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76 results for “population recovery”
Data from: Natural coral recovery despite negative population growth
<p>Demographic processes that ensure the recovery and resilience of marine populations are critical as climate change sends an increasing proportion on a trajectory of decline. Yet for some populations, recovery potential remains high. We conducted annual monitoring over 9-years (2012–2020) to assess the recovery of coral<em> </em>populations belonging to genus <em>Pocillopora</em>. These populations experienced a catastrophic collapse following a severe typhoon in 2009. From the start of the monitoring period, high initial recruitment led to the establishment of a juvenile population that rapidly transitioned to sexually mature adults, which dominated the population within six years after the disturbance. As a result, coral cover increased from 1.1% to 20.2% during this time. To identify key demographic drivers of recovery and population growth rates (λ), we applied kernel resampled Integral Projection Models (IPMs), constructing eight successive models to examine annual change. IPMs were able to capture reproductive traits as key demographic drivers over the initial 3 years, whilst individual growth was a continuous key demographic driver throughout the entire monitoring period. IPMs further detected a pulse of reproductive output subsequent to two further Category 5 typhoon events during the monitoring period, exemplifying key mechanisms of resilience for coral populations impacted by disturbance. Despite rapid recovery, (i.e., increased coral cover, individual colony growth, low mortality), IPMs estimated predominantly negative values of λ, indicating a declining population. Indeed, whilst λ translates to a change in the number of individuals, the recovery of coral populations can also be driven by an increase in the size of coral surviving colonies. Our results illustrate that accumulating long-term data of historical dynamics and applying IPMs to extract demographic drivers are crucial for future predictions that are based on comprehensive and robust understandings of ecological change. </p>
Fig. 2 in Improvement in Survivorship: The Key for Population Recovery?
Fig. 2. Lateral view of the teeth eruption schedule of O. flavescens pups (extracted from Crespo 1988). Category A: milk and permanent teeth present (mi: milk incisor; mpct: milk postcanine teeth; mct: milk canine teet; pi: permanent incisor h) and the permanent canine teeth (pct) inside the alveolus; Category B: mct, pi and permanent postcanine teeth (ppct) present; Category C: mct are lost and pct remain inside the alveolus; Category D: pct erupt through the gum and become visible.
Fig. 1 in Improvement in Survivorship: The Key for Population Recovery?
Fig. 1. Detailed study area with the current distribution of Otaria flavescens colonies at northern Patagonia
Fig. 4 in Improvement in Survivorship: The Key for Population Recovery?
Fig. 4. Age-frequency distribution of female (n = 70) and male (n = 109) pups by age-class category from northern Patagonia collected between 2000-2008.
Fig. 3 in Improvement in Survivorship: The Key for Population Recovery?
Fig. 3. Age-frequency distribution of female (n = 210) and male (n = 214) South American sea lions from northern Patagonia collected between 2000-2008.
Fig. 6 in Improvement in Survivorship: The Key for Population Recovery?
Fig. 6. Survivorship curves for recent (grey) and past (white) female sea lions. Parameter values for the full model are given in table 5. Age is expressed as proportion of longevity, Ω.
Fig. 5 in Improvement in Survivorship: The Key for Population Recovery?
Fig. 5. Survivorship curves for male (black) and female (grey) sea lions from 2000-2008. Parameter values for the full model are given in table 4. Age is expressed as proportion of longevity, Ω.
Capacity for recovery in Bornean orangutan populations if both forest fragmentation and offtake are limited
<p>Spatial layers to run RangeShifter for orangutan populations across Borneo for the three subspecies (<em>Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, P. p. wurmbii </em>and <em>P. p. morio</em>).</p> <p>Each subspecies has four associated layers, defined for two fragmentation scenarios Status quo (current levels of fragmentation) and Extreme fragmentation (fragments less than 5,000 ha removed). 1). Habitat, defines the 1/b values for populations intersecting the specific habitat types. 2). Patches, delineates discrete areas of suitable orangutan habitat, each with a unique ID. 3). Resistance, accumulative cost to an orangutan of moving across that landscape and 4). Start_patches, specifies which patches should be initialised with orangutans present at year 0 of the model run. </p>
Data from: Natural coral recovery despite negative population growth
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Europeans support large carnivore recovery while opposing both further population growth and hunting
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Data from: Genomic signatures of population bottleneck and recovery in Northwest Atlantic pinnipeds
Population increases over the past several decades provide natural settings in which to study the evolutionary processes that occur during bottleneck, growth, and spatial expansion. We used parallel natural experiments of historical decline and subsequent recovery in two sympatric pinniped species in the Northwest Atlantic, the gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) and harbor seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina), to study the impact of recent demographic change in genomic diversity. Using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, we assessed genomic diversity at over 8,700 polymorphic gray seal loci and 3,700 polymorphic harbor seal loci in samples from multiple cohorts collected throughout recovery over the past half‐century. Despite significant differences in the degree of genetic diversity assessed in the two species, we found signatures of historical bottlenecks in the contemporary genomes of both gray and harbor seals. We evaluated temporal trends in diversity across cohorts, as well as compared samples from sites at both the center and edge of a recent gray seal range expansion, but found no significant change in genomewide diversity following recovery. We did, however, find that the variance and degree of allele frequency change measured over the past several decades were significantly different from neutral expectations of drift under population growth. These two cases of well‐described demographic history provide opportunities for critical evaluation of current approaches to simulating and understanding the genetic effects of historical demographic change in natural populations.
Country‐wide genetic monitoring over 21 years reveals lag in genetic recovery despite spatial connectivity in an expanding carnivore (Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra) population
<p>Numerous terrestrial mammal species have experienced extensive population declines during past centuries, due largely to anthropogenic pressures. For some species, including the Eurasian otter (<em>Lutra lutra</em>), environmental and legal protection has more recently led to population growth and recolonisation of parts of their historic ranges. While heralded as conservation successes, only a few such recoveries have been examined from a genetic perspective, i.e. whether genetic variability and connectivity have been restored. We here use large-scale and long-term genetic monitoring data from UK otters, whose population underwent a well-documented population decline between the 1950s to 1970s, to explore the dynamics of a population re-expansion over a 21-year period. We genotyped otters from across Wales and England at five time points between 1994 and 2014 using 15 microsatellite loci. We used this combination of long-term temporal and large-scale spatial sampling to evaluate 3 hypotheses relating to genetic recovery; that (i) gene flow between sub-populations would increase over time, (ii) genetic diversity of previously isolated populations would increase, and that (iii) genetic structuring would weaken over time. Although we found an increase in inter-regional gene flow and admixture levels among subpopulations, there was no significant temporal change in either heterozygosity or allelic richness. Genetic structuring among the main sub-populations hence remained strong and showed a clear historical continuity. These findings highlight an underappreciated aspect of population recovery of endangered species, that genetic recovery may often lag behind the processes of spatial and demographic recovery. In other words, the restoration of physical connectivity of populations does not necessarily lead to genetic connectivity. Our findings emphasise the need for genetic data as an integral part of conservation monitoring, to enable the potential vulnerability of populations to be evaluated.</p>
A big data–model integration approach for predicting epizootics and population recovery in a keystone species
<p>Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global health and biodiversity. Yet, predicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of wildlife epizootics remains challenging. Disease outbreaks result from complex non-linear interactions among a large collection of variables that rarely adhere to the assumptions of parametric regression modeling. We adopted a non-parametric machine learning approach to model wildlife epizootics and population recovery, using the disease system of colonial black-tailed prairie dogs (BTPD, <em>Cynomys ludovicianus</em>) and sylvatic plague as an example. We synthesized colony data between 2001–2020 from eight USDA Forest Service National Grasslands across the range of BTPD in central North America. We then modeled extinctions due to plague and colony recovery of BTPD in relation to complex interactions among climate, topoedaphic variables, colony characteristics, and disease history. Extinctions due to plague occurred more frequently when BTPD colonies were spatially clustered, in closer proximity to colonies decimated by plague during the previous year, following cooler than average temperatures the previous summer, and when wetter winter/springs were preceded by drier summer/falls. Rigorous cross-validations and spatial predictions indicated that our final models predicted plague outbreaks and colony recovery in BTPD with high accuracy (e.g., AUC generally > 0.80). Thus, these spatially-explicit models can reliably predict the spatial and temporal dynamics of wildlife epizootics and subsequent population recovery in a highly complex host-pathogen system. Our models can be used to support strategic management planning (e.g., plague mitigation) to optimize benefits of this keystone species to associated wildlife communities and ecosystem functioning. This optimization can reduce conflicts among different landowners and resource managers, as well as economic losses to the ranching industry. More broadly, our big data–model integration approach provides a general framework for spatially-explicit forecasting of disease-induced population fluctuations, for use in natural resource management decision-making.</p>
Data from: Population recovery and occurrence of the endemic Rhine sculpin (Cottus rhenanus)
<p>Two datasets belonging to the paper "Population recovery and occurrence of the endemic Rhine sculpin (<em>Cottus rhenanus</em>)" published in Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, are provided here. Since little was known about the occurrence, densities and habitat use of<em> C. rhenanus, </em>this study was conducted. The study area was located in the River Geul and tributaries, in the south of the Netherlands.</p> <p>The first dataset "WFD 2005-2010-2015 fish data.csv" contains data of fish in transects sampled as part of ecological status assessments of water systems according to the EU Water Framework Directive. Average 300-metre transects in upstream direction in one run using handheld backpack electrofishing equipment. The second dataset "Habitat characterization Cottus rhenanus 2014.csv" contains data of the Rhine sculpin (and other encountered fish species) in relation to its habitat. The data were collected in the same way as described above. In addition, we estimated the relative abundance of each sediment type (bed substratum) per transect, which yielded the ordinal categories: 0%, <5%, 5-10%, 11-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, and 76-100%. Distinguished sediment types were silt (mud/sludge), sand, fine granule (0.1-20 mm), pebble (21-65 mm), cobble (66-200 mm), and boulder (>200 mm). Furthermore, we estimated the percentage area of large structures (e.g., woody debris) and riffles. Finally, we measured stream width (m) and depth (cm). This was done by recording width with a tape measure and depth with a measuring rod at five (beginning, middle, end and two representatives in between) locations in a transect. The mean values were recorded as stream width and depth. The included coordinates refer to the start and end of a transect. The coordinate system used here concerns Amersfoort RD (EPSG: 28992). </p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>The Rhine sculpin (<em>Cottus rhenanus</em>) is a benthic rheophilic fish species that is endemic to tributaries of the rivers Rhine and Meuse in North-western Europe. Little is known about its occurrence and individuals density in relation to habitat characteristics. A core population of <em>C. rhenanus</em> occurs in the River Geul in the Netherlands. Since the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, this river was heavily polluted by communal and industrial wastewater, causing a strong population decline. As the core population of <em>C. rhenanus</em> is recovering, the status, distribution, and habitat use should be studied to facilitate recovery in other locations. <em>Cottus rhenanus</em> density of individuals significantly increased over the period 2005-2015 and it became one of the most abundant fish species in assemblages. Negative relationships were observed between <em>C. rhenanus</em> densities and a high abundance of boulders (> 200 mm), large structures such as woody debris, and water depth. The population increase and recolonization of <em>C. rhenanus</em> coincided with water quality improvement, which suggests that this fish species can be used to assess small streams ecosystem integrity. The recent range expansion of the Ponto-Caspian round goby (<em>Neogobius melanostomus</em>) poses a high risk of negative effects on <em>C. rhenanus</em> populations via food and shelter competition. Further water quality improvement, habitat conservation, and prevention of the spread of invasive gobies could favour <em>C. rhenanus</em> populations within their natural range.</p>
IV Acetaminophen for Post-Operative Pain Management in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Population
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03198871. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 31.
A big data–model integration approach for predicting epizootics and population recovery in a keystone species
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Archaeogenomic analysis of Chesapeake Atlantic sturgeon illustrates shaping of its populations in recovery from severe overexploitation
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Data from: Genomic signatures of population bottleneck and recovery in Northwest Atlantic pinnipeds
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Establishing foundations: Designing a long-term experiment to evaluate whether nestboxes assist population recovery of an endangered species after fire
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Country‐wide genetic monitoring over 21 years reveals lag in genetic recovery despite spatial connectivity in an expanding carnivore (Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra) population
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.