Corynebacterium</em>. Taxa identified by the three methods were not identical, supporting the use of multiple methods for metagenome characterization. Likewise, functional annotation was performed using multiple methods. Vacuum particle and SAF tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid biosynthesis suggested that many of the identified microorganisms have the ability to grow in nutrient-limited environments. In total, 18 high quality metagenome assembled genomes were generated and were dominated by <em>Moraxella osloensis</em> or <em>Malassezia restricta</em>. A <em>M. osloensis </em>MAG was assembled into a single circular scaffold and gene annotated. This includes a rigorous quantitative determination of microbial loads, and a qualitative dissection of microbial composition. Genomic assembly led to greater confidence of species identification and their functional roles.</p>
Data from: Study on the optimization of the deposition rate of planetary GaN-MOCVD films based on CFD simulation and the corresponding surface model
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Supplementary material: Design and construction of geologic analog models derived from the analysis of planetary surfaces
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Mid-infrared optical constants of silicate glasses supporting planetary surface science and spectroscopy studies.
<p>The dataset supports the manuscript on "Wavelength dependent Mid-infrared Optical Constants (5-25 µm) of silicate glasses: A Genetic Algorithm approach" submitted by the authors to Earth and Space Science. </p> <p>data.xlsx - contains the measured micro-FTIR spectra, the modeled reflectance spectra by the GA-LSQ approach, the residual between the measured and modeled spectra, the wavelength dependent optical constants n and k for all the glasses studied. </p> <p>This work was supported by NASA PDART grant 80NSSC21K0877 to E. C. Sklute and the RISE2 SSERVI cooperative agreement 80NSSC19M0215.</p> <p> </p>
Solid-State Thermionic Nuclear Power for Megawatt Propulsion, Planetary Surface and Commercial Power Project
<p>Thermionic (TI) power conversion is a promising technology first investigated for power conversion in the 1960&rsquo;s, and of renewed interest due to modern advances in nanotechnology, MEMS, materials and manufacturing. Benefits include high conversion efficiency (20%), static operation with no moving parts and the potential for high reliability, greatly reduced plant complexity, and the potential for low Design, Development. Test and Evaluation (DDT&amp;E) costs. Thermionic emission, credited to Edison in 1880, forms the basis of vacuum tubes and much of 20th century electronics. Heat can be converted into electricity when electrons emitted from a hot surface are collected across a small gap. For example, two &ldquo;small&rdquo; (6 kWe) Thermionic Space Reactors were flown by the USSR in 1987-88 for ocean radar reconnaissance. Higher powered Nuclear-Thermionic power systems driving Electric Propulsion (Q-thruster, VASIMR, etc.) may offer the breakthrough necessary for human Mars missions of &lt; 1 yr round trip.</p><p>This project targets one of the most critical barriers to human deep space exploration &ndash; the means to efficiently power and rapidly propel human missions to Mars and beyond.&nbsp; The project will explore the implementation of a high efficiency &ldquo;Solid-State&rdquo; Thermionic-based nuclear fission power systems to serve Electric Propulsion systems such as Q-thrusters, VASIMR, Hall, or other approaches.&nbsp; A Solid-State approach centered around advanced Thermionic power converters would combine the high efficiency of traditional dynamic power conversion (Rankine, Brayton, Stirling) with the simplicity of a static converter with no moving parts.&nbsp; The resulting system could enable Human Mars missions of &lt; 1 year round trip by affording a system of megawatt power, low specific mass (&lt;10 kg/kWe), greatly reduced plant complexity, and associated savings in development cost.&nbsp;&nbsp; This project provides the initial foundation and confidence for high efficiency solid-state power converters, and early definition of enabled human exploration systems and missions (ex. Megawatt Electric Propulsion, Moon/Mars Surface Power).&nbsp; Subsequent converter development will improve readiness and lifetime, leading to &ldquo;flight ready&rdquo; articles.&nbsp; An intermediate NASA infusion step would demonstrate kilowatt-class nuclear power systems applicable to Moon or Mars surface.&nbsp; Human vehicle system development would then integrate these converters with DOE nuclear reactor technology, NASA balance of plant (ex. radiators, PMAD), and electric propulsion (ex. Q-thrusters, VASIMR, Hall thrusters) to develop an &ldquo;ultimate&rdquo; NASA application of a Human Mars Megawatt-class Nuclear Electric Propulsion vehicle and mission.&nbsp; Terrestrial applications would be informed/infused resulting in high efficiency power systems with greatly reduced complexity and cost.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.