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26 results for “quantitative genetic variation”
Data from: The genetic architecture of quantitative variation in the self-incompatibility response within Phlox drummondii (Polemoniaceae)
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Data from: the quantitative genetic basis of variation in sexual versus non-sexual butterfly wing colouration: autosomal, Z-linked and maternal effects
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Data from: The quantitative genetics of physiological and morphological traits in an invasive terrestrial snail: additive versus non-additive genetic variation
1. The distribution of additive versus non-additive genetic variation in natural populations represents a central topic of research in evolutionary/organismal biology. For evolutionary physiologists, functional or whole-animal performance traits ("physiological traits") are frequently studied assuming they are heritable and variable in populations. 2. Physiological traits of evolutionary relevance are those functional capacities measured at the whole-organism level, with a potential impact on fitness. They can be classified as capacities (or performances) or costs, the former being directly correlated with fitness, and the latter being inversely correlated with fitness (usually assumed as constraints). 3. In spite of their obvious adaptive significance, the additive genetic variation of physiological traits, and its relative contribution to phenotypic variance (or narrow-sense heritability) in comparison to maternal, dominance or epistatic variance, is known only for a few groups such as insects and mammals. 4. In this study, we assessed the additive and maternal/non-additive genetic variation in a suite of physiological and morphological traits in populations of the land snail Cornu aspersum. 5.Except for dehydration rate (h2= 0.32 ± 0.15), egg mass (h2= 0.82 ± 0.30) and hatchling mass (h2= 1.01 ± 0.31) (population = fixed effect), we found very low additive genetic variation. Large non-additive/maternal effects were found in all traits. Cage effects did not change the results, indicating low contribution of common environmental variance to our results. No differences were found between the phenotypic or non-additive genetic variance/covariance matrices. 6. Even though we compared populations across 1300 km in a common garden setup, our results suggest an absence of physiological as well as morphological differentiation in these populations. 7. These results contrast with previous analyses in the original distributional range of this species, which found high additive genetic variation in morphological traits. These are intriguing results demanding further quantitative genetic studies in the original distributional range of this species as well as the history of colonization of this invasive species.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of genetic variation at the quantitative and molecular levels within a natural Arabidopsis thaliana population
<p><span>Evolutionary change begins at the population scale. Therefore, understanding adaptive variation requires the identification of the factors maintaining and shaping standing genetic variation at the within-population level. Spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity represent ecological drivers of within-population genetic variation, determining the evolutionary trajectory of populations along with random processes. Here, we focused on the effects of </span><span>spatio-temporal heterogeneity on quantitative and molecular variation in a natural population of the annual plant <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>.</span></p> <p><span>We sampled 1,093 individuals from a Spanish <em>A. thaliana </em>population across an area of 7.4 ha for 10 years (2012-2021). Based on a sample of 279 maternal lines, we estimated spatio-temporal variation in life-history traits and fitness from a common garden experiment. We genotyped 884 individuals with nuclear microsatellites to estimate spatio-temporal variation in genetic diversity. We assessed spatial patterns by estimating spatial autocorrelation of traits and fine-scale genetic structure. We analyzed the relationships between phenotypic variation, geographic location and genetic relatedness, as well as the effects of environmental suitability and genetic rarity on phenotypic variation. </span></p> <p><span>The common garden experiment indicated that there was more temporal than spatial variation in life-history traits and fitness. Despite the differences among years, genetic distance in ecologically relevant traits (e.g. flowering time) tended to be positively correlated to genetic distance among maternal lines, whilst isolation by distance was less important. Genetic diversity exhibited significant spatial structure at short distances, which were consistent among years. Finally, genetic rarity, and not environmental suitability, accounted for genetic variation in life-history traits.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. Our study highlighted the importance of repeated sampling to detect the large amount of genetic diversity at the quantitative and molecular levels that a single <em>A. thaliana</em> population can harbor. Overall, population genetic attributes estimated from our long-term monitoring scheme (genetic relatedness and genetic rarity), rather than biological (dispersal) or ecological (vegetation types and environmental suitability) factors, emerged as the most important drivers of within-population structure of phenotypic variation in <em>A. thaliana.</em></span></p>
Molecular and quantitative genetic variation within and between populations of the declining grassland species Saxifraga granulata
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Formerly common plant species are expected to be particularly susceptible to recent habitat fragmentation. We studied the population genetics of 19 recently fragmented <em>Saxifraga granulata</em> populations (max. distance 61 km) in Luxembourg and neighbouring Germany using RAPD markers and a common garden experiment. We assessed (1) the relationships between plant fitness, quantitative genetic variation, molecular genetic variation and population size, and (2) the relative importance of genetic drift and selection in shaping genetic variation. Molecular genetic diversity was high but did not correlate with population size, habitat conditions or with plant performance. Genetic differentiation was low (<em>F</em><sub>ST</sub> = 0.079 ± 0.135) and there was no isolation by distance. Longevity, clonality and the long-lived seed bank of <em>S. granulata</em> may have prevented strong genetic erosion and genetic differentiation among populations. H</span><span>owever, genetic distinctness increased with decreasing genetic diversity indicating that random genetic drift occurred in the studied populations. Quantitative and molecular gen</span><span>etic variation were correlated and their differentiation (<em>Q</em><sub>ST </sub>vs. <em>F</em><sub>ST</sub>) among <em>S. granulata</em> populations was similar, suggesting that mainly random processes have shaped the quantitative genetic differentiation among populations. However, pairwise quantitative genetic distances increased with geographic and climatic distances, even when adjusted for molecular genetic distances, indicating diversifying selection. Our results indicate that long-lived clonal species may be buffered at least temporarily against the negative effects of fragmentation. The relationship between quantitative genetic and geographic distance may be a more sensitive indicator of selection than <em>Q</em><sub>ST</sub> - <em>F</em><sub>ST</sub> differences.</span></p>
Data from: Genetic variation in HIF signaling underlies quantitative variation in physiological and life history traits within lowland butterfly populations
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Data from: Quantitative genetic variation in, and environmental effects on, pathogen resistance and temperature-dependent disease severity in a wild trout
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Data from: Comparison of quantitative and molecular genetic variation of native vs. invasive populations of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L., Lythraceae)
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Data from: Quantitative genetic architecture at latitudinal range boundaries: reduced variation but higher trait independence
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Data from: Quantitative genetic analysis of brain size variation in sticklebacks: support for the mosaic model of brain evolution
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of genetic variation at the quantitative and molecular levels within a natural Arabidopsis thaliana population
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Molecular and quantitative genetic variation within and between populations of the declining grassland species Saxifraga granulata
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Data from: The quantitative genetics of physiological and morphological traits in an invasive terrestrial snail: additive versus non-additive genetic variation
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Data from: Population size is weakly related to quantitative genetic variation and trait differentiation in a stream fish
How population size influences quantitative genetic variation and differentiation among natural, fragmented populations remains unresolved. Small, isolated populations might occupy poor quality habitats and lose genetic variation more rapidly due to genetic drift than large populations. Genetic drift might furthermore overcome selection as population size decreases. Collectively, this might result in directional changes in additive genetic variation (VA) and trait differentiation (QST) from small to large population size. Alternatively, small populations might exhibit larger variation in VA and QST if habitat fragmentation increases variability in habitat types. We explored these alternatives by investigating VA and QST using nine fragmented populations of brook trout varying 50-fold in census size N (179-8416) and 10-fold in effective number of breeders, Nb (18-135). Across 15 traits, no evidence was found for consistent differences in VA and QST with population size and almost no evidence for increased variability of VA or QST estimates at small population size. This suggests that (i) small populations of some species may retain adaptive potential according to commonly adopted quantitative genetic measures and (ii) populations of varying sizes experience a variety of environmental conditions in nature, however extremely large studies are likely required before any firm conclusions can be made.
Data from: The genetic basis of discrete and quantitative colour variation in the polymorphic lizard, Ctenophorus decresii
Background: Colour polymorphic species provide invaluable insight into processes that generate and maintain intra-specific variation. Despite an increasing understanding of the genetic basis of discrete morphs, sources of colour variation within morphs remain poorly understood. Here we use the polymorphic tawny dragon lizard Ctenophorus decresii to test simple Mendelian models for the inheritance of discrete morphs, and to investigate the genetic basis of continuous variation among individuals across morphs. Males of this species express either orange, yellow, orange surrounded by yellow, or grey throats. Although four discrete morphs are recognised, the extent of orange and yellow varies greatly. We artificially elevated testosterone in F0 females and F1 juveniles to induce them to express the male throat colour polymorphism, and quantified colour variation across the pedigree. Results: Inheritance of discrete morphs in C. decresii best fit a model whereby two autosomal loci with complete dominance respectively determine the presence of orange and yellow. However, a single locus model with three co-dominant alleles for orange, yellow and grey could not be definitively rejected. Additionally, quantitative expression of the proportion of orange and yellow on the throat was strongly heritable (orange: h2 = 0.84 ± 0.14; yellow: h2 = 0.67 ± 0.19), with some evidence for covariance between the two. Conclusions: Our study supports the theoretical prediction that polymorphism should be governed by few genes of major effect, but implies broader genetic influence on variation in constituent morph traits.
Data from: Identification of quantitative genetic components of fitness variation in farmed, hybrid and native salmon in the wild
Feral animals represent an important problem in many ecosystems due to interbreeding with wild conspecifics. Hybrid offspring from wild and domestic parents are often less adapted to local environment and ultimately, can reduce the fitness of the native population. This problem is an important concern in Norway, where each year, hundreds of thousands of farm Atlantic salmon escape from fish farms. Feral fish outnumber wild populations, leading to a possible loss of local adaptive genetic variation and erosion of genetic structure in wild populations. Studying the genetic factors underlying relative performance between wild and domesticated conspecific can help to better understand how domestication modifies the genetic background of populations, and how it may alter their ability to adapt to the natural environment. Here, based upon a large-scale release of wild, farm and wild x farm salmon crosses into a natural river system, a genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) scan was performed on the offspring of 50 full-sib families, for traits related to fitness (length, weight, condition factor and survival). Six QTLs were detected as significant contributors to the phenotypic variation of the first three traits, explaining collectively between 9.8 and 14.8% of the phenotypic variation. The seventh QTL had a significant contribution to the variation in survival, and is regarded as a key factor to understand the fitness variability observed among salmon in the river. Interestingly, strong allelic correlation within one of the QTL regions in farmed salmon might reflect a recent selective sweep due to artificial selection.
Data from: Social cues affect quantitative genetic variation and covariation in animal personality traits
The social environment is expected to have substantial effects on behavior, and as a consequence its heritability and evolvability. We investigated these effects by exposing Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) to either silence or recordings of male acoustic sexual signals. We used a combined pedigree and full-sib/half-sib breeding design to estimate the repeatability, heritability, and evolvability of behaviors related to boldness, exploration, and activity. All behaviors measured were significantly repeatable in both social environments. Additionally, most behaviors showed significant heritabilities in the two environments. We found no difference in repeatabilities between the silent and the acoustic environment but did find significant differences in the heritabilities and evolvabilities between these environments. There was a high degree of similarity between the phenotypic covariance matrices across the two environments, while the genotypic covariance matrices were highly dissimilar. Reflecting this, we found significant genotype-by-environment interactions for most of the behaviors. Lastly, we found that the repeatable aspect of behavior ('personality') was significantly heritable for most behaviors, but that these heritabilities were higher in the acoustic than in the silent environment. We conclude that the social environment can have a significant impact on the heritability and evolvability of behavior, and argue that evolutionary inferences from phenotypic studies should be made with caution.
Data from: QTL and quantitative genetic analysis of beak morphology reveals patterns of standing genetic variation in an Estrildid finch
The intra- and interspecific diversity of avian beak morphologies is one of the most compelling examples for the power of natural selection acting on a morphological trait. The development and diversification of the beak has also become a textbook example for evolutionary developmental biology, and variation in expression levels of several genes is known to causally affect beak shape. However, until now no genomic polymorphisms have been identified that are related to beak morphology in birds. QTL mapping does reveal the location of causal polymorphisms, albeit with poor spatial resolution. Here we estimate heritability and genetic correlations for beak length, depth and width and perform a QTL linkage analysis for these traits based on 1,404 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in a four generation pedigree of 992 captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Beak size, relative to body size, was sexually dimorphic (larger in males). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.47 for beak length to 0.74 for beak width. QTL mapping revealed four to five regions of significant or suggestive genome-wide linkage for each of the three beak dimensions (nine different regions in total). Eight out of eleven genes known to influence beak morphology are located in these nine peak regions. Five QTL do not cover known candidates demonstrating that yet unknown genes or regulatory elements may influence beak morphology in the zebra finch.
Data from: Identification of quantitative genetic components of fitness variation in farmed, hybrid and native salmon in the wild
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Data from: Integrating candidate gene and quantitative genetic approaches to understand variation in timing of breeding in wild tit populations
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.