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25 results for “rainforest birds”
Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
<p>Passive restoration of secondary forests can partially offset loss of biodiversity following tropical deforestation. Tree cavities, an essential resource for cavity-nesting birds, are usually associated with old forest. We investigated the restoration time for tree cavities suitable for cavity-nesting birds in secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) in central Amazonian Brazil. We hypothesized that cavity abundance would increase with forest age, but more rapidly in areas exposed to cutting only, compared to areas where forest was cut and burned. We also hypothesized that cavities would be lower, smaller, and less variable in secondary forest than in old-growth forest, which at the BDFFP is part of a vast lowland forest with no recent history of human disturbance. We used pole-mounted cameras and tree-climbing to survey cavities in 39 plots (each 200 × 40 m) across old-growth forests and 11–34 year-old secondary forests. We used generalized linear models to examine how cavity supply was related to forest age and land-use history (cut only vs cut-and-burn), and principal components analysis to compare cavity characteristics between old-growth and secondary forest. Cavity availability increased with secondary forest age, regardless of land-use history, but the oldest secondary forest (31–34 years) still had fewer cavities (mean ± SE = 9.8 ± 2.2 cavities/ha) than old-growth forest (20.5 ± 4.2 cavities/ha). Moreover, secondary forests lacked cavities that were high and deep, with large entrances – characteristics likely to be important for many species of cavity-nesting birds. Several decades may be necessary to restore cavity supply in secondary Amazonian forests, especially for the largest birds (e.g, forest-falcons and parrots > 190 g). Retention of legacy trees as forest is cleared might help maintain a supply of cavities that could allow earlier recolonization by some species of cavity-nesting birds when cleared areas are abandoned.</p>
Data on rainforest birds from line transect surveys in the Kalakad - Mundathurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
<p>This dataset contains data on rainforest bird communities collected along line transects in Kalakad - Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India, as part of doctoral research leading up to the following thesis:<br>Raman, T. R. S. 2001. Community ecology and conservation of mid-elevation tropical rainforest bird communities in the southern Western Ghats, India. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.<br><br>Part of the data (from transects T2 and T3, in particular) was used in the following publication:<br>Raman, T. R. S. 2003. Assessment of census techniques for inter-specific comparisons of tropical rainforest bird densities. <em>Ibis</em> 145: 9-21. <a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00105.x">http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00105.x</a><br><br>The Raman (2003) publication also uses bird point count data (from T2 and T3) available in a related dataset: <br>Raman, T. R. S., Mudappa, D., Jeganathan, P., Joshi, N. V., Sukumar, R. 2022. Data on bird communities and vegetation in relation to altitude and habitat alteration in the Kalakad - Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India. Dryad, Dataset, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rngj">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rngj</a></p> <p>GEOGRAPHICAL AREA: Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), 895 km² sanctuary located between 8°25′ to 8°53′ N and 77°10′ to 77°35′ E in Tamil Nadu state in the Western Ghats mountain range of India.</p> <p>TAXONOMIC SCOPE: Birds, mammals</p> <p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: I am grateful to P. Pavithra for help with data entry and compilation.</p>
Fig. 1 in Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of wild birds in Arauca, Orinoquia region of Colombia
Fig. 1. Localities sampled in the municipalities of Arauca, Cravo Norte, and Tame and reports of Rickettsia spp. in the study area (▴Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest).
Fig. 2 in Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of wild birds in Arauca, Orinoquia region of Colombia
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of the outer membrane protein gene ompB present only in SFG Rickettsia species. The tree was inferred through Maximum Likelihood with the Tamura 3-parameter evolution model. The sequences obtained in this study appear in bold and the GenBank accessions numbers are provided within square brackets.
Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
<ol> <li>Ecological restoration has emerged as a key strategy for conserving tropical forests and habitat specialists, and monitoring faunal recovery using indicator taxa like birds can help assess restoration success. Few studies have examined, however, whether active restoration achieves better recovery of bird communities than natural regeneration, or how bird recovery relates to habitat affiliations of species in the community.</li> <li>In rainforests restored over the past two decades in a fragmented landscape (Western Ghats, India), we examined whether bird species richness and community composition recovery in 23 actively restored (AR) sites was significantly better than recovery in paired naturally regenerating (NR) sites, relative to 23 undisturbed benchmark (BM) rainforests. We measured 8 habitat variables and tested whether bird recovery tracked habitat recovery, whether rainforest and open-country birds showed contrasting patterns, and assessed species-level responses to restoration.</li> <li>We recorded 92 bird species in 460 point-count surveys. Rainforest bird species richness was highest in BM, intermediate in AR, and lowest in NR. Contrastingly, open-country bird species richness was least in BM, intermediate in AR, and highest in NR.</li> <li>Bird community composition varied significantly across treatment types with composition in AR in transition from NR to BM. Bird community dissimilarity between sites was positively related to dissimilarity in habitat structure and floristics, and geographic distance between sites. Variance partitioning indicated that structural and floristic dissimilarity explained 90% of the variation in community composition.</li> <li>Indicator species analysis revealed significant associations of 34 species with one or more treatment types. Species associated with BM and AR treatment types were all rainforest species, while only 38% of species associated with AR and NR treatment types were rainforest species.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: We show that active restoration of degraded fragments benefits rainforest birds and reduces the infiltration of open-country birds, and highlight the importance of considering rainforest and open-country species separately. In human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes, active restoration of degraded fragments fosters partial recovery and complements protection of mature forests for bird conservation.</li> </ol>
Figure 1 A in Cicadas impact bird communication in a noisy tropical rainforest
Figure 1 A comparison of the "soundscape" recorded during two 30 s periods from the same location on 6 July 2012, within secondary wet forest at Las Cruces Biological Station, Costa Rica. (a) A spectrogram from approximately 08:14 AM, before the onset of Zammara cicada choruses and shows 7 unique vocalizations (Arremon aurantiirostris call, Picumnus olivaceus, Arremon torquatus, Catharus aurantiirostris, Arremon aurantiirostris song, Phaeothlypis fulvicauda, Formicarius analis). (b) A spectrogram from approximately 08:50 AM, just after onset of Zammara cicada choruses, which can be seen by the dark, pulsing signal with a base frequency occupying much of the bandwidth between approximately 2.7 and 6.5 kHz. No birds are vocalizing during this period.
Figure 2 in Cicadas impact bird communication in a noisy tropical rainforest
Figure 2 Rate of overlap, excluding "complete" overlap, between bird and cicada signals before versus after the onset of cicada signaling for 7 recording days during June and July 2012 in secondary wet forest at Las Cruces Biological Station, Costa Rica. The "overlap before" bar represents the number of unique bird vocalizations produced prior to the onset of Zammara chorusing, with spectra that overlap to any degree with the normal base frequency range of Zammara signals. The "overlap after" bar represents the number of unique bird vocalizations with spectra that overlapped to any degree with the actual Zammara signals.
Data on rainforest birds from line transect surveys in the Kalakad - Mundathurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
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Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
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Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
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Data from: Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India
<p>This dataset includes bird community, habitat structure, and vegetation data from the following publication:</p> <p>Raman, T.R.S. 2006. Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India. <em>Biodiversity and Conservation</em> 15: 1577–1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-2352-5</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>As large nature reserves occupy only a fraction of the earth's land surface, conservation biologists are critically examining the role of private lands, habitat fragments, and plantations for conservation. This study in a biodiversity hotspot and endemic bird area, the Western Ghats mountains of India, examined the effects of habitat structure, floristics, and adjacent habitats on bird communities in shade-coffee and cardamom plantations and tropical rainforest fragments. Habitat and birds were sampled in 13 sites: six fragments (three relatively isolated and three with canopy connectivity with adjoining shade-coffee plantations and forests), six plantations differing in canopy tree species composition (five coffee and one cardamom), and one undisturbed primary rainforest control site in the Anamalai hills. Around 3300 detections of 6000 individual birds belonging to 106 species were obtained. The coffee plantations were poorer than rainforest in rainforest bird species, particularly endemic species, but the rustic cardamom plantation with diverse, native rainforest shade trees, had bird species richness and abundance comparable to primary rainforest. Plantations and fragments that adjoined habitats providing greater tree canopy connectivity supported more rainforest and fewer open-forest bird species and individuals than sites that lacked such connectivity. These effects were mediated by strong positive effects of vegetation structure, particularly woody plant variables, cane, and bamboo, on bird community structure. Bird community composition was however positively correlated only to floristic (tree species) composition of sites. The maintenance or restoration of habitat structure and (shade) tree species composition in shade-coffee and cardamom plantations and rainforest fragments can aid in rainforest bird conservation in the regional landscape.</p>
Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest
<p>First, this dataset contains morphological measurements (body mass, wing length) of birds from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), located in central Amazonia. Birds were captured using mist-nets between 1979 and 2019 in the understory of primary forest spanning ~40 km. Second, we have included climate data (precipitation, temperature) associated with this study area derived from the global EU Copernicus ERA5 climate reanalysis (<a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu</a>).</p>
Data from: Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India
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Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest
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Data from: Partial recovery of primary rainforest bird communities in Amazonian secondary forests
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Data from: Primary rainforest amount at the landscape scale mitigates bird biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization
1.Tropical conservation strategies traditionally focus on large tracts of pristine forests, but given rapid primary forest decline, understanding the role of secondary forest remnants for biodiversity maintenance is critical. Until now, the interactive effects of changes in forest amount, configuration and disturbance history (secondary vs. primary forest) on the conservation value of tropical landscapes has remained unknown, hampering the incorporation of these global change drivers into local and global conservation planning. 2.We disentangled effects of landscape wide forest amount, fragment size, and forest age (old growth versus secondary forest) on abundance, α-diversity, β-diversity (biotic homogenisation) and community shifts of bird communities in human-dominated landscapes of southern Costa Rica. Utilizing two complementary methods, yielding 6900 individual detections and 223 species, we characterized bird communities in 49 forest fragments representing independent gradients in fragment size (<5 ha vs >30 ha) and forest amount (5%-80%) in the surrounding landscape (within 1000 m). 3.Abundance and α-diversity of forest specialists and insectivores declined by half in small fragments, but only in landscapes with little old growth forest. Conversely, secondary forest at the landscape scale showed no such compensation effect. Similarly, a null-model approach indicated significant biotic homogenisation in small versus large fragments, but only in landscapes with little old growth forest, suggesting forest amount and configuration interactively affect β-diversity in tropical human-dominated landscapes. Finally, dramatic abundance-based community shifts relative to intact forests are largely a result of landscape-scale loss of old growth rather than changes in overall forest cover. 4.Policy implications. Our study provides strong evidence that retaining old growth within tropical human modified landscapes can simultaneously curb erosion of avian forest specialist α-diversity, mitigate collapse of β-diversity (biotic homogenisation) and dampen detrimental avian community shifts. However, secondary forests play, at best, a subordinate role to mitigate these processes. To maintain tropical forest biodiversity, retaining old growth forest within landscapes should be first priority, highlighting a land-sparing approach.
Figure 1 in Diet of tropical insectivorous birds in lowland Malaysian rainforest
Figure 1. Map of Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. The reserve is represented by light grey, forest areas surrounding the reserve by dark grey, and non-forest areas by white. Map adapted from Zakaria et al. (2014).
The climatic drivers of long-term population changes in rainforest montane birds
<p>Climate-driven biodiversity erosion is escalating at an alarming rate. The pressure imposed by climate change is exceptionally high in tropical ecosystems, where species adapted to narrow environmental ranges exhibit strong physiological constraints. Despite the observed detrimental effect of climate change on ecosystems at a global scale, our understanding of the extent to which multiple climatic drivers affect population dynamics is limited. Here, we disentangle the impact of different climatic stressors on 47 rainforest birds inhabiting the mountains of the Australian Wet Tropics using hierarchical population models. We estimate the effect of spatiotemporal changes in temperature, precipitation, heatwaves, droughts, and cyclones on the population dynamics of rainforest birds between 2000–2016. We find a strong effect of warming and changes in rainfall patterns across the elevational-segregated bird communities, with lowland populations benefiting from increasing temperature and precipitation, while upland species show an inverse strong negative response to the same drivers. Additionally, we find a negative effect of heatwaves on lowland populations, a pattern associated with the observed distribution of these extreme events across elevations. In contrast, cyclones and droughts have a marginal effect on spatiotemporal changes in rainforest bird communities, suggesting a species-specific response unrelated to the elevational gradient. This study demonstrated the importance of unravelling the drivers of climate change impacts on population changes, providing significant insight into the mechanisms accelerating climate-induced biodiversity degradation.</p>
Data from: Primary rainforest amount at the landscape scale mitigates bird biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization
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Data from: Bird responses to lowland rainforest conversion in Sumatran smallholder landscapes, Indonesia
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.