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157 results for “process from pattern”
STREAMS Project: Emergent landscape patterns in stream ecosystem processes resulting from groundwater/surface water interactions
This Data Set is hosted by the Luquillo LTER Program (LUQ) and owned by a LUQ's investigator. Our primary objective is to understand the linkage between surface-subsurface water interactions and ecosystem processes in neotropical lowland streams over an extended time frame (>25 yrs). Proposed research will occur at La Selva Biological Reserve in Costa Rica, which is owned and operated by the Organization for Tropical Studies In tectonically active regions of Central America, it is common for solute-rich groundwater to emerge at gradient breaks within the complex volcanic topography of mountains and foothills which intergrade with the coastal plain. These groundwaters can significantly influence solute chemistry and related ecological and ecosystem-level processes in receiving surface waters. Many solute-rich groundwaters are associated with underlying volcanic activity which has altered the chemistry of receiving streams throughout Central America. Geothermally-modified groundwaters, surfacing at the gradient break between the Central Mountain range and the coastal plain at La Selva Biological Station, have high levels of P (up to 400 mg SRP L-1) and other solutes (Ca, Cl, Mg, SO4) but are not elevated in temperature. Spatial patterns in stream solute chemistry are determined by geomorphic features of the volcanic landscape that include: upland lavas drained by P-poor streams; a gradient break (~50 m.a.s.l.), at or near where P-rich springs emerge; and lowland alluvial areas drained by streams that are both P-rich and P-poor depending on whether they receive the input of solute-rich springs. Our project is the first to determine long-term effects of nutrient enrichment in a detrital-based stream within the wet tropics. We will continue to build upon our long-term(1988-present) data set on stream solute chemistry, which is the only one that we are aware of for lowland primary rainforest of Central America. The proposed project will build on 18 years of past resear
Data for: From pattern to process? Dual travelling waves, with contrasting propagation speeds, best describe a self-organised spatio-temporal pattern in population growth of a cyclic rodent
<p>Centroid data used for the analysis in Roos et al. Eco Lett.</p> <p>Transects, up to 99 m in length (dependent on the field's length), were surveyed in linear stable landscape features (field, track or ditch margins) to estimate vole abundance from November 2011 until September 2017. Each transect was divided into 3 m sections (33 in total) and the presence or absence of one or more signs of vole activity (i.e., latrines by burrows, fresh vegetation clippings, and recent burrow excavations) in each section was noted. The proportion of sections with signs of vole presence per transect was then used as the abundance index. The number of surveys carried out at any time varied adaptively with the perceived risk of an outbreak (according to changes in estimated abundance in previous monitoring surveys).</p> <p>The response variable typically used in all models is proportional growth rate (r_{t,i}, where is the abundance index for site at time (Royama 1992; Berryman 2002). A benefit of using r_{t,i}, rather than ln(N_{t,i}), is that any multiplicative effects of site quality are cancelled out, provided they are constant over time. To calculate r_{t,i}, vole abundance indices are required at the same location in successive time periods (i.e., N_{t,i} and N_{t+1,i}). Given that exact transect locations were rarely reused in successive months, and all transect measurements took place throughout the year rather than discrete seasons, the data had to be aggregated to consistent locations and times to allow growth rate to be calculated. As such, transects were temporally aggregated into a respective yearly quarter (e.g., January to March 2014). Transects were spatially aggregated by sequentially selecting an unassigned transect as a reference point for the ith centroid and assigning all unassigned transects within a 5 km radius to the ith centroid, and repeating until all transects had been allocated (see Figure 2 for a summary of the number of transects assigned to each centroid, centroid locations, and time series of growth rate of each centroid). Once complete, the mean Julian day, X and Y UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) and the mean index was calculated for all transects assigned to each centroid for each time period. Where a centroid had successive values of N_{t,i} and N_{t+1,i} available, the corresponding proportional growth rate was calculated.</p> <p>A constant of 3.03 was added to N_{t,i} to avoid zero entries (3.03 was the lowest non-zero value of <em>N</em> observed). The final dataset consisted of 3,751 observations.</p>
Role of vegetation and coarse wood debris on soil processes and mycorrhizal mat distribution patterns at the Hi-15, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1994-1995
The main objective of this study was to determine if there were relationships between forest floor attributes such as the location of: (1) individual trees, (2) clusters of undergrowth vegetation, (3) coarse woody debris, (4) rocks and (5) topography and both soil characteristics and distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats. This data set includes mat, rock, wood, and moss distribution patterns (as presence or absence at each sampling node) as well as basic soil date taken at the same locations. The forest floor attributes were digitized using Esri ArcGIS. These GIS data layers are available as separate files in FSDB Database code SP029.
Diversity patterns and speciation processes in a two-island system with continuous migration
<p>Geographic isolation is a central mechanism of speciation, but perfect isolation of populations is rare. Although speciation can be hindered if gene flow is large, intermediate levels of migration can enhance speciation by introducing genetic novelty in the semi-isolated populations or founding small communities of migrants. Here we consider a two-island neutral model of speciation with continuous migration and study diversity patterns as a function of the migration probability, population size, and number of genes involved in reproductive isolation (dubbed as genome size). For small genomes, low levels of migration induce speciation on the islands that otherwise would not occur. Diversity, however, drops sharply to a single species inhabiting both islands as the migration probability increases. For large genomes, sympatric speciation occurs even when the islands are strictly isolated. Then species richness per island increases with the probability of migration, but the total number of species decreases as they become cosmopolitan. For each genome size, there is an optimal migration intensity for each population size that maximizes the number of species. We discuss the observed modes of speciation induced by migration and how they increase species richness in the insular system while promoting asymmetry between the islands and hindering endemism.</p>
Meta-analysis of diurnal transcriptomics reveals strong patterns of concordance and discordance in mouse liver: processed data
<p>The accumulation of public transcriptomic timeseries data enables robust meta-analyses that were not possible until recently. To assess the consistency of biological rhythms across studies, 43 public mouse liver tissue timeseries totaling 805 RNA-seq samples were obtained and analyzed. Only the control groups of each study were included, to create comparable data. Technical factors in RNA-seq library preparation were the largest contributors to transcriptome-level differences, beyond biological or experiment-specific factors such as lighting conditions. Core clock genes were remarkably consistent in phase across all studies, while phase distributions of other periodic genes were generally less consistent. Overlap of genes identified as rhythmic across studies was generally low, with around 50% between some of the highest sample count studies. Distributions of phases of significant genes were remarkably inconsistent across studies, but genes consistently identified as rhythmic clustered near ZT0 and ZT12 in acrophase. Data was integrated across studies in a JIVE analysis, which showed that the top two components of joint within-study variation are determined by time of day. A shape-invariant model with random effects was fit to the genes to identify the underlying shape of the rhythms, consistent across all studies. This revealed the extent of asymmetric and multimodal genes.<br> <br> This supplemental file provides preprocessed RNA-seq quantifications of all reviewed datasets, as well as results of multiple analyses.</p>
Figure 2. Training pattern of TDNN models-Time-Delay Artificial Neural Network Computing Models for Predicting Shelf Life of Processed Cheese
<p>The Neural Network Toolbox under MATLAB software was used for developing the TDNN<br> models. Training pattern of TDNN models is presented in Fig.2.</p>
Processed Hi-C contact matrices for "Three invariant Hi-C interaction patterns: applications to genome assembly"
<p>Processed Hi-C interaction matrices, saved in numpy npz format.</p> <p>Matrices were processed using Dekker lab cMapping pipeline.</p> <p>Raw sequence data was taken from:</p> <p>Hap1: Haarhuis et al 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.013</p> <p>IMR90, H1ESC, MESC, MCORTEX: Dixon et al 10.1038/nature11082</p> <p>Worm: Crane et al 10.1038/nature14450</p> <p>Caulobacter: Le et al 10.1126/science.1242059</p> <p> </p>
Processed RNA expression count data from Groen et al.: The strength and pattern of natural selection on rice gene expression
<p>We assessed transcriptome variation in populations of 216 accessions of rice, <em>Oryza sativa</em>, which represented all major varietal groups including indica and japonica. During the 2016 Philippines dry season the accessions were planted in triplicate (with two accessions planted in triplicate three times as replicated checks) in identical alpha-lattice layouts of 660 plots in two fields: a continuously wet paddy, and a field where plants were exposed to intermittent drought in the vegetative and reproductive stages. We measured transcript levels in leaf blades of 50-day-old plants at 33 days after seedling transplant, and 17 days after withholding water in the dry field, using a liquid automation-based 3’ mRNA-seq quantification approach. Samples were multiplexed in batches of 96 per library. Raw sequencing data are available at the SRA in BioProject accession number PRJNA588478. A key to the raw sequencing data in this BioProject can be found in the metadata of the processed RNA expression count data here.</p>
Fig. 2 in Helminths of sigmodontine rodents in an agroforestry mosaic in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Patterns and processes of the metacommunity structure
Fig. 2. Ordinated matrices for the helminths metacommunity at Pratigi Environmental Protection Area, municipality of Igrapiúna, state of Bahia, northeast Brazil. A) Infracommunities and B) Component Communities.
Fig. 1 in Helminths of sigmodontine rodents in an agroforestry mosaic in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Patterns and processes of the metacommunity structure
Fig. 1. The bipartite network analysis illustrating the rodent–helminth association at Pratigi Environmental Protection Area, municipality of Igrapiúna, state of Bahia, northeast Brazil. The brackets separate the rodent tribes.
Data from: Cryogenic land surface processes shape vegetation biomass patterns in northern European tundra
<p>Tundra ecosystems have experienced changes in vegetation composition, distribution, and productivity over the past century due to climate warming. However, the increase in above-ground biomass (AGB) may be constrained by cryogenic land surface processes (LSP) that cause topsoil disturbance and variable microsite conditions. These effects have remained unaccounted for in tundra biomass models, although they can impact multiple opposing feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Here, by using field-quantified data from northern Europe, remote sensing, and machine learning, we show that LSP substantially constrain AGB in tundra. The three surveyed LSP (cryoturbation, solifluction and nivation) collectively reduced AGB by an average of 123.0 g m<sup>-2 </sup>(-30.0%). This effect was significant over landscape positions and was especially pronounced in snowbed environments, where the mean reduction in AGB was 57.3%. Our results imply that LSP are pivotal in shaping future patterns of tundra biomass, as long as cryogenic ground activity is retained by climate warming.</p> <p>These are the key data and codes related from Aalto et al., (2021).</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Female preference for males with lower pattern contrast follows Weber's law of proportional processing in an ornate jumping spider
<p>According to Weber's law of proportional processing, perceptual discrimination between stimuli of different magnitudes is based on their proportional differences in magnitude (not absolute differences). Proportional processing operates in various sensory modalities and behavioural contexts. However, whether female mate preference for colour patterns in animals follows Weber's law of proportional processing remains untested. </p> <p>We addressed this research gap using the jade jumping spider, <em>Siler semiglaucus</em>, whose males exhibit remarkable sexually selected colour patterns and whose females show preferences for males with low abdomen pattern contrast (pattern contrast is defined as the spatial feature of the relative abundance of two adjacent colour patches). By manipulating the dorsal abdomen colour patterns of <em>S. semiglaucus</em> males, we created males with varying abdomen pattern contrasts. We then assessed female preference for males that varied in both absolute and proportional differences in pattern contrast.</p> <p>We found that females preferred males with lower abdomen pattern contrasts and discriminated between males based on both absolute and proportional differences in pattern contrast. While proportional difference alone was not a significant predictor of female mate choice, discrimination based on proportional difference, coupled with absolute difference had a greater influence on female mate preference than absolute difference alone. </p> <p>Hence, our findings suggest that <em>S. semiglaucus</em> female preference for males with lower pattern contrast follows Weber's law, and female discrimination may have the potential to limit the exaggeration of sexually selected colour patterns. </p>
Data and analysis scripts for: Co-occurrence patterns at four spatial scales implicate reproductive processes in shaping community assembly in clovers
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Data from: Female preference for males with lower pattern contrast follows Weber’s law of proportional processing in an ornate jumping spider
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Diversity patterns and speciation processes in a two-island system with continuous migration
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Fertility loss and recovery dynamics after repeated heat stress across life stages in male Drosophila melanogaster: Patterns and processes
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Data from: Inferring riverscape dispersal processes from fish biodiversity patterns
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Integrating floral trait and flowering time distribution patterns help reveal a more dynamic nature of co-flowering community assembly processes
<p>Species' floral traits and flowering times are known to be the major drivers of pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions in diverse co-flowering communities. However, their simultaneous role in mediating plant community assembly and plant-pollinator interactions is still poorly understood. Since not all species flower at the same time, inference of facilitative and competitive interactions based on floral trait distribution patterns should account for fine phenological structure (intensity of flowering overlap) within co-flowering communities. Such an approach may also help reveal the simultaneous action of competitive and facilitative interactions in structuring co-flowering communities.</p> <p>Here we used modularity within a co-flowering network context, as a novel approach to detect convergent and/or over-dispersed patterns in floral trait distribution and pollinator sharing. Specifically, we evaluate differences in floral trait and pollinator distribution patterns within (high temporal flowering overlap) and among co-flowering modules (low temporal flowering overlap). We further evaluate the consistency of observed floral trait and pollinator sharing distribution patterns across space (three geographic regions) and time (dry and rainy seasons).</p> <p>We found that floral trait similarity was significantly higher in plant species within co-flowering modules than in species among them. This suggests pollinator facilitation may lead to floral trait convergence, but only within co-flowering modules. However, our results also revealed seasonal and spatial shifts in the underlying interactions (facilitation or competition) driving co-flowering assembly, suggesting that the prevalent dominant interactions are not static.</p> <p>Synthesis: Overall, we provide strong evidence showing that the use of flowering time and floral trait distribution alone may be insufficient to fully uncover the role of pollinator-mediated interactions in community assembly. Integrating this information along with patterns of pollinator sharing will greatly help reveal the simultaneous action of facilitative and competitive pollinator-mediated interactions in co-flowering communities. The spatial and temporal variation in flowering and trait distribution patterns observed further emphasize the importance of adopting a more dynamic view of community assembly processes.</p>
Species richness in North Atlantic fish: process concealed by pattern
<p><strong>Aim </strong>Previous analyses of marine fish species richness based on presence-absence data have shown changes with latitude and average species size, but little is known about the underlying processes. To elucidate these processes we use metabolic, neutral, and descriptive statistical models to analyse how richness responds to maximum species length, fish abundance, temperature, primary production, depth, latitude, and longitude, while accounting for differences in species catchability, sampling effort, and mesh size.</p> <p><strong>Data </strong>Results from 53,382 bottom trawl hauls representing 50 fish assemblages.</p> <p><strong>Location </strong>The northern Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Guinea, the Mediterranean, the Arctic Sea.</p> <p><strong>Time period </strong>1977-2013</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong>A descriptive Generalised Additive Model was used to identify functional relationships between species richness and potential drivers, after which non-linear estimation techniques were used to parameterize: 1) a 'best' fitting model of species richness built on the functional relationships, 2) an environmental model based on latitude, longitude and depth, and mechanistic models based on 3) metabolic and 4) neutral theory.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong>In the 'best' model the number of species observed is a lognormal function of maximum species length. It increases significantly with temperature, primary production, sampling effort, and abundance, and declines with depth and, for small species, with the mesh size in the trawl. The 'best' model explains close to 90% of the deviance and the neutral, metabolic, and environmental models 89%. In all four models, maximum species length and either temperature or latitude account for more than half of the deviance explained.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusion </strong>The two mechanistic models explain the patterns in demersal fish species richness in the northern Atlantic almost equally well. A better understanding of the underlying drivers is likely to require development of dynamic mechanistic models of richness and size evolution, fit not only to extant distributions, but also to historical environmental conditions and to past speciation and extinction rates.</p>
Data from: Pattern and process in hominin brain size evolution are scale-dependent
A large brain is a defining feature of modern humans, yet there is no consensus regarding the patterns, rates, and processes involved in hominin brain size evolution. We use a reliable proxy for brain size in fossils, endocranial volume (ECV), to better understand how brain size evolved at both clade- and lineage-level scales. For the hominin clade overall, the dominant signal is consistent with a gradual increase in brain size. This gradual trend appears to have been generated primarily by processes operating within hypothesized lineages – 64% or 88% depending on whether one uses a more or less speciose taxonomy, respectively. These processes were supplemented by the appearance in the fossil record of larger-brained Homo species and the subsequent disappearance of smaller-brained Australopithecus and Paranthropus taxa. When the estimated rate of within-lineage ECV increase is compared to an exponential model that operationalizes generation-scale evolutionary processes, it suggests that the observed data were the result of episodes of directional selection interspersed with periods of stasis and/or drift; all of this occurs on too fine a time scale to be resolved by the current human fossil record, thus producing apparent gradual trends within lineages. Our findings provide a quantitative basis for developing and testing scale-explicit hypotheses about the factors that led brain size to increase during hominin evolution.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.