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opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Performance and preference of four above- and below-ground invertebrate and generalist herbivores on regionally and locally rare plant species

<ol> <li>Rare plant species are suggested to be less resistant to herbivores than common species. Their lower apparency and the fact that they often live in isolated populations, resulting in fewer herbivore encounters, might have led to the evolution of reduced defences. Moreover, their frequently lower levels of genetic diversity compared with common species could negatively affect their resistance against enemies. However, the hypothesis that plant resistance depends on plant regional and local rarity, independently of habitat and competitive and growth strategy, lacks evidence.</li> <li>To test this hypothesis, we assessed the performance and preference of one belowground and three aboveground generalist invertebrate herbivores from different taxonomic groups as indicators of plant resistance. Herbivores were fed a total of 62 regionally and locally rare and common plant species from Switzerland. We accounted for differences in a plant's growth and competitive strategy and habitat resource availability.</li> <li>We found that regionally and locally rare and common plant species did not generally differ in their resistance to most generalist herbivores. However, one herbivore species even performed better and preferred locally and regionally common plant species over rarer ones, indicating that common species are not more resistant, but tend to be less resistant. We also found that all herbivore species consistently performed better on competitive and large plant species, although different herbivore species generally preferred and performed better on different plant species. The latter indicates that the use of generalist herbivores as indicators of plant-resistance levels can be misleading.</li> <li> Synthesis: Our results show that rare plant species are not inherently less resistant than common ones to herbivores. Instead, our results suggest that the ability of plants to allocate resources away from defence towards enhancing their competitive ability might have allowed plants to tolerate herbivory, and to become locally and regionally common.</li> </ol>

zenodo36/100

Data for "Negative density dependence promotes persistence of a globally rare yet locally abundant plant species (Oenoethera coloradensis)"

This dataset was used to perform the analyses in the manuscript "Negative density dependence promotes persistence of a globally rare yet locally abundant plant species (Oenoethera coloradensis)"

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

publicJul 2024View details →

Fruit-, seed- and seedling-related fitness traits after self-pollination and two types of cross-pollination in regionally and locally common and rare plant species

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publicJul 2024View details →

Performance and preference of four above- and below-ground invertebrate and generalist herbivores on regionally and locally rare plant species

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publicMar 2021View details →

Rare plant species are at a disadvantage when both herbivory and pollination interactions are considered in an alpine meadow

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dryad32/100

Data from: Demographic responses of rare forest plants to multiple stressors: the role of deer, invasive species and nutrients

Forest ecosystems in eastern North America face multiple threats or stressors including plant and animal invasions and increased white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory. While each stressor may have independent detrimental effects on native biota, stressors often co-occur and are likely to have interactive effects. Despite recognition that concurrent processes drive plant demographic responses, few studies evaluate independent and combined effect of stressors. Using a network of 12 sites that varied in non-native plant cover and introduced earthworm density and biomass we experimentally assessed effects of deer exclusion (30 x 30 m paired plots), slug exclusion and nutrient addition on survival, growth and fecundity of four rare forest understorey plant species (Aristolochia serpentaria L., Agrimonia rostellata Wallr., Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd, and Trillium erectum L). We found that single and combined effects of stressors were species-specific and varied according to plant stage and demographic parameter. Interactions were prevalent among all studied stressors and, for most cases, did not follow predicted responses. We found detrimental deer herbivory effects on reproductive A. rostellata and non-consumptive effects on A. serpentaria and T. erectum. Negative deer effects follow underlying predictions, and override effects of other stressors, even when other concurrent processes are at play. Contrary to expectations, we did not find negative effects of non-native plants. Earthworms had positive effects on A. rostellata and C. retroflexa (especially when deer were excluded), but negative effects on T. erectum. Slug effects were dependent on other stressors, especially on interactions with non-native plants and earthworms. Nutrient addition had a negative effect on survival of A. serpentaria and T. erectum, but positive effects on C. retroflexa and T. erectum growth. Synthesis: We found prevalent but unpredictable interactions among all study factors and plant species. Negative direct and indirect deer effects overrode impacts of all other stressors we investigated. A multi-factor approach is critical to predict plant responses to concurrent environmental forces. Assessment of combined effects should form an essential component of subsequent research on plant demography and management of declining species.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

opennotspecifiedDec 2017View details →

FIGURE 3. A–C,F,H–L,O–P Stevekenia nothocestri, D–E,G,M–N,Q Stevekenia aiea. A in A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae)

FIGURE 3. A–C,F,H–L,O–P Stevekenia nothocestri, D–E,G,M–N,Q Stevekenia aiea. A—male terminalia; B—sperm pump with comparative size of paramere; C—aedeagus; D—male terminalia; E—aedeagus; F,G—paramere (external surface); H—female terminalia; I—female subgenital plate (ventral view); J—female proctiger (dorsal view); K detail of dorsum of female proctiger indicating position of raised pores flanking anal ring; L female abdomen (with eggs) indicating long setae on sternites; M—female terminalia (with egg) indicating position of raised pore flanking anal ring, inset illustration of anal ring shape and circumanal pores; N—ovipositor; O–Q—eggs indicating pedicel, tail, plug-like structure, and surface cellular outgrowths (illustrated).

opennotspecifiedDec 2017View details →

FIGURE 2. A–H, N, P–Q Stevekenia nothocestri, I–M,O,R Stevekenia aiea. A in A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae)

FIGURE 2. A–H, N, P–Q Stevekenia nothocestri, I–M,O,R Stevekenia aiea. A—head (dorsal view above, ventral view below) indicating position of posterior eye rim extensions (outlined), lateral ocelli, and anterior vertex extensions (in dorsal view) and position of medial ocellus below vertex extensions (in ventral view); B—head (dorso-anterior view) indicating short vertex with anterior vertex extensions; C—head (ventro-anterior view); D—head (lateral view) indicating position of posterior eye rim extension; E—single disk rhinarium on antennal segment 6 (illustration inset); F—multiple disk rhinaria on antennal segment 4; G—head and antenna; H—proboscis; I—head (dorsal view above, ventral view below) indicating position of posterior eye rim extensions, lateral ocelli, and anterior vertex extensions (in dorsal view) and position of medial ocellus below vertex extensions (in ventral view); J—detail of diverging anterior vertex extensions; K—head and antenna; L—proboscis; M,N—hind leg; O,P—genual spine at base of hind tibia; Q—apical tibial spurs and tarsi; R—detail of pair of apical tibial spurs not conjoined basally; S—detail of hind tarsal claws and arolium.

opennotspecifiedDec 2017View details →

FIGURE 1. A–G Stevekenia nothocestri, H–L Stevekenia aiea. A in A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae)

FIGURE 1. A–G Stevekenia nothocestri, H–L Stevekenia aiea. A—fore wing; B—hind wing; C—detail of fore wing cell m2 indicating position of two clusters of marginal radular spines, inset illustrates disbursed distribution of spines; D—detail of long setae on fore wing ventral margin and veins; E—dorsum of thorax; F—female habitus (cluster of eggs in abdomen); Ghead and thorax; H—fore wing (male); I—fore wing (female); J—hind wing (female); K—detail of fore wing cells m1 and m2 indicating position of single clusters of marginal radular spines towards posterior in each cell, inset illustrates narrow distribution of spines; L—detail of long setae on fore wing ventral margin and veins.

opennotspecifiedSep 2022View details →

FIGURES 1–5 in Woody plant communities of southern South Africa and new distribution records for the rare dung beetle species Sarophorus punctatus Frolov & Scholtz, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

FIGURES 1–5. Sarophorus punctatus Frolov & Scholtz, 2003 (TMSA). 1, male, dorsal view; 2, female, dorsal view; 3, aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views; 4, specimen labels; 5, distribution of S. punctatus (yellow circles; circle with black point indicates type locality - "Keurboomstrand").

FIGURE 5 in A botanical expedition in Eastern Alborz (Iran): rare plant species and assessing their conservation status

FIGURE 5. Distribution map of rare or threatened-endemic species of EasternAlborz. Alcea semnanica (black triangle), Allium barsczewskii (gray triangle) Allium brachyodon (white triangle), Asperula glomerata subsp. filiformis (black star), Asperula gorganica (gray star), Gnaphalium supinum (white star), Leontodon stenocalathius (black square), Leutea glaucopruinosa and Eriocycla ghafooriana (both gray square), Leutea translucens (white square), Linaria orientalis (black polygon), Linaria shahroudensis (gray polygon), Potentilla ghazniensis (white polygon), Tulipa ulophylla (black ellipse), Veronica bungei (gray ellipse) and Veronica longipedicellata (white ellipse). Retrieved from Global Mapper v.22.1.1.

FIGURE 2 in A botanical expedition in Eastern Alborz (Iran): rare plant species and assessing their conservation status

FIGURE 2. Habit of selected threatened-endemic species of Eastern Alborz, A: Myopordon hyrcanum; B: Astragalus megalocystis; C: Astragalus anacamptus; D: Astragalus plagiophacos; E: Cousinia joharchii; F: Jurinea sharifiana.

FIGURE 4 in A botanical expedition in Eastern Alborz (Iran): rare plant species and assessing their conservation status

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of rare or threatened-endemic species of Eastern Alborz. Astragalus nubicola (black triangle), Astragalus olangensis (gray triangle), Astragalus rubrolineatus (white triangle), Cousinia decumbens (black square), Cousinia joharchii (gray square), Corydalis chionophila subsp. firouzii (white square), Crepis frigida (black ellipse), Crepis papposissima (gray ellipse), Echinops shahrudensis (white ellipse), Jurinea sharifiana (black polygon), Oxytropis kordkoyensis (gray polygon), Oxytropis shahvaria (white polygon), Atraphaxis radkanensis (black star), Eritrichium gracillimum (gray star) and Saxifraga koelzii (white star). Retrieved from Global Mapper v.22.1.1.

FIGURE 3 in A botanical expedition in Eastern Alborz (Iran): rare plant species and assessing their conservation status

FIGURE 3. Distribution map and new localities of rare or threatened-endemic species of Eastern Alborz (Damghan-Shahrud). Jurinea boreoiranica (black triangle), Myopordon hyrcanum (gray triangle), Drymocallis damghanensis (black square), Lindelofia stylosa (gray square), Dracocephalum ghahremanii (black star), Silene aminiradii (gray star), Silene orientoalborzensis (gray ellipse), Astragalus anacamptus (black ellipse), Astragalus plagiophacos (black polygon) and Astragalus megalocystis (gray polygon). Retrieved from Global Mapper v.22.1.1.

opennotspecifiedSep 2016View details →

PLATE 3. Notothylas javanica. a.–e. Single plants—circles are antheridial cavities f in Rare and peculiar hornworts: Notothylas orbicularis and N. javanica (Notothyladaceae), new genus and species records for Australia

PLATE 3. Notothylas javanica. a.–e. Single plants—circles are antheridial cavities f. Dorsal epidermal cells of thallus; two cells contain a single chloroplast with an associated pyrenoid. g. Ventral surface of plant with two sporophytes (inv = involucre; caps = capsules). h. Capsule epidermal cells. i. Basal epidermal cells of capsule. j. Internal cells of capsule below the epidermis. k. Antheridium. l. Proximal view of two spores. Illustrations by D. C. Cargill.

opennotspecifiedOct 2018View details →

FIGURE 1. Chrysanthemum yantaiense M. Sun & J.T. Chen. A. Plant, B–C in Chrysanthemum yantaiense, a rare new species of Asteraceae from China

FIGURE 1. Chrysanthemum yantaiense M. Sun & J.T. Chen. A. Plant, B–C. Two types of leaves, D. Side view of paniculate synflorescence, E. Top view of paniculate synflorescence, F. Capitula, G. Ray floret and disk floret, H. T-shaped hairs.