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18 results for “pre-imaginal stages”
Multi-surveyor capture-mark-recapture as a powerful tool for butterfly population monitoring in the pre-imaginal stage
<p>For many elusive insect species, which are difficult to cover by standard monitoring schemes, innovative survey methods are needed to gain robust data on abundance and population trends. The recording of pre-imaginal butterfly life stages provides great potential for ecological studies and conservation monitoring. However, using counts of pre-imaginal stages for quantitative research requires detection probability to be determined.</p> <p>We tested different removal and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) approaches to determine the detection probability for overwintering larvae of the endangered nymphalid butterfly <em>Limenitis reducta</em>. Classical removal and CMR studies require movement of the organisms under study but in our approach, we replaced movement of the study organisms by random movement of multiple different surveyors. The study was conducted in three plots within a spruce clear-cut in the 'Alb-Donau' region, Germany.</p> <p>Our dataset provides detection data of nine/ten different surveyors per study plot. The surveyors differed in their experience ('experts' vs. 'novices'). In the R-scripts we present the analysis of the data using i) the removal method, ii) CMR approaches with varying personnel expenditure. In addition, we test the validity of our method by comparing observed and simulated detection frequencies.</p> <p>The results of our study indicate that multi-surveyor removal/CMR techniques are highly suitable for estimating abundance of overwintering L. reducta larvae and that the proposed methodology has several strengths: long survey period, estimates of the absolute population size accompanied by uncertainty measures, estimates of overwinter mortality. The methods from our study can be adapted and used for several different butterfly species, other insect taxa with specific immobile life-stages, and some sessile organisms, e.g. elusive plants, fungi, or corals.</p>
Multi-surveyor capture-mark-recapture as a powerful tool for butterfly population monitoring in the pre-imaginal stage
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Figs. 1–6 in Morphology of the Pre-Imaginal Life Stages of the Cabbage Seedpod Weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Figs. 1–6. Scanning electron micrographs of cabbage seedpod weevil. 1) Egg; 2) first-instar larva; 3) third-instar larva; 4) antenna; 5) apical antennal segment with sunken sensillae; 6) apical segment of maxillary palpus with sensillae.
Fig. 7 in Morphology of the Pre-Imaginal Life Stages of the Cabbage Seedpod Weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Fig. 7. Third-instar larva of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, habitus and spiracle.
Figure 25-26 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figure 25-26 - Two larvae. 25 Larva of Gymnetron Auliense 26 Larva of Gymnetron vittipenne. Scales bars: 1 mm.
Figures 18-19 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 18-19 - Larva of Gymnetron miyoshii. 18 Spiracles, showing alignment 19 Pedal and mediosternal setae. Scales bars: 0.0325 mm (18), 0.05 mm (19).
Figures 41-50 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 41-50 - Gymnetron miyoshii. 41 Adult feeds on stems of Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. 42 Adult makes holes on bud of host plants 43 Adult lays eggs in buds 44 Egg in ovary surrounded by ovules 45 Egg visible through ovary wall 46 Adult seals the hole with fecal material 47 Dry fecal material 48 Galls of ovaries and normal flowers 49a–b Larva 50 Pupa.
Figures 9-10 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 9-10 - Larva of Gymnetron miyoshii. 9 Mature larva, lateral view 10 Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (9), 0.1 mm (10).
Figures 38-40 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 38-40 - Ecological habitats of three weevils. Gymnetron miyoshii 39 Gymnetron auliense 40 Gymnetron vittipenne.
Figures 1-8 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 1-8 - Adults of Gymnetron. 1–2 Gymnetron miyoshii 3–4 Gymnetron auliense 5–6 Gymnetron vittipenne 7–8 Gymnetron villosipenne. Scale bars: 1–8 1 mm.
Figures 55-58 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 55-58 - Gymnetron vittipenne. 55 Galls of stems 56 Larvae 57 Pupae, the two pupae on the left cell, one of them is from the right cell 58 Living host plants Veronica oxycarpa Boiss. with galls.
Figures 35-37 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 35-37 - Pupa of Gymnetron vittipenne. 35 Ventral view 36 Dorsal view 37 Lateral view. Scales bars: 1 mm.
Figures 16-17 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 16-17 - Larva of Gymnetron miyoshii. 16 Labium, ventral 17 Maxilla, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 51-54 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 51-54 - Gymnetron auliense. 51 Adult makes holes on bud of host plants, Veronica oxycarpa Boiss. 52 Larva 53 Pupa 54 Galls of ovaries and normal dead flowers.
Figures 11-15 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 11-15 - Larva of Gymnetron miyoshii. 11 Head, ventral view 12 Antenna 13 Mandible 14 Labrum and clypeus 15 Epipharynx. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (11), 0.025 mm (12), 0.1 mm (13–15).
Figure 23-24 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figure 23-24 - Larva of Gymnetron auliense . 23 Epipharynx 24 Spiracles, showing alignment. Scales bars: 0.1 mm (23), 0.025 mm (24).
Figures 20-22 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 20-22 - Pupa of Gymnetron miyoshii. 20 Ventral view 21 Dorsal view 22 Lateral view. Scales bars: 1 mm.
Figures 27-34 from: Jiang C, Zhang R (2015) The genus Gymnetron from China with description of pre-imaginal stages of G. miyoshii, G. auliense and G. vittipenne (Coleoptera,Curculionidae). ZooKeys 534: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.534.5967
Figures 27-34 - Larva of Gymnetron vittipenne. 27 Antenna 28 Mandible 29 Labrum and clypeus 30 Epipharynx 31 Labium, ventral 32 Maxilla, dorsal 33 Spiracles, showing alignment 34 Pedal area. Scales bars: 0.025 mm (27, 33), 0.1 mm (28–32), 0.05 mm (34).
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