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14 results for “predatory ants”
Fig. 1. Phyllodytes luteolus Wied, 1824 in Disgusting or delicious? Predatory behavior of the hylid frog Phyllodytes luteolus on sympatric ants
Fig. 1. Phyllodytes luteolus Wied, 1824 manipulating its prey, an ant of the genus Gnamptogenys. Note that the frog has kept the abdominal region of the ant outside of the mouth in order to prevent injuries caused by its sting.
Data from: Predatory birds and ants partition caterpillar prey by body size and diet breadth
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Data from: Passive debris cloaking in beetles provides non-visual camouflage against predatory ants
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Figure 7 in Studies on the predatory biology of Oriental dacetine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) II. Novel prey specialization in Pyramica benten
Figure 7. Behaviour and morphology of Pyramica benten. (A) Pyramica benten worker in a crouching, motionless posture in a laboratory nest. (B) Frontal view of the mouthparts of P. benten worker. clp, clypeus; ga, maxillary galeae; lm, labrum, of which the distal lightcoloured part is an aggregation of hairs (see D); md, widely opened mandibles. (C) Right lateral view of the head of P. benten worker. Antennae and the right mandible were removed. as, antennal scrobe; ce, compound eye; so, antennal socket. Scale bar 125 mm. (D) Lateral view of the labrum and the masticatory border of the left mandible. Same specimen and same view as (C). Scale bar 50 mm.
Figure 3 in Studies on the predatory biology of Oriental dacetine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) II. Novel prey specialization in Pyramica benten
Figure 3. Frequency distribution histograms (in grey) of the body length of all Collembola extracted from the soil samples at Tetsugakudo. They are ordered according to the months, irrespective of years. Additionally, the size distributions (stippled) of Entomobrya pulcherrima, all Entomobryidae and Tomocerus varius are given from the frequencies of all samples combined. The number of specimens is in parentheses.
Figure 5 in Studies on the predatory biology of Oriental dacetine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) II. Novel prey specialization in Pyramica benten
Figure 5. Survivorship curves of three Collembola groups, Homidia sauteri, Isotoma spp. and Tomocerus spp., used in the predation experiment with Pyramica benten. The means (¡SE) are based on three experiments for each prey group.
Figure 4 in Studies on the predatory biology of Oriental dacetine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) II. Novel prey specialization in Pyramica benten
Figure 4. Comparison of collembolan compositions hunted and available at Tetsugakudo, Tokyo. Specimens in 1981 and 1982 were combined. (A) Collembolans hunted by Pyramica benten in June–July; (B) those hunted in August–October; (C) collembolans extracted from the soil samples in June–July; (D) those extracted from August–October samples. Specimens were classified into Entomobrya pulcherrima, other Entmobryidae, Tomocerus varius, and the other species. Some specimens were not identified.
Figure 6 in Studies on the predatory biology of Oriental dacetine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) II. Novel prey specialization in Pyramica benten
Figure 6. Body-smearing behaviour in P. benten. (A) Worker scraping the anterior head dorsum with the right foreleg tarsus (t) which is brought over the right antenna (a); both antennae are almost folded. Organic material (m, a decayed insect head capsule? attached with some chitinous fragments) is held in the mandibles. (B) Organic material, 0.3 mm long, used in body smearing by P. benten worker in a laboratory nest. It appears to be the faeces of an undetermined soil animal.
Figure 2 in Studies on the predatory biology of Oriental dacetine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) II. Novel prey specialization in Pyramica benten
Figure 2. Predation of Collembola by Pyramica benten. (A) Worker carrying a prey collembolan (Entomobrya pulcherrima) hunted by seizing around its mouthparts. Photographed in the field (Tetsugakudo, Tokyo). Worker body length is about 2 mm. (B) Collembolan body regions seized by P. benten foragers observed when they retrieved the prey to their nests. Studied at Tetsugakudo. Observation with a hand lens confirmed that 39 (80%) of 49 collembolans were seized in the head region. Moreover, 14 of those 39 captures were certainly made at the circumference of their mouthparts.
Figure 1 in Studies on the predatory biology of Oriental dacetine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) II. Novel prey specialization in Pyramica benten
Figure 1. Proportions of prey items retrieved by foragers of Pyramica benten (A) and Strumigenys lewisi (B) to their nests studied in Tetsugakudo Park, Tokyo, 1980–1982.
Data from: Effects of predatory ants within and across ecosystems in bromeliad food webs
Predation is one of the most fundamental ecological processes affecting biotic communities. Terrestrial predators that live at ecosystem boundaries may alter the diversity of terrestrial organisms, but they may also have cross-ecosystem cascading effects when they feed on organisms with complex life cycles (i.e. organisms that shift from aquatic juvenile stages to terrestrial adult stages) or inhibit female oviposition in the aquatic environment. The predatory ant Odontomachus hastatus establishes its colonies among roots of Vriesea procera, an epiphytic bromeliad species with water-filled tanks that shelters many terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Ants may impact terrestrial communities and deter adult insects from ovipositing in the water of bromeliads via consumptive and non-consumptive effects. Ants do not forage within the aquatic environment; thus, they may be more efficient predators on terrestrial organisms. Therefore, we predict that ants will have stronger effects on terrestrial than aquatic food webs. However, such effects may also be site contingent and depend on the local composition of food webs. To test our hypothesis, we surveyed bromeliads with and without O. hastatus colonies from three different coastal field sites in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, and quantified the effect of this predatory ant on the composition, density and richness of aquatic and terrestrial metazoans found in these bromeliads. We found that ants changed the composition and reduced the overall density of aquatic and terrestrial metazoans in bromeliad ecosystems. However, effects of ants on species diversity were contingent on site. In general terms, the effects of the ant on aquatic and terrestrial metazoan communities were similar in strength and magnitude. Ants reduced the density of virtually all aquatic functional groups, especially detritivore insects as well as metazoans that reach bromeliads through phoresy on the skin of terrestrial animals (i.e. Ostracoda and Helobdella sp.). Our results suggest that the cross-ecosystem effect of this terrestrial predator on the aquatic metazoans was at least as strong as its within-ecosystem effect on the terrestrial ecosystem, and demonstrates that the same predator can simultaneously initiate cascades in multiple ecosystems.
Data from: The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants
Background Army ants are dominant invertebrate predators in tropical and subtropical terrestrial ecosystems. Their close relatives within the dorylomorph group of ants are also highly specialized predators, although much less is known about their biology. We analyzed molecular data generated from 11 nuclear genes to infer a phylogeny for the major dorylomorph lineages, and incorporated fossil evidence to infer divergence times under a relaxed molecular clock. Results Because our results indicate that one subfamily and several genera of dorylomorphs are non-monophyletic, we propose to subsume the six previous dorylomorph subfamilies into a single subfamily, Dorylinae. We find the monophyly of Dorylinae to be strongly supported and estimate the crown age of the group at 87 (74–101) million years. Our phylogenetic analyses provide only weak support for army ant monophyly and also call into question a previous hypothesis that army ants underwent a fundamental split into New World and Old World lineages. Outside the army ants, our phylogeny reveals for the first time many old, distinct lineages in the Dorylinae. The genus Cerapachys is shown to be non-monophyletic and comprised of multiple lineages scattered across the Dorylinae tree. We recover, with strong support, novel relationships among these Cerapachys-like clades and other doryline genera, but divergences in the deepest parts of the tree are not well resolved. We find the genus Sphinctomyrmex, characterized by distinctive abdominal constrictions, to consist of two separate lineages with convergent morphologies, one inhabiting the Old World and the other the New World tropics. Conclusions While we obtain good resolution in many parts of the Dorylinae phylogeny, relationships deep in the tree remain unresolved, with major lineages joining each other in various ways depending upon the analytical method employed, but always with short internodes. This may be indicative of rapid radiation in the early history of the Dorylinae, but additional molecular data and more complete species sampling are needed for confirmation. Our phylogeny now provides a basic framework for comparative biological analyses, but much additional study on the behavior and morphology of doryline species is needed, especially investigations directed at the non-army ant taxa.
Data from: Effects of predatory ants within and across ecosystems in bromeliad food webs
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Data from: The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants
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