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395 results for “population change”
Quantifying changes in fish population stability using statistical early warnings of regime shifts
This data package describes long-term trends in metrics describing population stability and used as statistical early warnings of regime shifts in 29 fish species that inhabit the San Francisco Bay-Delta in central California, USA. Metrics used in this study include spatial synchrony, temporal coefficient of variation (CV), and lag-1 temporal autocorrelation. Trends were measured using ordinary least squares linear regression. These derived data were developed from abundance (as CPUE) time series based on three long-term fish monitoring studies included in https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/a29a6e674b0f8797e13fbc4b08b92e5b; the Fall Midwater Trawl Survey, Delta Juvenile Monitoring Program, and Bay Study. Selected data were from fall months (September to December) in 1980-2023, from midwater trawl and beach seine surveys for which sampling effort (e.g., tow volume) was recorded. Data on fish exceeding maximum length thresholds for age-0 fish were discarded, except for white sturgeon, where the maximum length threshold corresponded to approximately 10 years of age, the onset of reproductive maturity. Observations from different sampling stations were aggregated into 10 sub-regions (South San Francisco Bay, Central San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, Napa River, Suisun Bay, Delta Confluence, South Delta, North Delta, San Joaquin River, Sacramento River, and midwater trawl samples and beach seine samples were considered separately because the methods sample distinct habitat types. Combinations of sub-region and sampling method were considered distinct spatial units. EWI metrics were measured in 5-year rolling windows to permit assessment of changes over time. The temporal CV and lag-1 autocorrelation were measured on individual spatial unit time series, ignoring windows with >1 year of missing data. The coefficient of variation divides the standard deviation by the mean. Lag-1 autocorrelation was measured as Pearson correlation. Spatial synchrony was measured across spatial un
Forest Change and Human Populations in New England 1600-2015
As part of retrospective studies of land-use across New England, information was compiled on forest cover and human population for the New England states. The states share a common history of deforestation for agriculture followed by farm abandonment and natural reforestation with the exception of northern Maine, which was never densely settled and largely remained forested. The extent to which these secondary forests differ in structure and function from permanently wooded areas or the forests of the pre-settlement period forms a major research emphasis of Harvard Forest studies.
Population dynamics shifts by Climate Change: High resolution future mid-century trends for South America.
<p>Köppen - Geiger scripts and resulting datasets for the publication entitled "Population dynamics shifts by Climate Change: High resolution future mid-century trends for South America." This scripts can be adapted to any geographic scale and region. Works with climate change scenarios.</p> <p>Original publication: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104155">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104155</a></p> <p>Dataset description</p> <p><strong>Scripts.rar</strong>: R Scripts used in this publication, as well they are reproducible</p> <p><strong>Readme_Köppen.txt</strong>: README file that explain the requisites and data formatting to run the scripts</p> <p><strong>Output datasets.zip</strong>: Output GIS datasets of this publication. Coordinate system GCS WGS 1984</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary material for "Increased sensitivity of marine invertebrates to metal toxicity in the past two decades linked to Climate Change and Ocean Acidification: revelations from a natural population of sea urchins in the Mediterranean Sea." by "Davide Sartori, Guido Scatena, Cristina Vrinceanu, Andrea Gaion".
<p>Satellite observations of environmental factors and effect concentration 50 for copper to sea urchin, from 2003 to 2022.</p>
Relyea, R. A. 2002. Local population differences in phenotypic plasticity: Predator-induced changes in wood frog tadpoles. Ecological Monographs 72:77-93
Taxa that are divided into separate populations with low levels of interpopulation dispersal have the potential to evolve genetically based differences in their phenotypes and the plasticity of those phenotypes. These differences can be due to random processes, including genetic drift and founder effects, or they can be the result of different selection pressures among populations. I investigated population-level differences in predator- induced phenotypic plasticity in eight populations of larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) over a small geographic scale (interpopulation distances of 0.3–8 km). Using a common-garden experiment containing predator and no-predator environments, I found population differences in behavior, morphology, and life history. These responses exhibited a habitat-related pattern: the four populations from closed-canopy ponds did not differ from each other in any of their phenotypes whereas the four populations from opencanopy ponds did differ from each other in these traits. This phenotypic pattern matches the pattern of competitors and predators found in these two types of ponds. Based on two years of pond surveys, the four closed-canopy ponds contained very similar competitor and predator assemblages while the assemblages of the four open-canopy ponds were more diverse and highly variable among open-canopy ponds. When combined with past studies, which demonstrate that predators and competitors select for alternative behavioral and morphological traits, these patterns suggest that the population differences may have arisen via natural selection and not via random mutation or drift. In a second experiment, I cross-transplanted two of the populations into each other’s ponds to determine if the populations were locally adapted to the conditions of their native pond (using low and high competition crossed with the presence or absence of a lethal predator). The populations continued to exhibit phenotypic differences, and one of the two populations t
Figure 5. Changes from 1987 in Environmental influences on movements and distribution of a wild horse (Equus caballus) population in western Nevada, USA: a 25-year study
Figure 5. Changes from 1987 to 2007 in patterns of the geographic distribution of wild horses in the Montgomery Pass Wild Horse Territory (MPWHT). The central, lightly shaded area is the key summer range (KSR). The black mark within it is the highest elevation in the Territory (elevation decreases 360 degrees around it throughout). Dark shaded areas indicate regular horse use and represent> 90% of the population. Many wild horse populations in the intermountain west accommodate to seasonal conditions, spending winter at lower elevations and summer at higher elevations. The pattern across years in the MPWHT changed from summer horse concentration in the KSR to decreasing return to KSR from winter range. In addition to establishment of decreased KSR use and increased year-round use of historical winter-range areas, expansion of the geographic use areas occurred in the latter, including seasonal use beyond MPWHT map boundaries.
Figure 3 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 3. Seasonal changes in sea ice concentration, surface chl. a (from satellite) and total mass flux (a), and daylight hours (b) at St. NAPt from October 2010 to September 2012.
Figure 8 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 8. Seasonal changes in sea ice concentration, daylight hours, chl. a, and total mass flux from January to December (upper panel). The ecological characteristics of the five dominant copepods (lower panel). The open and solid bars indicate the high abundance and reproductive periods for each species, respectively.
Collapse and Continuity: A multi-proxy reconstruction of settlement organization and population trajectories in the Northern Fertile Crescent during the 4.2kya Rapid Climate Change event (dataset and R scripts)
<p>The present digital archive is the outcome of the paper: <strong>Lawrence, D., Palmisano, A., and de Gruchy, M.W., 2021. <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0244871">Collapse and Continuity: A multi-proxy reconstruction of settlement organization and population trajectories in the Northern Fertile Crescent during the 4.2kya Rapid Climate Change event</a></strong><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0244871">.</a> <em><strong>PLoS ONE</strong></em><strong>,</strong> <strong><em>16</em></strong>(1).</p> <p>The dataset included here provides a collection of <strong>920 </strong>radiocarbon dates and <strong>1070</strong> sites from archaeological surveys. In addition, the digital archive related to this paper provides reproducible analyses in the form of three scripts written in R statistical computing language.</p>
Run and output files from: Holocene population expansion of a tropical bee coincides with early human colonisation of Fiji rather than climate change
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>There is substantial debate about the relative roles of climate change and human activities on biodiversity and species demographies over the Holocene. In some cases, these two factors can be resolved using fossil data, but for many taxa such data are not available. Inferring historical demographies of taxa has become common, but the methodologies are mostly recent and their shortcomings often unexplored. The bee genus <i>Homalictus</i> is developing into a tractable model system for understanding how native bee populations in tropical islands have responded to past climate change. We greatly expand on previous studies using sequences of the mitochondrial gene COI from 474 specimens and between 171 and 3,928 autosomal (DArTSeq) SNP loci from 19 specimens of the native Fijian bee, <i>Homalictus fijiensis</i> (Perkins & Cheesman, 1928), to explore its historical demography using coalescent and mismatch analyses. We ask whether past changes in demography were human- or climate-driven, while considering analytical assumptions. We show that inferred changes in population sizes are too recent to be explained by past climate change. Instead we find that a dramatic increase in population size for the main island of Viti Levu coincides with increasing occupation by humans and their modification of the environment. We found no corresponding change in bee population size for another major island, Kadavu, where human populations and agricultural activities have been historically very low. Our analyses indicate that molecular approaches can be used to disentangle the impacts of humans and climate change on a major tropical pollinator and that stringent analytical approaches are required for reliable interpretation of results. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic - Estimates for Local Authority Districts
<p><strong>Overview:</strong></p> <p>Population estimates from the publication: <em>Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.</em> </p> <p>Population estimates were aggregated to Local Authority Districts (LADs). </p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong></p> <p>Population estimates were extracted from Bing Tiles (Zoom Level 12) to 2019 LADs by assigning tiles to LADs by their percent areal overlap. This method assumes constant population distribution across a single Bing Tile.</p> <p>2019 LAD boundaries are available from the <a href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/local-authority-districts-december-2019-boundaries-uk-bfc/explore">UK Government Open Geography Portal</a>.</p> <p> </p>
Data and code for: Nonlinear life table response analysis: Decomposing nonlinear and nonadditive population growth responses to changes in environmental drivers
<p>Life table response experiments (LTREs) decompose differences in population growth rate between environments into separate contributions from each underlying demographic rate. However, most LTRE analyses make the unrealistic assumption that the relationships between demographic rates and environmental drivers are linear and independent, which may result in diminished accuracy when these assumptions are violated. In this study, we compare the relative efficacy of linear and second-order LTRE analyses in capturing changes in population growth rate caused by environmental driver changes. To explore this question, we analyze demographic data collected for three long-lived plant species: <em>Ardisia escallonioides</em> (Pascarella & Horvitz, 1998), <em>Silene acaulis</em>, and <em>Bistorta vivipara</em> (Doak & Morris, 2010). This repository includes data files containing vital rate (survival, growth, reproduction) observations or models for our three case studies, as well as an R script in which we use these demographic data to calculate linear and second-order LTRE approximations of changes in population growth rate for each system and generate the figures we present in our paper.</p>
Group and individual social network metrics are robust to changes in resource distribution in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p>Social interactions drive many important ecological and evolutionary processes. It is therefore essential to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that underlie social patterns. A central tenet of the field of behavioral ecology is the expectation that the distribution of resources shapes patterns of social interactions.</p> <p>We combined experimental manipulations with social network analyses to ask how patterns of resource distribution influence complex social interactions.</p> <p>We experimentally manipulated the distribution of an essential food and reproductive resource in semi-natural populations of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus). We aggregated resources into discrete clumps in half of the populations and evenly dispersed resources in the other half. We then observed social interactions between individually marked beetles. Half-way through the experiment, we reversed the resource distribution in each population, allowing us to control any demographic or behavioral differences between our experimental populations. At the end of the experiment, we compared individual and group social network characteristics between the two resource distribution treatments.</p> <p>We found a statistically significant but quantitatively small effect of resource distribution on individual social network position and detected no effect on group social network structure. Individual connectivity (individual strength) and individual cliquishness (local clustering coefficient) increased in environments with clumped resources, but this difference explained very little of the variance in individual social network position. Individual centrality (individual betweenness) and measures of overall social structure (network density, average shortest path length, and global clustering coefficient) did not differ between environments with dramatically different distributions of resources.</p> <p>Our results illustrate that the resource environment, despite being fundamental to our understanding of social systems, does not always play a central role in shaping social interactions. Instead, our results suggests that sex differences and temporally fluctuating environmental conditions may be more important in determining patterns of social interactions.</p>
Data and code for "Changing allometric relationships among fossil and Recent populations in two colonial species"
<p>MEPS.plus.xlsx (dataset from Di Martino & Liow 2021)</p> <p>Microporella_allometry_22.03.2022.xlsx (Sheet 1: Measurement data; Sheet 2: Fossil sample metadata; Sheet 3: Recent samples metadata)</p> <p>allo.10.R (code)</p>
Differential changes in lifecycle-event phenology provide a window into regional population declines
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Climate change affects the phenology of annual lifecycle events of organisms, such as reproduction and migration. Shifts in the timing of these events could have important population implications directly, or provide information about the mechanisms driving population trajectories, especially if they differ between lifecycle event. We examine if such shifts occur in a declining migratory passerine bird (Willow Warbler, <em>Phylloscopus trochilus</em>), which exhibits latitudinally diverging population trajectories. We find evidence of phenological shifts in breeding initiation, breeding progression and moult that differ across geographic and spring temperature gradients. Moult initiation following warmer springs advances faster in the south than in the north, resulting in proportionally shorter breeding seasons, reflecting higher nest failure rates in the south and in warmer years. Tracking shifts in multiple lifecycle events allowed us to identify points of failure in the breeding cycle in regions where the species has negative population trends, thereby demonstrating the utility of phenology analyses for illuminating mechanistic pathways underlying observed population trajectories.</span></p>
Temporal change in the contribution of immigration to population growth in a wild seabird experiencing rapid population decline
<p>The source-sink paradigm predicts that populations in poorer-quality habitats ("sinks") persist due to continued immigration from more-productive areas ("sources"). However, this categorisation of populations assumes that habitat quality is fixed through time. Globally, we are in an era of wide-spread habitat degradation, and consequently, there is a pressing need to examine dispersal dynamics in relation to local population change. We used an integrated population model to quantify immigration dynamics in a long-lived colonial seabird, the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, that is classified as globally "Vulnerable". We then used a transient life table response experiment to evaluate the contribution of temporal variation in vital rates, immigration rates, and population structure to realised population growth. Finally, we used a simulation analysis to examine the importance of immigration to population dynamics. We show that the contribution of immigration changed as the population declined. This study demonstrates that immigration is unlikely to maintain vulnerable sink populations indefinitely, emphasising the need for temporal analyses of dispersal to identify shifts that may have dramatic consequences for population viability.</p>
Data from: Climate change and population persistence in a hibernating marsupial
<p>Climate change has physiological consequences on organisms, ecosystems, and human societies, surpassing the pace of organismal adaptation. Hibernating mammals are particularly vulnerable as winter survival is determined by short-term physiological changes triggered by temperature. In these animals, winter temperatures cannot surpass certain threshold, above which hibernators arouse from torpor, increasing several fold their energy needs when food is unavailable. Here, we parameterized a numerical model predicting energy consumption in heterothermic species, and modeled winter survival at different climate change scenarios. As a model species, we used the arboreal marsupial monito del monte (genus <em>Dromiciops</em>) which is recognized as one of the few South America hibernators. We modeled four climate change scenarios (from optimistic to pessimistic), based on IPCC projections, predicting that northern and coastal populations (<em>Dromiciops bozinovici</em>) will decline because the minimum number of cold days needed to survive the winter will not be attained. These populations are also the most affected by habitat fragmentation and change in land use. Conversely, Andean and other highland populations at cooler environments, are predicted to persist and thrive. Given the widespread presence of hibernating mammals around the world, models based on simple physiological parameters such as this one, are becoming essential for predicting species responses to warming in the short term.</p>
Figure 4 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 4. Relationship between amoeboid protist richness and soil parameters during the wet season in three microhabitats by CCA: PL: Pr. laevigata, PP: Pa. praecox, and BS: bare soil. The names and abbreviations of the amoeboid protist species can be found in table 3.
Figure 2 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 2. Cumulative richness plots of amoeboid protists present under Pr. laevigata (PL), Pa. praecox (PP) and bare soil (BS) during dry and wet seasons at 0–30 cm. a) eruptive pseudopods, and b) acanthopodial pseudopods. ND: not determined.
Figure 1 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 1. Study area, showing vegetation patches in the desert of Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico. In addition, the analyzed microhabitats are shown: Pr. laevigata, Pa. praecox and bare soil.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.