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Data for: Morphological covariance and onset of foot prehensility as indicators of integrated evolutionary dynamics in the herons (Ardeidae)
<p>The ultimate form an organism attains is based, in part, on the rate and timing of developmental trajectories and on compensatory relationships between morphological traits. For example, there is often an inverse correlation between the relative size of an organism's head and the length of its legs. Avian examples with disproportionately small heads and long legs include ostriches (Struthionidae), flamingos (Phoenicopteridae), cranes (Gruidae), stilts (Recurvirostridae), and storks (Ciconiidae). To determine whether a possible compensatory relationship exists between relative head size and hind-limb length in a typically long-legged family of birds—the Ardeidae—we measured skull dimensions (length, width, and height of cranium, and total skull length, including culmen) and skeletal hind-limb dimensions (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) of the 12 North American species (north of Mexico) and of 12 additional taxa, including the morphologically divergent Agamia and Cochlearius. Our analyses reveal a negative allometric relationship between head size and leg length. For example, <em>Ardea</em> species exhibit the smallest relative head sizes and the longest legs, while <em>Butorides</em>, <em>Nycticorax</em>, <em>Nyctanassa</em>, and <em>Cochlearius</em> have among the largest heads relative to hind-limb length. Furthermore, both positive and negative allometries occur in paired comparisons between the three hind-limb bones, resulting in tall morphotypes having disproportionately short femurs while small morphotypes exhibit long femurs; this relationship has implications for foraging behavior. Moreover, long legs of <em>Ardea</em> apparently derive from an extended growth period, or hypermorphosis, while relatively short legs of <em>Butorides</em> result from growth truncation. The latter are thus morphologically paedomorphic features that, paradoxically, permit a functional precociality of the hind limbs: early onset of prehensile ability of the feet for grasping branches, which nestlings retain into adulthood, later expressed in foraging mode. This developmentally accelerated prehensile function in small species may be attributed, in part, to selection for predator avoidance in the early nestling stage.</p>
Data for: Morphological covariance and onset of foot prehensility as indicators of integrated evolutionary dynamics in the herons (Ardeidae)
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FIGURE 7 in A new spiny, prehensile-tailed species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia with a preliminary hypothesis of relationships based on morphology
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships of Cyrtodactylus durio sp. nov. to C. brevipalmatus, C. elok, C. spinosus, and C. strsemanni.
FIGURE 6 in A new spiny, prehensile-tailed species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia with a preliminary hypothesis of relationships based on morphology
FIGURE 6. Forest and canopy of the type locality of Cyrtodactylus durio at Sungai Sedim, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia.
FIGURE 5 in A new spiny, prehensile-tailed species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia with a preliminary hypothesis of relationships based on morphology
FIGURE 5. Comparison of Cyrtodactylus durio sp. nov. (upper left), C. brevipalmatus (upper right; photo by M. Sumontha), C. spinosus (lower left; photo by R. Brown), and C. elok (lower right).
FIGURE 5 in Redescription Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Phylogeny of the Prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus
FIGURE 5. Distribution of bent-toed geckos with spinose, prehensile tails in northern Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia.
FIGURE 4 in Redescription Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Phylogeny of the Prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus
FIGURE 4. Coloration of living Cyrtodactylus lateralis from Gunung Seulawah Agam, Aceh, Sumatra. (A–B) head morphology of two males (A, MZB 13172, head length 18.3 mm, and B, MZB 13173, head length 21.9). (C) Largest known specimen, an adult female (MZB 13175, SVL 96 mm). (D) Pale pigmented male with regenerated tail (UTA 62921, SVL 79 mm). (E) Precloacal coloration and cloacal tubercles of an adult male (UTA 62921, SVL 79 mm). (F) Detail of tail and cloacal tubercles of male (MZB 13172). Photos by E. N. Smith.
FIGURE 2 in Redescription Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Phylogeny of the Prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus
FIGURE 2. Morphology of (A) dorsal tubercles and ventrolateral fold and (B) cloacal region of female holotype of Cyrtodactylus lateralis (ZMB 12029).
FIGURE 1 in Redescription Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Phylogeny of the Prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus
FIGURE 1. Adult female holotype of Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (ZMB 12029) from Binjai, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
FIGURE 3 in Redescription Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Phylogeny of the Prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus
FIGURE 3. Precloacal patch and ventral thigh of male Cyrtodactylus lateralis (UTA 62921, SVL 79 mm).
FIGURE 6 in Redescription Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Phylogeny of the Prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationships of Cyrtodactylus with spinose, prehensile tails. (A) Phylogeny based on morphology with three species added to original hypothesis of Grismer et al. (2010). (B) Clade pruned from our larger phylogeny based on sequences of the NADH Dehydrogenase 2 gene (ND2). Tree constructed using Bayesian inference. Nodal values are posterior probabilities, and diamonds indicate prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus.
On following pages: 3. Ingraham's Hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami); 4. Desmarest's Hutia (Capromys pilorides); 5. Cabrera's Hutia (Mesocapromys angelcabrerai); 6. Eared Hutia (Mesocapromys auritus); 7. Black-tailed Hutia (Mesocapromys melanurus); 8. Dwarf Hutia (Mesocapromys nanus); 9. Prehensile-tailed Hutia (Mysateles prehensilis); 10. Garrido Tree Hutia (Mysateles garridol); 11. Groove-toothed Spiny-rat (Carterodon sulcidens). in Echimyidae
On following pages: 3. Ingraham's Hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami); 4. Desmarest's Hutia (Capromys pilorides); 5. Cabrera's Hutia (Mesocapromys angelcabrerai); 6. Eared Hutia (Mesocapromys auritus); 7. Black-tailed Hutia (Mesocapromys melanurus); 8. Dwarf Hutia (Mesocapromys nanus); 9. Prehensile-tailed Hutia (Mysateles prehensilis); 10. Garrido Tree Hutia (Mysateles garridol); 11. Groove-toothed Spiny-rat (Carterodon sulcidens).
Distribution. Known only from Mt Kenya, C Kenya. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, ear 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. The Mount Kenya Thicket Rat's fur is olive gray above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated white belly tinted with pink. Tail is very long (152% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, and tufted. Feet are buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Habitat. Little is known, but presumably similar to that of the East African Thicket Rat (G. beanus). in Muridae
Distribution. Known only from Mt Kenya, C Kenya. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, ear 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. The Mount Kenya Thicket Rat's fur is olive gray above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated white belly tinted with pink. Tail is very long (152% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, and tufted. Feet are buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Habitat. Little is known, but presumably similar to that of the East African Thicket Rat (G. beanus).
Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples. in Muridae
Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples.
Data from: Cryptic diversity within the endemic Prehensile-tailed gecko Urocotyledon inexpectata across the Seychelles Islands: patterns of phylogeographic structure and isolation at the multilocus level
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FIGURE 4 in A new spiny, prehensile-tailed species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia with a preliminary hypothesis of relationships based on morphology
FIGURE 4. Subcaudal region of the holotype of Cyrtodactylus durio sp. nov. (ZRC 2.9606).
FIGURE 3 in A new spiny, prehensile-tailed species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia with a preliminary hypothesis of relationships based on morphology
FIGURE 3. Precloacal region of the holotype of Cyrtodactylus durio sp. nov. (ZRC 2.9606).
FIGURE 1 in A new spiny, prehensile-tailed species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia with a preliminary hypothesis of relationships based on morphology
FIGURE 1. Location of Cyrtodactylus durio sp. nov. at Sungai Sedim, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia.
Effects of Myofascial Release and TENS Over Pain, Hand Prehensile Strength and Functionality of Superior Extremity in Women With Lateral Epicondylalgia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04023279. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.