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60 results for “plant chemistry”
Species trait tissue chemistry: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
PEC01 Elemental chemistry of plant tissue collected for the Konza LTER aboveground plant biomass on Konza Prairie core watersheds
Dataset contains elemental chemistry (N, C, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, and Zn) of dried and ground, end-of-season, above-ground live tissue from grasses, forbs, and woody plants collected on Tully soils in the watersheds 001d, 004b, and 020b. N and C are provided as percentages; all other elements are provided as parts per million (ppm). Within plant growth type (grasses, forbs, and woody) and year, elemental concentrations were measured on one pooled (2g) sample containing four (0.5g) subsamples of ground and dried plant tissue (subsamples included from recent years were named TA2, TB2, TC2, and TD2; subsamples included from older years were named: TA2, TA4, TB2, TB4). For more information on plant sampling see the description of the Konza LTER PAB01 aboveground plant biomass dataset (Blair & Nippert). Elemental chemistry was analyzed using combustion analysis for percent N and using hot plate digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for concentrations of metals (ppm) at the Cornell Nutrient Analysis Laboratory (https://cnal.cals.cornell.edu/).
Nectar chemistry is not only a plant's affair: floral visitors affect nectar sugar and amino acid composition
<p>This dataset contains data used in the analyses performed in the article entitled "Nectar chemistry is not only a plant’s affair: floral visitors affect nectar sugar and amino acid composition". The Excel file contains three sheets. 'Raw data' contains concentration of sugars, amino acids, pollen grains and yeast cells measured in several flowers and plants of <em>Gentiana lutea</em> subsp. <em>symphyandra</em>, belonging to different experimental treatments. 'Amino acid diversity' contains the concentration of specific protein and non-protein amino acids found in a subset of the above mentioned flowers. 'Pollen suspension test' contains the concentration of the same amino acids found in nectar after suspension of pollen of <em>G. lutea</em> at different time intervals (0, 1, 4, and 24 hours).</p>
Pollen-chemistry variations along elevation gradients and their implications for a proxy for UV-B radiation in the plant-fossil record
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Whole plot plant tissue chemistry: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Data from: Attack and aggregation of a major squash pest: parsing the role of plant chemistry and beetle pheromones across spatial scales
<p>1. Successful management of insect crop pests requires an understanding of the cues and spatial scales at which they function to affect rates of attack of preferred and non-preferred host plants. A long-standing conceptual framework in insect-plant ecology posits that there is hierarchical structure spanning host location, acceptance, and attack that could be exploited for integrated pest management.</p> <p>2. We investigated how plant- and insect-derived chemical cues affect successive decisions of host choice in aggregating insects, and tested predictions in the Cucurbita pepo - Acalymma vittatum system. Acalymma vittatum is an aggregating specialist beetle pest that strongly prefers zucchini (C. p. pepo) to summer squash (C. p. ovifera), two independent domesticates of C. pepo. We hypothesized that subspecies-specific plant traits, especially volatile cues, interact with the male-produced aggregation pheromone to amplify beetle preference for C. p. pepo.</p> <p>3. Differential beetle attack of C. pepo subspecies in the field is not determined by plant traits that affect host finding or differential aggregation due to pheromones: across two years, beetles had strong density-dependent attraction to both subspecies when male beetles were feeding, and no interactions between plant volatiles and the male-produced pheromone were detected. In absence of male pheromone emission, beetles were equally unattracted to plants with or without beetle feeding.</p> <p>4. In contrast, plant traits that mediate insect acceptance appear to underlie differences in preference. At a local scale, beetles did not accept and emigrated from C. p. ovifera compared to C. p. pepo. Distinct volatile emissions were observed between subspecies, but further work is needed to identify if these volatiles promote emigration.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications: By dissecting pest preference during successive host choice decisions, we isolated a trait with implications for pest management. Beetles on cucurbits can be managed by employing cultivars with differential susceptibility (e.g. trap cropping), and the mechanistic knowledge presented here informs best practices and limitations for on-farm applications. More broadly, pest management in diversified cropping systems can be enhanced through understanding how plant preference gradients affect herbivore movement and behavior, and plant breeders can target traits to reduce herbivory in such systems.</p>
Dataset on the Chemistry of Australian Plant Exudates from Historical Collection
<p>FT-IR.zip: FT-IR dataset<br> GC-MS.zip: GC-MS dataset<br> ICP-MS.zip: ICP-MS dataset<br> Py-GC-MS.zip: Py-GC-MS dataset<br> XRS C K-edge.zip: X-ray Raman spectroscopy dataset at the carbon K edge<br> XRS O K-edge.zip: X-ray Raman spectroscopy dataset at the carbon O edge</p>
Plant litter chemistry controls coarse-textured soil carbon dynamics
<p>1. As soils store more carbon (C) than the Earth's atmosphere and terrestrial biomass together, the balance between soil C uptake in the form of soil organic matter and release as CO2 upon its decomposition is a critical determinant in the global C cycle regulating our planet's climate. Although plant litter is the predominant source of C fueling both soil C build-up and losses, the issue of how litter chemistry influences this balance remains unresolved.</p> <p>2. As a contribution to solving that issue, we traced the fate of C during near-complete decomposition of 13C-labelled leaf and root litters from 12 plant species in a coarse-textured soil. We separated the soil organic carbon (SOC) into mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) pools, and investigated how 14 litter chemical traits affected novel SOC formation and native SOC mineralization (i.e., the priming effect) in these soil fractions.</p> <p>3. We observed an overall net increase in SOC due to the addition of litter, which was stronger for root than for leaf litters. The presumed stable MAOM-C pool underwent both substantial stabilization and mineralization, whereas the presumably less stable POM-C pool showed substantial stabilization and reduced mineralization. Overall, the initial increase in soil C mineralization was fully counterbalanced by a later decrease in native soil C mineralization. POM-C formation as well as MAOM-C formation and mineralization were positively related to the initial litter lignin concentration and negatively to that of the nitrogen leachates, whereas the opposite was observed for POM-C mineralization.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of litter chemical traits for SOC formation, and stabilization, destabilization, and mineralization. In our coarse-textured soil, the amount of MAOM-C did not change despite large C fluxes through this pool. The litter chemical traits that drove these processes differed from those frequently reported for fine-textured soils far from mineral-associated C saturation. To account for these discrepancies, we propose an integrative perspective in which litter quality and soil texture interactively control soil C fluxes by modulating several SOC stabilization and destabilization mechanisms. Irrespective, our results open new critical perspectives for managing soil C pools globally.</p>
Effects of eCO2 on plant growth and pollen chemistry in 14 angiosperms
<p>Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) can affect plant growth and physiology, which can, in turn, impact herbivorous insects, including by altering pollen or plant tissue nutrition. Previous research suggests that eCO<sub>2</sub>can reduce pollen nutrition in some species, but it is unknown whether this effect is consistent across flowering plant species. We experimentally quantified the effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> across multiple flowering plant species on plant growth in 9 species and pollen chemistry (%N an estimate for protein content and nutrition in 12 species; secondary chemistry in 5 species) in greenhouses. For pollen nutrition, only buckwheat significantly responded to eCO<sub>2</sub>, with %N increasing in eCO<sub>2</sub>; CO<sub>2</sub> treatment did not affect pollen amino acid composition but altered secondary metabolites in buckwheat and sunflower. Plant growth under eCO<sub>2</sub> exhibited two trends across species: plant height was taller in 44% of species and flower number was affected for 63% of species (3 species with fewer and 2 species with more flowers). The remaining growth metrics (leaf number, above-ground biomass, flower size, and flowering initiation) showed divergent, species-specific responses, if any. Our results indicate that future eCO<sub>2</sub> is unlikely to uniformly change pollen chemistry or plant growth across flowering species but may have the potential to alter ecological interactions, or have particularly important effects on specialized pollinators.</p>
Data for: Plant diversity effects on herbivory are related to soil biodiversity and plant chemistry
<p><span>Insect herbivory is a key process in ecosystem functioning. While theory predicts that plant diversity modulates herbivory, the mechanistic links remain unclear. We postulated that the plant metabolome mechanistically links plant diversity and herbivory.</span></p> <p>In late summer and in spring, we assessed individual plant aboveground herbivory rates and metabolomes of seven plant species in experimental plant communities varying in plant species diversity and resource acquisition strategies. In the same communities, we also measured plant individual biomass as well as soil microbial and nematode community composition.</p> <p>Herbivory rates decreased with increasing plant species richness. Path modelling revealed that plant species richness and community resource acquisition strategy correlated with soil community composition. In particular, changes in nematode community composition were related to plant metabolome composition and thereby herbivory rates.</p> <p><span>These results suggest that soil community composition plays an important role in reducing herbivory rates with increasing plant diversity by changing plant metabolomes.</span></p>
Data from: Different effects of fire age and fire recurrence on grass and woody plant chemistry in Kafue National Park, Zambia
<p>In savannas, fire and herbivores are important drivers of natural ecosystem processes. Fire is also used intensively for management purposes. However, reported fire effects differ between studies. Reasons for these differences are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of fire on leaf chemistry of grasses and woody plants in the savanna of the Busanga Flood Plain, Zambia, in relation to the time elapsed between plant sampling and the last fire (fire age) and the frequency of fires during the last 16 years (fire recurrence). We analyzed leaves for their nitrogen, carbon and fiber concentrations, and estimated their metabolizable energy content, reflecting feed quality for browsers and grazers. Grasses and woody plants differed in all chemical components and showed different responses to fire. Grass quality was higher at sites burnt in the year of sample collection than at sites burnt only in previous years, but did not change under different fire recurrences. Leaves of woody plants did not differ in relation to fire age but their quality increased with increasing fire recurrence. In woody plants, the carbon content responded to the interaction between fire age and fire recurrence, indicating changes in carbon allocation in response to fire. Thus, burning increased feed quality for grazers and browsers but on different temporal scales. The scale effects may contribute to the differences in resource allocation described by different studies. They merit more attention in management decisions as well as in future studies on fire effects in savanna systems.</p>
Data from: Macroevolution of floral scent chemistry across radiations of male euglossine bee-pollinated plants
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Climatic stress-induced changes in plant chemistry alter the compound-specific degradation of litter during decomposition
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Data from: Attack and aggregation of a major squash pest: parsing the role of plant chemistry and beetle pheromones across spatial scales
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Effects of eCO2 on plant growth and pollen chemistry in 14 angiosperms
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Data for: Plant diversity effects on herbivory are related to soil biodiversity and plant chemistry
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Data from: Separate and synergistic anti-herbivore effects of non-glandular trichomes and leaf chemistry in a desert plant
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Data from: Different effects of fire age and fire recurrence on grass and woody plant chemistry in Kafue National Park, Zambia
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Plant litter chemistry controls coarse-textured soil carbon dynamics
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Data from: Fuel accumulation shapes post-fire fuel decomposition through soil heating effects on plants, fungi, and soil chemistry
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.