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21 results for “pyrrolizidine alkaloids”
Occurrence data on Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) in food
<p>The dataset contains data on the occurrence of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) in food products of plant origin, in particular herbal teas and food supplements from different geographic regions in Europe.</p> <p>A total of 359 samples were collected in years 2014 and 2015 and analysed for the presence of 28 PAs. Samples were collected in supermarkets, retail shops and for a small proportion via internet. The samples comprised 168 teas (including black, green, rooibos, chamomile, peppermint and mixed herbal tea) and 191 food supplements. The analytical method for determination of 1,2-unsaturated PAs is based on liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which complies with the requirements as described by the Commission regulation No. 401/2006.</p> <p>The updates in version 2 mainly refer to the analytical methods and the limits of quantification reported for the analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different food samples, and to some plant extracts for which wrong levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were reported by a data provider.</p>
Fig. 5. Proposed fragmentation scheme for 2-aminobenzoyl O in Chemotaxonomic investigation of Apocynaceae for retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids using HPLC-MS/MS
Fig. 5. Proposed fragmentation scheme for 2-aminobenzoyl O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)- β-D-glucopyranoside (m/z 432.15 when protonated) in positive ion mode ESI to m/z 300.11, 138.06, and 120.04 fragments.
Fig. 2 in Chemotaxonomic investigation of Apocynaceae for retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids using HPLC-MS/MS
Fig. 2. Common esterification patterns between necic acids and necine bases observed in retronecine-type PAs.
Data from: A free lunch? No cost for acquiring defensive plant pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a specialist arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix)
Many herbivorous insects sequester defensive chemicals from their host plants. We tested sequestration fitness costs in the specialist moth Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). We added pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) to an artificial diet at different concentrations. Of all the larval and adult fitness components measured, only development time was negatively affected by PA concentration. These results were repeated under stressful laboratory conditions. On the other hand, the amount of PAs sequestered greatly increased with the diet PA concentration. Absence of a detectable negative effect does not necessarily imply a lack of costs if all individuals express the biochemical machinery of detoxification and sequestration constitutively. Therefore, we used qPCR to show that expression of the gene used to detoxify PAs, pyrrolizidine-alkaloid-N-oxygenase (pno), increased 41-fold in our highest PA treatment. Nevertheless, fitness components were affected only slightly or not at all, suggesting that sequestration in this species does not incur a strong cost. The apparent lack of costs has important implications for our understanding of the evolution of ecological interactions; for example, it implies that selection by specialist herbivores may decrease the levels of certain chemical defense in plant populations.
Fig. 4 in Chemotaxonomic investigation of Apocynaceae for retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids using HPLC-MS/MS
Fig. 4. Fragmentation patterns according to esterification pattern in retronecine-type PAs.
Fig. 1 in Chemotaxonomic investigation of Apocynaceae for retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids using HPLC-MS/MS
Fig. 1. Varied necine base structures found in pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Fig. 3 in Chemotaxonomic investigation of Apocynaceae for retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids using HPLC-MS/MS
Fig. 3. Subtypes of lycopsamine-type PAs containing a retronecine core.
Fig. 4. Key NOESY correlations for seneciojanine B-D in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 4. Key NOESY correlations for seneciojanine B-D (2–4).
Fig. 8 in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 8. ECD calculations for enantiomers of millingtojanine A-B (5–6).
Fig. 3. X in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 3. X-ray crystal ORTEP drawing of seneciojanine A (1).
Fig. 7. X in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 7. X-ray crystal ORTEP drawing of the millingtojanine A (5).
Fig. 5. ECD calculations for seneciojanine A-D in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 5. ECD calculations for seneciojanine A-D (1–4).
Fig. 6. Key 2D in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 6. Key 2D NMR drawings of alkaloids millingtojanine A-B (5–6).
Fig. 1 in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 1. Structures of compounds 1–6.
Fig. 2. Key 2D in Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and unusual millingtojanine A-B from Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.)
Fig. 2. Key 2D NMR drawings of seneciojanine A (1).
Data from: A free lunch? No cost for acquiring defensive plant pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a specialist arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix)
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Blood microRNA signatures serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by Gynura japonica containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids
GEO Series GSE164635. Homo sapiens. 30 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by array.
Data from: Identification of any structure-specific hepatotoxic potential of different pyrrolizidine alkaloids using Random Forest and artificial Neural Network
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Gene expression changes in rat lung induced by six pyrrolizidine alkaloids
GEO Series GSE166195. Rattus norvegicus. 48 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Disturbance of gene expression in primary human hepatocytes by hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids: a whole genome transcriptome analysis
GEO Series GSE69269. Homo sapiens. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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