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63 results for “plant metabolites”
Plant metabolites modulate animal social networks and lifespan
<p><span>Social interactions influence disease spread, information flow, and resource allocation across species, yet heterogeneity in social interaction frequency and its fitness consequences remain poorly understood. Additionally, animals can utilize plant metabolites for purposes beyond nutrition, but whether that shapes social networks is unclear. Here, we investigated how non-nutritive plant metabolites impact social interactions and the lifespan of the turnip sawfly, <em>Athalia rosae</em>. Adult sawflies acquire neo-clerodane diterpenoids ('clerodanoids') from non-food plants, showing intraspecific variation in natural populations and laboratory-reared individuals. Clerodanoids can also be transferred between conspecifics, leading to increased agonistic social interactions. Network analysis indicated increased social interactions <span>in sawfly groups where some or all individuals had prior access to clerodanoids</span>. Social interaction frequency varied with clerodanoid status, with fitness costs including reduced lifespan resulting from increased interactions. Our findings highlight the role of intraspecific variation in the acquisition of non-nutritional plant metabolites in shaping social networks, with fitness implications on individual social niches.</span></p>
Supplementary dataset for "Phenylacetic acid metabolism in land plants: novel pathways and metabolites"
<p>Supplementary dataset with measured data for publication "Phenylacetic acid metabolism in land plants: novel pathways and metabolites"</p>
Data from: Plant host traits mediated by foliar fungal symbionts and secondary metabolites
<p>Fungal symbionts living inside plant leaves ("endophytes") can vary from beneficial to parasitic, but the mechanisms by which the fungi affect the plant host phenotype remain poorly understood. Chemical interactions are likely the proximal mechanism of interaction between foliar endophytes and the plant, as individual fungal strains are often exploited for their diverse secondary metabolite production. Here, we go beyond single strains to examine commonalities in how 16 fungal endophytes shift plant phenotypic traits such as growth and physiology, and how those relate to plant metabolomics profiles. We inoculated individual fungi on switchgrass, <em>Panicum virgatum</em> L. This created a limited range of plant growth and physiology (2–370% of fungus-free controls on average), but effects of most fungi overlapped, indicating functional similarities in unstressed conditions. Overall plant metabolomics profiles included almost 2000 metabolites, which were broadly correlated with plant traits across all the fungal treatments. Terpenoid-rich samples were associated with larger, more physiologically active plants and phenolic-rich samples were associated with smaller, less active plants. Only 47 metabolites were enriched in plants inoculated with fungi relative to fungus-free controls, and of these, LASSO regression identified 12 metabolites that explained from 14–43% of plant trait variation. Fungal long-chain fatty acids and sterol precursors were positively associated with plant photosynthesis, conductance, and shoot biomass, but negatively associated with survival. The phytohormone gibberellin, in contrast, was negatively associated with plant physiology and biomass. These results can inform ongoing efforts to develop metabolites as crop management tools, either by direct application or via breeding, by identifying how associations with more beneficial components of the microbiome may be affected.</p>
Figure 5 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679
Figure 5. Chemical structure of the isolated substance (5-pentadecyl resorcinol) by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.
Figure 4. HMBC 150 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679
Figure 4. HMBC 150 MHz (a) and HSQC 300 MHz (b) spectrum of the compound produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.
Figure 1 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679
Figure 1. Chromatographic fractionation of the compound produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.
Fig. 2 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans
Fig. 2. The efficacy of the natural components against E. tenella sporozoites. The viability of sporozoites was determined at various concentrations of the compounds that showed effectiveness at 100 μM. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined from the approximate curves obtained from these results. SPZ: sporozoite.
Fig. 1 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans
Fig. 1. Direct effects of the natural components derived from alpine plants on E. tenella sporozoites. The viability of sporozoites treated with each natural component derived from alpine plants or lasalocid (positive control) with the viability of the DMSO-treated group set as 100%. The final concentration was 100 μM for the natural components, and 1 μM for lasalocid. SPZ: sporozoite; Las: lasalocid. Outliers were tested using Thompson's test (p <0.05), and the student's t-test was utilized to compare the data with the DMSO-treated group as a control (**p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001).
Fig. 3 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans
Fig. 3. Confirmation of the active compounds using commercially available compounds and their efficacy. (A) The viability of sporozoites treated with each commercially available compound or lasalocid (positive control) was compared to the viability of the DMSO-treated group, which was set as 100%. The final concentration was 100 μM for the synthetic compounds, and 1 μM for lasalocid. SPZ: sporozoite, Las: lasalocid. The student's t-test was used for the comparisons (****p <0.0001) without outliers, as tested using Thompson's test (p <0.05). (B) The viability of sporozoites was determined at each concentration of the synthetic compounds that showed effectiveness at 100 μM. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined by approximating the curves obtained from the results.
Fig. 4 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans
Fig. 4. The inhibitory effects of the natural components derived from alpine plants on sporozoite cell invasion. The invasion rate of sporozoites treated with each natural component derived from alpine plants or lasalocid (positive control) with the viability of the DMSO-treated group set as 100%. Each compound was used at its maximum non-toxic concentration. Las: lasalocid. The student's t-test was utilized to compare the data with the DMSO-treated group as a control (**p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001). Outliers were identified and removed using Thompson's test (p <0.05).
Data from: Plant host traits mediated by foliar fungal symbionts and secondary metabolites
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Data for: Biological mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions by plant metabolites
<p>Plant metabolites significantly affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling, but their influence on nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions has not been quantitatively analyzed on a global scale. We conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 observations from 42 articles to evaluate global patterns of, and principal factors controlling, N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in the presence of root exudates and extracts. Overall, plant metabolites promoted soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by about 10%. However, the effects of plant metabolites on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from soils varied with experimental conditions and properties of both metabolites and soils. Primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, strongly stimulated soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, by an average of 79%, while secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenoids, and flavonoids, often characterised as both biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) and biological denitrification inhibitors (BDIs), reduced soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by an average of 41%. The emission mitigation effects of BNIs/BDIs were closely associated with soil texture and pH, increasing with increasing soil clay content and soil pH on acidic and neutral soils, and with decreasing soil pH on alkaline soils. We furthermore present soil incubation experiments that show that three secondary metabolite types act as BNIs to reduce N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 32-45% while three primary metabolite classes possess a stimulatory effect of 56-63%, confirming the results of the meta-analysis. Our results highlight the potential role and application range of specific secondary metabolites in bio-mitigation of global N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, and provide new biological parameters for N<sub>2</sub>O emission models that should help improve the accuracy of model predictions.</p>
Figure 3. NMR 13C in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679
Figure 3. NMR 13C (75 MHz) spectrum of the compound produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.
Plant secondary metabolite increases the control-effectiveness of natural enemy - based on caffeine and Snellenius manilae
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The food resources in the field can effectively strengthen the ability of natural enemies to control the pest. Certain compounds, in addition to carbohydrates and amino acids, may improve the physiological performance of insects. Caffeine, for instance, has been shown to enhance pollinator memory and physiological reactions. However, little is known about how caffeine influences parasitoids. The control effectiveness and survival rate of the parasitoid (</span><em>Snellenius manilae</em><span>) were tested in this study after the parasitoids were fed solutions with different concentrations of caffeine. We examined caffeine concentrations of 10</span><sup>-2</sup><span>, 10</span><sup>-4</sup><span>, and 10</span><sup>-6</sup><span> (M) mixed with a 25% sucrose solution and a pure sucrose solution as a control group. The results show that a concentration of 10</span><sup>-6</sup><span> caffeine solution significantly increased the parasitism rate of</span><em> S. manilae </em><span>by 10.76% when compared to the control group. Despite the significantly lower survival rate and male bias of </span><em>S. manilae </em><span>offspring in the 10</span><sup>-2</sup><span> treatment, no further negative responses in growth performance, development time, or cocoon weight were observed. These findings suggest that an appropriate concentration of caffeine solution can have a positive impact on the control effectiveness of parasitoids in the laborat</span>ory. Our results highlight the potential of secondary compounds to increase the bio-control effectiveness.</p>
Plant secondary metabolite increases the control-effectiveness of natural enemy - based on caffeine and Snellenius manilae
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Data for: Biological mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions by plant metabolites
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Data from: Assessing specialized metabolite diversity in the cosmopolitan plant genus Euphorbia L.
Coevolutionary theory suggests that an arms race between plants and herbivores yields increased plant specialized metabolite diversity and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution predicts that coevolutionary interactions vary across geographic scales. Consequently, plant specialized metabolite diversity is expected to be highest in coevolutionary hotspots, geographic regions, which exhibit strong reciprocal selection on the interacting species. Despite being well established theoretical frameworks, technical limitations have precluded rigorous hypothesis testing. Here we aim at understanding how geographic separation over evolutionary time may have impacted chemical differentiation in the cosmopolitan plant genus Euphorbia. We use a combination of state-of-the-art computational mass spectral metabolomics tools together with cell-based high-throughput immunomodulatory testing. Our results show significant differences in specialized metabolite diversity across geographically separated phylogenetic clades. Chemical structural diversity of the highly toxic Euphorbia diterpenoids is significantly reduced in species native to the Americas, compared to Afro-Eurasia. The localization of these compounds to young stems and roots, suggest a possible ecological relevance in herbivory defense. This is further supported by reduced immunomodulatory activity in the American subclade as well as herbivore distribution patterns. We conclude that computational mass spectrometric metabolomics coupled with relevant ecological data provide a strong tool for exploring plant specialized metabolite diversity in a chemo-evolutionary framework.
Inducibility of plant secondary metabolites predicts genetic variation in resistance against a key insect herbivore in maritime pine
<p>SNP dataset in maritime pine (<em>Pinus pinaster</em>) together with the population structure (<em>Q</em>) and kinship (<em>K</em>) matrices.</p>
Fig. 3 in Bioactive metabolites from the desert plant-associated endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum (Chaetomiaceae)
Fig. 3. Comparison of the 13C NMR chemical shift values of the left part of structure 1 with those of spiciferone A (3) in the same solvent (DMSO d).
Fig. 2. 1H in Metabolite pattern in root nodules of the actinorhizal plant Casuarina equisetifolia
Fig. 2. 1H-NMR spectra of root nodule extracts of C. equisetifolia. (A) A 1H-NMR spectrum of extracts of hydrophobic compounds. (B) A 1H-NMR spectrum of extracts of hydrophilic compounds. (C) Magnified part of the 1H-NMR spectrum shown in (B). Peaks 1–6 were ascribed to tyramine, tyrosine, malate, citrate, succinate and β-glucose, respectively.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.