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40 results for “post-mating”
A re-analysis of an existing Drosophila melanogaster dataset reveals a new set of genes involved in post-mating response
<p>The figures and tables presented here are part of a manuscript submitted for publication by Chloe J. Bennett and Rodolfo Aramayo entitled:</p> <p><strong>"A re-Analysis of an existing <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> dataset reveals a new set of genes involved in post-mating response"</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a commonly used method to identify changes in gene expression between two conditions. The analysis of RNA-seq output is complicated, with the possibility of getting different results from the same raw data. We developed and deployed four parallel pipelines to reanalyze an existing dataset of two female Drosophila melanogaster tissue types before and after mating. The Drosophila post-mating response (PMR) is a well-characterized suite of changes that occur after mating, accompanied by a flux in gene expression. In comparing our study with the previous analysis of this dataset, we find our results to be more stringent, though we do identify a number of significant genes not found before. We also found variation among our own separate experiments, with gene-to-transcript isoform number and index building playing important roles in outcome. Finally, we identified a set of genes found by our pipeline that were not identified by the previous study and proposed potential roles for these genes in post-mating biology. Together, this work presents a critique of current RNA-seq analysis techniques and proposes multiple workflow adjustments that can increase the sensitivity, specificity, and stringency of differential gene expression studies.</p>
Female reproductive fluid increases the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection by prolonging egg fertilization window
<p>Female reproductive fluid, the fluid that surrounds the eggs, has attracted increasing attention for its role in fertilization and post-mating sexual selection through its effects on sperm traits. Surprisingly, however, only a few studies have investigated the effects of female reproductive fluid on the eggs. Yet, these effects might offer great potential to affect fertilization dynamics by, for example, increasing the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection. Here, we determined whether, by extending the egg fertilization window (time available for egg fertilization), the female reproductive fluid could also increase the opportunities for multiple paternity. Using the Zebrafish Danio rerio we first tested the prediction that female reproductive fluid increases the egg fertilization window, and then, using a split-brood design with sperm of two males added at different times after eggs activation, we tested whether the degree of multiple paternity varies in presence or absence of female reproductive fluid. Our results reveal the potential of the female reproductive fluid to increase multiple paternity throughout its effects on the egg fertilization window thus broadening our knowledge of the mechanisms females in externally fertilizing species affect post-mating sexual selection.</p>
Female reproductive fluid increases the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection by prolonging egg fertilization window
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Data from: Mating patterns and post-mating isolation in three cryptic species of the Engystomops petersi species complex
Determining the extent of reproductive isolation in cryptic species with dynamic geographic ranges can give us important insights into the processes that generate and maintain genetic divergence in the absence of severe geographic barriers. We studied mating patterns, propensity to crossbreed in nature and subsequent fertilization rates, as well as survival and development of hybrid F1 offspring for three species of the E. petersi species complex in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador. We found at least two species in five out of seven locations sampled, and 14.3% of the wild pairs genotyped were heterospecific crosses. We also found reduced fertilization rates in hybrid crosses between E. petersi females and E. "magnus" males, and between E. "magnus" females and E. "selva" males but not in the opposite hybrid crosses, suggesting asymmetric reproductive isolation for these species. Larval development time decreased in F1 hybrid crosses compared to conspecific F1s, but we did not find any reduction in larval survival or early metamorph survival. Our results show evidence of post-mating isolation for at least two hybrid crosses of the cryptic species we studied. The general decrease in fertilization rates in heterospecific crosses suggests that sexual selection and reinforcement might have not only contributed to the pattern of call variation and behavioral isolation we see between species today, but they may also contribute to further signal divergence and behavioral evolution, especially in locations where hybridization is common and fertilization success is diminished.
Female reproductive fluid and male seminal fluid: A non-gametic conflict for post-mating control
<p>Growing evidence shows that non-gametic components released by both males and females can significantly drive sperm competition outcomes. Seminal fluid (SF) was shown to influence paternity success by affecting rival males' sperm performance, and, in some species with male alternative reproductive tactics, to selectively decrease the fertilization success of males of the opposite tactic. Female reproductive fluid (FRF) has been proven to differentially influence ejaculates of different males and bias fertilization towards specific partners. Whether, and with what outcome, these two processes can intersect to influence sperm competition is still unknown. Here we explore this scenario in the grass goby (<em>Zosterisessor ophiocephalus</em>), a fish with territorial-sneaker reproductive tactics, where sneaker males can exploit the territorials' SF while penalizing territorial sperm performance with their own fluid. To test whether FRF can rebalance the ejaculate competition in favour of territorial males, we used in vitro fertilization with a SF mixture (territorial + sneaker), using increasing concentrations of FRF, to simulate the natural conditions that ejaculates encounter towards the eggs. Our findings revealed a differential effect of FRF on the different tactics' fertilization success, favouring territorial ejaculates, possibly through an attenuation of the detrimental effects of sneaker SF, and enabling females to regain control over the fertilization process.</p>
Female reproductive fluid and male seminal fluid: A non-gametic conflict for post-mating control
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Data from: Mating patterns and post-mating isolation in three cryptic species of the Engystomops petersi species complex
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Dominance rank, facial morphology, and testes size in male white-faced capuchins: evidence for pre- and post-mating competition
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Data from: The effects of synthetic estrogen exposure on pre-mating and post-mating episodes of selection in sex-role-reversed Gulf pipefish
Environmental estrogens have been shown to affect populations of aquatic organisms in devastating ways, including feminization of males, alterations in mating behaviors, and disruption of sexual selection. Studies have shown 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure to induce female-like secondary sexual traits in male Gulf pipefish, changing how females perceive affected males. We aimed to understand the effects of EE2 exposure on the sex-role-reversed mating system and the strength of selection in Gulf pipefish. We used artificial Gulf pipefish breeding aggregations and microsatellite-based parentage analysis to determine maternity. We then calculated the opportunity for selection and selection differentials on body size for both sexes during three consecutive episodes of selection. Exposure to EE2 did not affect the strength of selection, likely due to the unusual sex-role-reversed mating system found in this species. With respect to multiply mated females, EE2 exposed females produced more eggs with higher embryo survivorship than non-exposed females. Thus, short-term exposure to low concentrations (2.0 ng/L) of EE2 in Gulf pipefish enhanced female reproductive success. However, higher EE2 concentrations (5.0 ng/L) caused complete reproductive failure in Gulf pipefish males. These results call for more work on the long-term effects of EE2 exposure in Gulf pipefish in artificial and natural populations.
Wolbachia strengthens the match between pre-mating and early post-mating isolation in spider mites
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Fig. 3 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 3. Effect of female and male density on female post-mating fecundity and the egg hatching rate. A–B) Female fecundity, C–D) Egg hatching rate. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 29–40). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-Quartile range.
Fig. 2 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 2. Effect of female and male density on the female post-mating duration of the egg-laying period and longevity. A–B) Female longevity, C–D) Duration of egg laying. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 29–40). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-quartile range.
Fig. 1 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 1. Effect of female and male density on time from pairing to successful mating and mating duration of Plagiodera versicolora. A–B) Time from pairing to successful mating, C–D) Mating duration. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 30–41). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-Quartile range.
Fig. 4 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 4. Effect of female and male density on the female post-mating number of egg clutches and the number of eggs per clutch. A–B) Number of egg clutches, C–D) Number of eggs per clutch. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 29–40). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-Quartile range.
Figure 10 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 10. Transition of upper cloud forests and paramo at 3400 m in El Baho (Cordillera de Mérida) with bamboo clumps growing more than 2 m high, the Cheimas opalinus larval host plant (in the left upper corner in the foreground) (photo: B. Benedek, 28 January 2009).
Figure 8 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 8. Cheimas opalinus spectra showing reflectivity of hind wing dorsal wing surface in the discal area for various populations and individuals. (a) C. o. opalinus males (158–159, 180–181) and female (159) with blue-green patch; (b) C. o rosalinus males (162–163) and female (160) with bluegreen patch. (c) C. o. opalinus (165) and C. o. rosalinus (161) females without blue patch.
Figure 6 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 6. Scaling of Cheimas opalinus. (a) C. opalinus opalinus female hind wing dorsal surface showing the edge of the structural colour patch; the folded apices of the colour-generating scales are well visible, as well as the flat ordinary scales with brown coloration; (b) female ventral hind wing surface discal area showing that there are no hairs; (c) male ventral hind wing discal area showing dense hairiness; (d) lateral view of the male wing membrane showing the short hairs more or less perpendicular to the ventral wing surface (upper surface) and the longer hairs of the wing dorsal surface (lower surface) (scale, 1 mm).
Figure 4 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 4. Lasiophila lucuma Pyrcz in copula (Ampay, Peru) illustrating a typical mating posture of Satyrinae, with the female hind wings closed over the male's wings.
Figure 5 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 5. Frequency of the categories of the patch fading and wing damaging indices in males and females of all examined Cheimas opalinus specimens. (a) Males; (b) females (index categories explained in the text; for data table see Online Supplemental Material).
Figure 3 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 3. Different stages of blue patch fading and wing damaging in males and females of Cheimas opalinus: (a) young male of C. o. cristalinus (Pico Tonojo); (b) old male with signs of bird attack (Pico Tonojo); (c) another old male with signs of bird attack (Pico Tonojo); (d) young, virgin female of C. o. opalinus (El Potrero); (e) young, virgin female of C. o. rosalinus (Agua de Obispo); (f) young, mated female of C. o. dominici (El Baho) without patch.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.