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49 results for “prey abundance”
SBC LTER: Santa Cruz Island: Aggregated mean abundance of black surfperch (Embiotoca jacksoni) and prey availability, 1994-2008
These data are the annual mean abundances of three age-classes of black surfperch and their prey at each of 11 sites at Santa Cruz Island, California. Reported values are a) the average number of adult black surfperch, young-of-year black surfperch, and one year-old black surfperch per 40m x 2m transect (for all transects), and b) total food availability (grams per 0.1 m squared) at each site. Food availability includes biomass of caprellid and gammarid amphipods and is calculated from the mean density within Gelidium spp. (for caprellids) and all other foliose or turfing algae (for gammarids). The data also include one year lags for each variable, i.e. the value of the variable at that site in the previous year.
Fig. 2 in Alterations on piscivorous diet following change in abundance of prey after impoundment in a Neotropical river
Fig. 2. Abundance of Moenkhausia dichroura and "other species" in the period I (From March 2000 to February 2001) and II (From March 2003 to February 2004), after impoundment of Manso River, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Vertical bars represents the mean ± S.D.
Fig. 5 in Alterations on piscivorous diet following change in abundance of prey after impoundment in a Neotropical river
Fig. 5. Regression analysis between predator length (Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro) and prey length for sampling periods I (a) and II (b) at Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, followed by their respective equations fitted by the model (n = 379; 255-period I and 124- period II).
Data and code for: Changes in prey body size differentially reduces predation risk across predator and prey abundances
<p>Trophic interactions underpin the structure of ecological communities by describing the rate at which consumers exploit their resources. The rates at which predators consume their prey are influenced by prey traits, with many species inducing defensive modifications to prey traits following the threat of predation. Here we use different clonal lines of the protist <em>Paramecium</em> being consumed by <em>Stenostomum</em> predators to highlight how differences in prey traits impact rates of predation. Clonal lines differed in their body width traits and in their ability to induce changes in body width. By using a factorial cross of predator and prey abundances for different clonal lines we demonstrate how evolutionary or induced alterations in prey traits can impact the relative threat of predation. Our experiments show how interference among predators impacts predation rate and how increased body width increased predator handling times. Given that reductions in the strength of interspecific interactions are associated with increased levels of overall community stability, our results indicate how individual-level changes may scale up to impact whole communities. </p>
Antagonistic effects of predator colour morph abundance and saliency on prey anti-predator responses
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Gyrfalcon prey abundance and their habitat associations in a changing Arctic
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Data and code for: Changes in prey body size differentially reduces predation risk across predator and prey abundances
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Data from: Prey abundance and leopard diet in a plantation and rainforest landscape, Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats
<p>Leopards use a wide range of habitats from natural forests to plantations in human-dominated landscapes. Within interface areas, understanding leopard ecology and diet can help in conservation management and conflict avoidance. In a fragmented rainforest and plantation landscape in southern India, we examined diet of large carnivores (with a focus on leopards) using scat analysis with DNA-based identification of predator species, and estimated relative abundance of prey species in different land uses through transect surveys. Large carnivores predominantly consumed wild prey species (98.1%) and domestic prey species contributed <2% to overall prey biomass. For leopards, four wild prey species (Indian muntjac, Indian spotted chevrotain, sambar and Indian porcupine) contributed 95.1% of prey biomass, with the rest being minor wild prey species (no livestock in identified scats). Wild prey species occurred across the landscape but varied in relative abundance by land-use type, with forest fragments supporting higher abundance of many species relative to tea and coffee plantations. As large carnivores mainly depend on wild prey and rainforest fragments act as refuges for these mammals within the tea and coffee plantations, it is important to continue to retain or restore these forest fragments.</p> <p>This dataset contains abundance data on mammals (large carnivores and their prey species), using direct and indirect sign surveys along line and belt transects, respectively, as well as data on remains of prey species in large carnivore scats. This dataset is part of a study (published paper under Related works) on leopard ecology in a landscape containing commercial plantations of tea and coffee, and rainforest fragments and protected area. These data were collected between 2008 and 2010 in Valparai plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats, India. The dataset contains following files:</p> <p>1) Transect_details.csv<br> 2) Transect_repeats.csv<br> 3) Mammals_Direct_signs.csv<br> 4) Mammals_Indirect_signs.csv<br> 5) Large_carnivores_Indirect_signs.csv<br> 6) Large_carnivore_Diet.csv</p> <p>More details regarding the above files can be found in ReadMe_Data_ColumnNames.txt.</p> <p><strong>Update, version 2</strong>: Data were updated on 4 May 2020. There was an error in the following file: Large_carnivore_Diet.csv. This file has been corrected and replaced in this update. All other files are correct and therefore not replaced.</p>
Linking agri-environment scheme habitat area, predation and the abundance of chick invertebrate prey to the nesting success of a declining farmland bird
<p>Across Europe, farmland bird populations have continued to decline since the 1970s owing to the intensification of farming practices. Studies of such declines have tended to focus specifically on either the impacts of habitats (nesting and foraging), nest predators or prey availability on bird demographics. The study presented here provides new insights into the relative effects of each of these factors on Yellowhammer nest survival. The Yellowhammer was selected for this study as it is a UK red-listed bird species whose population is in decline across much of Europe. We use a long-term dataset of 147 nests, monitored between 1995 and 2007, to provide an insight into how Yellowhammer nest survival is influenced by nesting habitat (nest concealment and nest height), foraging habitats (habitat coverage within 100 m of nests), the removal of nest predators (Magpie Pica pica abundance as an inverse measure of avian predator removal through gamekeeping) and food availability (measured with a D-vac invertebrate suction sampler). Our results indicated that Yellowhammer hatching success was negatively related to the coverage of spring agri-environment scheme habitats, a group which represents invertebrate-rich agri-environment habitats, but hatching success increased with nest height. Fledging success was positively related to the coverage of the seed-rich habitat Wild Bird Seed mixture. The farm-level abundance of Yellowhammer chick-food invertebrates declined over the study period. Our results highlight the importance of simultaneously considering multiple agents that shape avian breeding success, i.e. their ability to produce offspring, to inform conservation management. Our key finding for land managers relates to the positive relationship between the proportion seed rich foraging habitat within the Yellowhammer's average foraging range and Yellowhammer fledging success, which shows that a habitat intended primarily to provide winter food resources is also important to breeding birds. Chick food abundance in this habitat was, however, similar to broadleaf and cereal crops. We recommend that this habitat should be provided near to potential Yellowhammer nesting sites and adjacent to invertebrate-rich agri-environment scheme habitats such as beetle banks and conservation headlands to further boost invertebrate resources for a declining farmland bird.</p>
Congeneric predators fill discrete niches created by the relative abundances of their prey species
To what degree is niche partitioning driven by underlying patterns in resources such as food, rather than by competition itself? Do discrete niches exist? We address these questions in the context of Cooper's and Sharp-shinned Hawks, two broadly sympatric, North American, bird-eating raptors in the genus Accipiter. We find that the resource base, as quantified by body masses of birds at bird feeders, is approximately lognormal (smallest birds are most abundant), with lesser modes (peaks) in abundance at larger body mass. The predators appear to exploit peaks in the resource base, with Sharp-shinned Hawks focusing on small prey items (median of 26.5 g), and Cooper's Hawks taking prey from the two most abundant peaks (both the small body mass peak and a lesser peak at medium body mass ~90g). We tested the ability of citizen scientists to distinguish these notoriously similar species, and we determined the influence of potential false positive detections on our conclusions. We find that citizen scientists struggle to distinguish these predators from one another, and 18% of Cooper's Hawks were identified as Sharp-shinned Hawks, while 27% of Sharp-shinned Hawks were identified as Cooper's Hawks. Yet, simulations show that this uncertainty did not jeopardize our qualitative conclusions.
Spatiotemporal predictions of the alternative prey hypothesis: Predator habitat use during decreasing prey abundance
<p>The alternative prey hypothesis supposes that predators supported by a primary prey species will shift to consume alternative prey during a decrease in primary prey abundance. The hypothesis implies that during declines of one prey species, a predator modifies their behavior to exploit a secondary, or alternative, species. Despite occurring in many systems, the behavioral mechanisms (e.g., habitat selection) allowing predators to shift toward alternative prey during declines in the abundance of their primary prey are poorly understood. We evaluated habitat selection and use by a generalist predator with respect to two prey species during a dramatic decrease in the abundance of primary prey. Further, we evaluated how spatial variation in access to primary prey affected habitat selection and assessed similarity and overlap between habitats used by each prey species. Coyotes (<em>Canis</em> <em>latrans</em>) exhibited decreasing selection for cottontail rabbits (<em>Sylvilagus</em> spp.; primary prey) during population decreases but did not shift habitat selection toward neonate mule deer (<em>Odocoileus</em> <em>hemionus</em>; alternative prey). Use of rabbit habitat remained high even during historically low rabbit abundance, while mule deer habitat was used in proportion to its availability. Coyotes seemingly do not make large shifts in habitat selection toward alternative prey following spatial and temporal decreases in the abundance of primary prey, but instead, take advantage of habitat overlap to facilitate prey-switching behavior. Our work extends previous research conducted under the alternative prey hypothesis by explicitly evaluating the influence of habitat overlap between prey species and variation in access to prey habitat as factors affecting prey-switching behaviors in predators.</p>
Inferring predator-prey interactions from camera traps: A Bayesian co-abundance modelling approach
<p><span>Predator-prey dynamics are a fundamental part of ecology, but directly studying interactions has proven difficult. The proliferation of camera trapping has enabled the collection of large datasets on wildlife, but researchers face hurdles inferring interactions from observational data. </span><span>Recent advances in </span><span>hierarchical c</span><span>o-abundance models infer species interactions while </span><span>accounting for two species' detection probabilities, shared responses to environmental covariates, and propagate uncertainty throughout the</span> <span>entire modelling process. However, current approaches remain </span><span>unsuitable for interacting species </span><span>whose natural densities differ by an order of magnitude and have contrasting detection probabilities, such as predator-prey interactions, which introduce zero-inflation and overdispersion in count histories. </span><span>Here we developed </span><span>a Bayesian hierarchical N-mixture co-abundance model that is </span><span>suitable for </span><span>inferring </span><span>predator-prey </span><span>interactions. We accounted for excessive zeros in count histories using an informed zero-inflated Poisson distribution in the abundance formula and accounted for overdispersion in count histories by including a random effect per sampling unit and sampling occasion in the detection probability formula. We demonstrate that models with these modifications outperform alternative approaches, improve model goodness-of-fit, and overcome parameter convergence failures. We highlight its utility using 20 camera trapping datasets </span><span>from 10 tropical forest landscapes in Southeast Asia and estimate four predator-prey relationships between tigers, clouded leopards, and muntjac and sambar deer. Tigers had a negative effect on muntjac abundance, providing support for top-down regulation, while clouded leopards had a positive effect on muntjac and sambar deer, likely driven by shared responses to unmodelled covariates like hunting. </span><span>This Bayesian co-abundance modelling approach to quantify predator-prey relationships </span><span>is widely applicable across species, ecosystems, and sampling approaches, and may be useful in forecasting cascading impacts following widespread predator declines. Taken together, this approach facilitates a nuanced and mechanistic understanding of food-web ecology.</span></p>
Killer whale acoustic patterns respond to prey abundance and environmental variability around the Prince Edward Islands, Southern Ocean
<p>Killer whales are apex predators with temporally and spatially varying distributions throughout the world’s oceans. Their ecology and behaviour are poorly understood in most regions due to limited research, often because of logistical challenges. Here, we use easily deployable year-round passive acoustic monitoring device to investigate the seasonal acoustic occurrence and diel vocalizing behaviour of killer whales around the remote sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs), Southern Ocean. Killer whales showed diel vocalizing patterns that varied seasonally in relation to their prey abundance and social activities. Killer whale calls were intermittently detected year-round with a high number of hours containing calls in October through December, and a secondary peak in March through May, which corresponded to the abundance of seal prey. Random forest modelling identified wind speed as an important predictor of the occurrence of killer whale calls whilst sea surface height, chlorophyll-a, and sea surface temperature were moderately important. We provide the first acoustic evidence that killer whale occurrence around PEIs coincide with variability in environmental conditions and prey abundance. Our results provide the first indication of diel vocalizing pattern of killer whales in the Southern Ocean. This knowledge is important for understanding killer whale ecology and adaptation to the changing oceans.</p>
Data from: A hierarchical population model for the estimation of latent prey abundance and demographic rates of a nomadic predator
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Data from: Prey abundance and leopard diet in a plantation and rainforest landscape, Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats
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Spatiotemporal predictions of the alternative prey hypothesis: Predator habitat use during decreasing prey abundance
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Data from: Enhanced aphid abundance in spring desynchronizes predator–prey and plant–microorganism interactions
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Inferring predator-prey interactions from camera traps: A Bayesian co-abundance modelling approach
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Prey morphotype and abundance controls plastid retention and bloom dynamics for a mixotrophic dinoflagellate
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Linking agri-environment scheme habitat area, predation and the abundance of chick invertebrate prey to the nesting success of a declining farmland bird
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.