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56 results for “prairie dog”
Gunnison's Prairie Dog Restoration Experiment (GPDREx): Vegetation Cover Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2011-2016)
Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are burrowing rodents considered to be ecosystem engineers and keystone species of the central grasslands of North America. Yet, prairie dog populations have declined by an estimated 98% throughout their historic range. This dramatic decline has resulted in the widespread loss of their important ecological role throughout this grassland system. The 92,060 ha Sevilleta NWR in central New Mexico includes more than 54,000 ha of native grassland. Gunnison's prairie dogs (C. gunnisoni) were reported to occupy ~15,000 ha of what is now the SNWR during the 1960's, prior to their systematic eradication. In 2010, we collaborated with local agencies and conservation organizations to restore the functional role of prairie dogs to the grassland system. Gunnison's prairie dogs were reintroduced to a site that was occupied by prairie dogs 40 years ago. This work is part of a larger, long-term study where we are studying the ecological effects of prairie dogs as they re-colonize the grassland ecosystem.
Gunnison's Prairie Dog Restoration Experiment (GPDREx): Population Dynamics within Grasslands at the Sevilleta National Widlife Refuge, New Mexico
Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are burrowing rodents considered to be ecosystem engineers and keystone species of the central grasslands of North America. Yet, prairie dog populations have declined by an estimated 98% throughout their historic range. This dramatic decline has resulted in the widespread loss of their important ecological role throughout this grassland system. The 92,060 ha Sevilleta NWR in central New Mexico includes more than 54,000 ha of native grassland. Gunnison’s prairie dogs (C. gunnisoni) were reported to occupy ~15,000 ha of what is now the SNWR during the 1960’s, prior to their systematic eradication. In 2010, we collaborated with local agencies and conservation organizations to restore the functional role of prairie dogs to the grassland system. Gunnison’s prairie dogs were reintroduced to a site that was occupied by prairie dogs 40 years ago. This work is part of a larger, long-term study where we are studying the ecological effects of prairie dogs as they re-colonize the grassland ecosystem.
Fig. 3 in Prairie dog responses to vector control and vaccination during an initial Yersinia pestis invasion
Fig. 3. Predicted re-encounter rates (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) over a single trapping interval (2007–2008) for adult female and male black-tailed prairie dogs inoculated at Conata Basin, South Dakota in 2007 with F1–V fusion protein vaccine or placebo on the no dust and dusted plots (the latter with flea control). Sample sizes are depicted above the 95% CIs.
Fig. 1 in Prairie dog responses to vector control and vaccination during an initial Yersinia pestis invasion
Fig. 1. Categories of flea vector control (deltamethrin dust) and F1–V fusion protein plague vaccination (V = vaccine, P = placebo, N = no inoculation) used for analyses of black-tailed prairie dog annual re-encounter rates (2007–2008 and 2008–2009) at Conata Basin, South Dakota. Annual re-encounter rates were compared for subsets of animals, here each enclosed by unique rectangles. Sample sizes are depicted in subsequent figures with results from multivariate analyses.
Fig. 5 in Prairie dog responses to vector control and vaccination during an initial Yersinia pestis invasion
Fig. 5. Predicted re-encounter rates (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) over a single trapping interval 2007–2008 for non-inoculated adult and juvenile blacktailed prairie dogs on the no dust and dusted plots (the latter with flea control) at Conata Basin, South Dakota. Sample sizes are depicted above the 95% CIs.
Fig. 2 in Prairie dog responses to vector control and vaccination during an initial Yersinia pestis invasion
Fig. 2. Predicted flea parasitism (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) on blacktailed prairie dogs at the no dust and dusted plots, 2007–2008 at Conata Basin, South Dakota (prevalence on the left, intensity on the right). Prairie dog burrows on the dusted plots were treated annually with deltamethrin dust at ~4–6 g per burrow. Model predictions adjust (i.e., control) for year and Julian day (adjusted here as year 2008, and Julian day 212 for prevalence and 200 for intensity). Flea intensity data were log-transformed (log10) for analysis; hence, predicted flea intensity and 95% CIs could extend below 0. Sample sizes are depicted above the 95% CIs.
Fig. 4 in Prairie dog responses to vector control and vaccination during an initial Yersinia pestis invasion
Fig. 4. Predicted re-encounter rates (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) over two trapping intervals (2007–2008 and 2008–2009) for adult female and male black-tailed prairie dogs in Conata Basin, South Dakota inoculated in 2007 or 2008 with F1–V fusion protein vaccine or placebo on the dusted plots (with flea control). Sample sizes are depicted above or below the 95% CIs.
Fig. 7 in Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: An example with fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 7. Probabilities of flea occupancy (W) for black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in differing body condition during May–September 2011, at the Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico. The solid line depicts estimates of occupancy and dotted lines depict 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 4 in Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: An example with fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 4. Model-averaged probabilities for detecting fleas (p) on a black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) during May–September 2011, at the Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico. Bars depict 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 3 in Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: An example with fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 3. Indices for and estimates of flea prevalence on prairie dogs inside old colonies. The estimates are model-averaged values from occupancy models that accounted for imperfect detection of fleas. The naïve indices do not consider imperfect detection. Gains in precision (95% confidence interval) when estimating prevalence are depicted on the right. Confidence intervals for the estimates of prevalence during July–September are very small.
Fig. 2 in Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: An example with fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 2. The robust design for occupancy models of flea prevalence on black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Prairie dogs were sampled during primary occasions in different months of the year (May–September 2012). Each primary occasion comprised three secondary occasions (combings) during which fleas might be detected (p = probability of detection, given presence). A prairie dog was ''open'' to colonization by fleas between primary occasions. Once a prairie dog was colonized, it was occupied by fleas during all subsequent primary occasions (thus, the extinction probability, E, was fixed at zero, once a prairie dog was occupied by fleas). Closure was assumed during the secondary occasions, but we used behavioral covariates to account for removal of fleas from hosts during each secondary combing (REMOVAL1 and REMOVAL2, see text). In the example encounter history, a '1' indicates that at least one flea was detected during a combing event, and a '0' indicates that no fleas were detected.
Fig. 5 in Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: An example with fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 5. Model-averaged probabilities of flea occupancy (W) and flea colonization (γ) for black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in old and young colonies, and natural and translocation colonies during May–September 2011, at the Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico (see Fig. 1 and text for colony descriptions). Bars depict 95% confidence intervals. We do not report estimates of colonization for September, because few prairie dogs were sampled in that month.
Fig. 1 in Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: An example with fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 1. Map of the study area within the Vermejo Park Ranch, Colfax County, New Mexico, showing old and young, and natural and translocation colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Gray areas indicate extent of prairie dog colonies in 2009.
Fig. 6 in Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: An example with fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 6. Probabilities of flea occupancy (W) and flea colonization (γ) for black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in plots with differing densities of prairie dogs during May–September 2011, at the Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico. Solid lines depict estimates and dotted lines depict 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 1 in Evaluating the use of a low dose fipronil bait in reducing black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) fleas at reduced application rates
Fig. 1. Flea prevalence (0.0–1.0) during pre-treatment and post-treatment for (A) captured black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus); and (B) active burrows. Vertical bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Fig. 2 in Plague transforms positive effects of precipitation on prairie dogs to negative effects
Fig. 2. Relationship between visual count changes in prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and annual precipitation (cm) on plots without plague management and with plague management by treating burrows with deltamethrin dust for flea control. Population change (λ) was indexed by visual counts conducted in mid-summer of adults plus juveniles, and annual precipitation was cumulative during the 12-month period prior to the typical date of the second count (interval of 1 July-30 June). Visual counts are presented as treated in the analysis (re-scaled λ, natural log transformed), although the repeated measures analysis retained the pairings of treatments that cannot be illustrated here. Points above the dashed line indicate population increases; points below the dashed line indicate population declines with points on the zero-line indicating population collapse to 0 animals.
Fig. 1 in Plague transforms positive effects of precipitation on prairie dogs to negative effects
Fig. 1. Study sites in the western United States where the influence of precipitation on prairie dog population change was evaluated on paired plots with and without deltamethrin treatment to control the flea vectors of plague. Prairie dog sketch by D. Crawford.
Fig. 1 in Estimating parasite infrapopulation size given imperfect detection: Proof-of-concept with ectoparasitic fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 1. Left: Frequency histogram of raw (field) flea count indices from prairie dogs. Middle and right: Huggins closed captures model estimates for fleas combed from prairie dogs, including a histogram of estimated flea counts (infrapopulation size = ̂N) and a positive correlation between Julian date and individual flea detection probability (here, p from the first combing occasion within primary trapping occasions). In the histograms, counts of 0 fleas (gray bars) are presented for illustration; those data were not analyzed herein, because the Huggins closed captures models 'condition' on primary occasions with at least 1 flea being detected (black bars). Model output is from the top model in Table 1. On the right, dotted lines are 95% confidence intervals.
Pino Gate Prairie Dog Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Landscape Plot Lizard Data (2001-2002)
Keystone species have large impacts on community and ecosystem properties, and create important ecological interactions with other species. Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) are considered keystone species of grassland ecosystems, and create a mosaic of unique habitats on the landscape. These habitats are known to attract a number of animal species, but little is known about how they affect lizard communities. Our research evaluated the keystone roles of prairie dogs and kangaroo rats on lizards at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico, USA. We evaluated the impacts of these rodents on lizard communities in areas where prairie dogs and kangaroo rats co-occurred compared to areas where each rodent species occurred alone. Our results demonstrate that prairie dogs and kangaroo rats have keystone-level impacts on these lizard communities. Their burrow systems provided important habitats for multiple lizard species, especially the lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata). At the landscape-scale, the total number of lizards was two-times greater on the where both prairie dogs and banner-tailed kangaroo rats co-occurred than where only kangaroo rats occurred.
Pino Gate Prairie Dog Study: Landscape-scale Vegetation Plot Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1999-2002)
Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) are considered keystone species of grassland ecosystems, and co-occur in the arid grasslands of the southwestern United States and in Mexico. Their keystone status is attributed primarily to the effects of their burrowing and foraging behavior, but they differ ecologically in several important respects. We studied the comparative functional roles of these species where they co-occur at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, focusing on their impacts on grassland vegetation. We found that vegetation cover, structure, and species richness varied across a gradient extending out from the mound centers, and these patterns differed between prairie dog and kangaroo rat mounds. Certain species and functional groups of plants associated differentially with mounds and landscape patches occupied by prairie dogs and banner-tailed kangaroo rats. Where both species co-occurred locally there was greater soil disturbance, more organic material from their feces, and higher activity of other animals. The overall effect of these rodents was to create a mosaic of different patches across the landscape such that their combined activities increased andscape heterogeneity and plant species richness. Our results demonstrate complementary effects of two co-occurring keystone species on their associated biotic communities.
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