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Dataset results
11 results for “predation efficiency”
Data from: Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
<p>Seabirds must find food efficiently in the dynamic ocean environment to succeed at raising chicks. In theory, site familiarity, gained by prior experience in a place, should increase foraging efficiency when prey is predictable, and translate into increased reproductive success, though this is difficult to test empirically. To address this, we examined foraging-site fidelity in Magellanic penguins, <em>Spheniscus magellanicus, </em>using movement data from 180 individuals tracked during 23 breeding seasons when penguins make repeated trips from their colony to feed chicks. We tested whether chlorophyll-a concentration, as a proxy for ocean productivity, affects foraging-site fidelity. We then tested whether foraging-site fidelity affects foraging efficiency and reproductive success. Mean foraging-site fidelity was higher in years with higher ocean productivity, when fronts had stronger gradients in temperature and chlorophyll, and prey was likely more predictable. When returning to previously visited foraging sites, penguins arrived and returned faster than predicted for a trip of a given distance, leading to lower mean trip durations and more frequent trips in penguins with high site fidelity. Increased foraging efficiency and chick-feeding frequency in turn led to increased chick survival. Our study reveals that foraging efficiency is a key mechanism linking foraging-site fidelity and reproductive success.</p>
Data from: Compared with conventional PCR assay, qPCR assay greatly improves the detection efficiency of predation
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Deterring egg predators with fecal strings is more efficient when eggs are aggregated
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Data from: Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
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Inquiline predator increases nutrient-cycling efficiency of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers
<p>The modified-leaf pitchers of <i>Nepenthes rafflesiana</i> pitcher plants are aquatic, allochthonous ecosystems which are inhabited by specialist inquilines and sustained by the input of invertebrate prey. Detritivorous inquilines are known to increase the nutrient-cycling efficiency (NCE) of pitchers but it is unclear if predatory inquilines which prey on these detritivores decrease the NCE of pitchers by reducing detritivore populations or increase the NCE of pitchers by processing nutrients that may otherwise be locked up in detritivore biomass. <i>Nepenthosyrphus </i>is a small and poorly studied genus of hoverflies and the larvae of one such species is a facultatively detritivorous predator which inhabits the pitchers of <i>N. rafflesiana</i>. We fitted a consumer–resource model to experimental data collected from this system. Simulations showed that systems containing the predator at equilibrium almost always had higher NCEs than those containing only prey (detritivore) species. We showed using a combination of simulated predator/prey exclusions that the processing of the resource through multiple pathways and trophic levels in this system is more efficient than that accomplished through fewer pathways and trophic levels. Our results thus support the vertical diversity hypothesis which predicts that greater diversity across trophic levels results in greater ecosystem functioning.</p>
Data from: Captive birds exhibit greater foraging efficiency and vigilance after anti-predator training
<p>Rearing animals in captivity for conservation translocation is a complex undertaking that demands interdisciplinary management tactics. The maladapted behaviors that captive animals can develop create unique problems for wildlife managers seeking to release these animals into the wild. Often, released captive animals show decreased survival due to predation and their inability to display appropriate anti-predator, vigilance, and risk-analysis behaviors. Additionally, released animals may have poor foraging skills, further increasing their vulnerability to predation. Often conservation translocation programs use anti-predator training to ameliorate these maladapted behaviors before release but find mixed results in behavioral responses. The behavioral scope of analyzing the effect of anti-predator trainings is frequently narrow; the effect of this training on an animal's risk-analysis competency, or ability to assess the predation risk of a foraging patch and subsequently adjust its behavior, remains unstudied. Using a captive reared passerine species, the American robin (<em>Turdus migratorius</em>) (46 individuals), we applied an experimental giving up density test (GUD) to analyze the effect of anti-predator training on the robins' vigilance/risk-analysis behaviors, patch choice, and the GUD of food left behind after one foraging session. Robins moved and foraged freely between three foraging patches of differing predation risk before and after a hawk silhouette was presented for one minute. Results indicate that after anti-predator training, robins displayed increased vigilance across most foraging patches and better foraging efficiency (higher vigilance and latency to forage with simultaneous lower GUD) in the safest patch. These results can have positive survival implications post-release, however, more research on this training is needed because anti-predator training has the potential to elicit indiscriminate increased vigilance to the detriment of foraging gains. Further research is required to standardize GUD's application in translocation programs with multigenerational captive-bred animals to fully comprehend its effectiveness in identifying and correcting maladaptive behaviors. GUD tests combined with behavioral analysis should be used by conservation translocation managers to examine the need for anti-predator and foraging trainings, the effects of trainings, and a group's suitability for release.</p>
Inquiline predator increases nutrient-cycling efficiency of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers
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Data from: UV wavelengths experienced during development affect larval newt visual sensitivity and predation efficiency
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Data from: Captive birds exhibit greater foraging efficiency and vigilance after anti-predator training
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Data from: Multiplex PCR targeting lineage specific SNPs ‐ A highly efficient and simple approach to block out predator sequences in molecular gut content analysis
Background: Food webs form the basis of biological communities, though empirical research has been hindered by difficulties in quantifying interactions. Metabarcoding from predator gut content extractions with universal primers promises to provide simple and rapid insights into food web interactions. However, the highly overabundant predator DNA often completely outcompetes that of the digested prey DNA during PCR, impeding the ability to assess the abundance and diversity of prey items. Methods: Focusing on the issue of overabundance of predator DNA amplified by a commonly used COI primer pair, we use predator lineage-specific SNPs at the 3'-end of PCR primers to selectively block out predators from amplification. While this approach largely prevents predator amplification, it retains high taxonomic versatility for prey lineages. We introduce a novel multilocus assay, targeting four nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA markers and test our approach in a diverse set of spiders from 12 families. We estimate the recovered prey DNA proportions and compare the taxonomic composition of prey communities between markers. Using a feeding experiment, we also explore recovery of prey DNA over time. Results: While commonly used COI primers yield low and very unpredictable amounts of prey DNA, our assay allows for a considerable and consistent prey enrichment across all tested species. The recovered prey's taxonomic composition is comparable between markers and supports results acquired by COI. The new marker set can be amplified in a simple multiplex PCR, considerably reducing the necessary workload. Conclusions: Our multi-locus approach allows the generation of an unprecedented amount of prey data at low cost and effort. Lineage specific PCR is taxonomically versatile and could readily be adapted to any prey-predator interaction, opening up the opportunity for community-wide studies on food web interactions.
Data from: Multiplex PCR targeting lineage specific SNPs ‐ A highly efficient and simple approach to block out predator sequences in molecular gut content analysis
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.