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11 results for “plant water potential”
Data and model scripts for "Temporal shifts in iso/anisohydry revealed from daily observations of plant water potential in a dominant desert shrub"
<p>Model code and data as used for the first revision submitted to New Phytologist, Sept. 2019. </p> <p>Models are coded in JAGS and run in R via the package "rjags." Two model versions are presented:</p> <p>1) "mod_SAM.R" and "script_SAM.R" run the full, time-varying SAM model, utilizing both the plant water potential ("res.Rdata") and the environmental covariate data ("cov2.Rdata") and associated initial values ("initsSAM.Rdata")</p> <p>2) "mod_SIMPLE.R" and "script_SIMPLE.R" run the simple, time-invariant model, utilizing only the plant water potential data ("res.Rdata") and associated initial values ("initsSIMPLE.Rdata")</p>
Plant Water Potentials and Plant Physiology at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1992)
Physiological status of plants is monitored in conjunction with the sampling schedule outlined in Sevilleta Plant Demography. Several perennial life forms, including tree (Juniperus and Pinus), shrub (Larrea) and grass (Oryzopsis and Sporobolus), are being monitored at 1-3 of four sites which differ in elevation and topography as well as edaphic and annual precipitation characteristics. For the 1990 field season we are adding a spring annual, Lesquerella to our sampling efforts at these same sites. Currently, water status (xylem potentials, bars) is monitored twice a year, in spring (after the 'dry' season) and fall (after the 'wet' season). Three replicate measurements are made on each of 10-20 individuals per species per site. Three measurements are made at pre-dawn and midday to determine the diurnal range of values for each plant. For the 1990 field season, we will also be measuring peak photosynthetic rates for selected individuals by gas exchange measurements and porometry. Together with demographic data, this data set permits assessment of the physiological bases of plant growth and reproduction in response to short- and long-term changes in abiotic and biotic aspects of the environment.
The effects of water-stress, temperature, and plant traits on the outbreak potential of a specialist and generalist spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae)
<p>The host-generalist two-spotted spider mite [<em>Tetranychus</em> <em>urticae</em> (Acari: Tetranychidae); TSM] and host-specialist Banks grass mite [<em>Oligonychus</em> <em>pratensis</em> (Acari: Tetranychidae); BGM] are common pests of corn (<em>Zea</em> <em>mays</em> L.) in the arid western United States. Climate warming and decreased precipitation may promote conditions favored by these spider mites. However, rapid evolution of spider mite resistance to commercially available acaricides is driving the need for alternative solutions for managing outbreaks. Planting of drought-tolerant corn hybrids has been proposed to be a dual-purpose strategy for mitigating water deficits for irrigation and reducing leaf conditions favorable for BGM outbreaks. However, understanding of the mechanisms responsible for reducing the BGM in the field is lacking, and determining whether outbreaks of the TSM can also be averted using drought-tolerant corn is a pressing concern. We conducted a two-year field study testing a drought-tolerant corn hybrid and an analogous drought-susceptible hybrid under water-stress with artificially-infested spider mite populations. Drought-tolerant corn had larger stem diameter, more massive cobs, and greater leaf water mass compared to the drought-susceptible corn under water stress. We also found that the BGM populations were reduced on drought-tolerant plants under water-stress, as expected, but we found an opposite trend in the TSM. Lastly, water-stressed leaves were warmer, transpired less, and had higher carbon concentration, which contributed to larger investment in eggs and growth in the BGM. We anticipate that further evaluation of irrigation and crop drought-tolerance in management of agriculture systems for multiple pest species will be increasingly impactful in arid regions.</p>
The effects of water-stress, temperature, and plant traits on the outbreak potential of a specialist and generalist spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae)
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Mesophyll photosynthetic sensitivity to leaf water potential in Eucalyptus: A new dimension of plant adaptation to native moisture supply
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Aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for wilting, stomatal closure, and embolism in woody plants
<p>The dataset of the paper "Aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for wilting, stomatal closure, and embolism in woody plants"</p>
Prolonged water-only fasting followed by a whole-plant-food diet is a potential long-term management strategy for hyper-tension and obesity
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Seed dispersal by wind decreases when plants are water-stressed, potentially counteracting species coexistence and niche evolution
<p>Hydrology is a major environmental factor determining plant fitness, and hydrological niche segregation (HNS) has been widely used to explain species coexistence. Nevertheless, the distribution of plant species along hydrological gradients does not only depend on their hydrological niches but also on their seed dispersal, with dispersal either weakening or reinforcing the effects of HNS on coexistence. However, it is poorly understood how seed dispersal responds to hydrological conditions. To close this gap, we conducted a common-garden experiment exposing five wind-dispersed plant species (Bellis perennis, Chenopodium album, Crepis sancta, Hypochaeris glabra, and H. radicata) to different hydrological conditions. We quantified the effects of hydrological conditions on seed production and dispersal traits, and simulated seed dispersal distances with a mechanistic dispersal model. We found species-specific responses of seed production, seed dispersal traits, and predicted dispersal distances to hydrological conditions. Despite these species-specific responses, there was a general positive relationship between seed production and dispersal distance: plants growing in favourable hydrological conditions not only produce more seeds but also disperse them over longer distances. This arises mostly because plants growing in favourable environments grow taller and thus disperse their seeds over longer distances. We postulate that the positive relationship between seed production and dispersal may reduce the concentration of each species to the environments favourable for it, thus counteracting species coexistence. Moreover, the resulting asymmetrical gene flow from favourable to stressful habitats may slow down the microevolution of hydrological niches, causing evolutionary niche conservatism. Accounting for context-dependent seed dispersal should thus improve ecological and evolutionary models for the spatial dynamics of plant populations and communities.</p>
Seed dispersal by wind decreases when plants are water-stressed, potentially counteracting species coexistence and niche evolution
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Data from: Plant water potential improves prediction of empirical stomatal models
Climate change is expected to lead to increases in drought frequency and severity, with deleterious effects on many ecosystems. Stomatal responses to changing environmental conditions form the backbone of all ecosystem models, but are based on empirical relationships and are not well-tested during drought conditions. Here, we use a dataset of 34 woody plant species spanning global forest biomes to examine the effect of leaf water potential on stomatal conductance and test the predictive accuracy of three major stomatal models and a recently proposed model. We find that current leaf-level empirical models have consistent biases of over-prediction of stomatal conductance during dry conditions, particularly at low soil water potentials. Furthermore, the recently proposed stomatal conductance model yields increases in predictive capability compared to current models, and with particular improvement during drought conditions. Our results reveal that including stomatal sensitivity to declining water potential and consequent impairment of plant water transport will improve predictions during drought conditions and show that many biomes contain a diversity of plant stomatal strategies that range from risky to conservative stomatal regulation during water stress. Such improvements in stomatal simulation are greatly needed to help unravel and predict the response of ecosystems to future climate extremes.
Data from: Plant water potential improves prediction of empirical stomatal models
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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