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7 results for “predator exclusion”
Pred-Ex: Long Term Salt Marsh Predator Exclusion Experiment Conducted at Sapelo Island, GA
In southeastern USA salt marshes, short-term and small-scale experiments indicate that a trophic cascade benefits the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora: marine predators (nekton) positively affect plant biomass by consuming snail and crab herbivores. To test how nekton affect marsh processes when the entire animal community is present, and to test how prior results scale up over time, we conducted a 3-year predator exclusion experiment in a Georgia salt marsh using replicated 19.6 m2 plots. We measured the response of changing density for all marsh invertebrates, conducted snail and crab tethering trials, quantified change in marsh grass biomass, and measured tea bag decomposition rate across all plots.
Data and code from: The functional form of specialized predation affects whether Janzen-Connell effects can prevent competitive exclusion
<p><span>Janzen</span><span>-</span><span>Connell</span><span> Effects (</span><span>JCEs</span><span>), specialized </span><span>predation</span><span> of seeds and seedlings near </span><span>conspecific</span><span> trees, are hypothesized to maintain species richness. While previous studies show </span><span>JCEs</span><span> can maintain high richness relative to neutral communities, recent theoretical work indicates </span><span>JCEs</span><span> may weakly inhibit competitive exclusion when species exhibit inter-specific fitness variation. However, recent models make somewhat restrictive assumptions about the functional form of specialized </span><span>predation</span><span> -- that </span><span>JCEs</span><span> occur at a fixed rate when offspring are within a fixed distance of a </span><span>conspecific</span><span> tree. Using a theoretical model, I show that the functional form of </span><span>JCEs</span><span> largely impacts their ability to maintain coexistence. If </span><span>predation</span><span> pressure increases </span><span>additively</span><span> with adult tree density and decays exponentially with distance, </span><span>JCEs</span><span> maintain considerably higher species richness than predicted by recent models. Loosely </span><span>parameterizing</span><span> the model with data from a Panamanian tree community, I elucidate the conditions under which </span><span>JCEs</span><span> are capable of maintaining high species richness. </span></p>
Data and code from: The functional form of specialized predation affects whether Janzen-Connell effects can prevent competitive exclusion
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Nutrient addition, but not predator exclusion, shapes arthropod communities and herbivory in a temperate forest
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Data from: Cannibalism and intraguild predation community dynamics: coexistence, competitive exclusion and the loss of alternative stable states
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Data from: False exclusion: a case to embed predator performance in classical population models
We argue that predator-prey dynamics, a cornerstone of ecology, can be driven by insufficiently-explored aspects of predator performance that are inherently prey-dependent: i.e., these have been falsely excluded. Classical -Lotka Volterra based- models tend to only consider prey-dependent ingestion rate. We highlight three other prey-dependent responses and provide empirically-derived functions to describe them. These functions introduce neglected nonlinearities and threshold behaviours into dynamic models leading to unexpected outcomes: specifically, as prey abundance increases predators: 1) become less efficient at using prey; 2) initially allocate resources towards survival and then allocate resources towards reproduction; and 3) are less likely to die. Based on experiments using model-zooplankton, we explore consequences of including these functions in the classical structure and show they alter qualitative and quantitative dynamics of an empirically-informed, generic predator-prey model. Through bifurcation analysis, our revised structure predicts: 1) predator extinctions, where the classical structure allows persistence; 2) predator survival, where the classical structure drives predators towards extinction; and 3) greater stability through smaller amplitude of cycles, relative to the classical structure. Then, by exploring parameter space, we show how these responses alter predictions of predator-prey stability and competition between predators. Based on our results, we suggest that classical assumptions about predator responses to prey abundance should be re-evaluated.
Data from: False exclusion: a case to embed predator performance in classical population models
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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