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61 results for “red squirrel”
MRI and unbiased averages of wild muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
<p>Preprocessed data from:</p> <p>Amuno, S., Rudko, D.A., Gallino, D., Tuznik, M., Shekh, K., Kodzhahinchev, V., Niyogi, S., Chakravarty, M.M., Devenyi, G.A., 2020. Altered neurotransmission and neuroimaging biomarkers of chronic arsenic poisoning in wild muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) breeding near the City of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (Canada). Sci. Total Environ. 707, 135556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135556</p> <p> </p> <p>As well as averages and brain masks generated during DBM processing. Files in both MINC2 and NIFTI format.</p>
Figure 4 in Phylogeography of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris orientis) on the boreal island of Hokkaido, Japan
Figure 4. Network of the 29 cytochrome b gene haplotypes of Sciurus vulgaris orientis in Hokkaido Island, Japan, using statistical parsimony. Haplotype names correspond to Appendix 1. Missing haplotypes are indicated by open circles. Lines connecting haplotypes indicate the relationship. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of individuals. Haplotypes without parentheses are from just one individual.
Figure 5 in Phylogeography of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris orientis) on the boreal island of Hokkaido, Japan
Figure 5. Observed (solid lines with solid diamonds) and expected (dotted lines with open squares) mismatch distributions of Sciurus vulgaris orientis haplotypes: A) northern population; B) southern population; C) over all of Hokkaido population.
Figure 3 in Phylogeography of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris orientis) on the boreal island of Hokkaido, Japan
Figure 3. Phylogeny of Sciurus vulgaris constructed with the Bayesian inference (BI) under a HKY + G model for the cytochrome b sequences. Numbers above branches represent posterior probability supports in Bayesian analysis followed by bootstrap values from 300 replicates of ML analysis. Hyphens mean no data because clades were absent. Symbols indicate phylogroups, and correspond to those in Figure 2.
Figure 1 in Coccidian parasites of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) and grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in England
Figure 1. Outline map of England indicating collection sites. 1. Isle of Wight; 2. Fursey Island; 3. Epping Forest; 4. Thetford Chase; 5. Formby; 6. Cumbria.
Reproductive state alters vocal characteristics of female North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
<p>Female advertisement of reproductive state and receptivity has the potential to play a large role in the mating systems of many taxa, but investigations of this phenomenon are underrepresented in the literature. North American red squirrels (<em>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</em>) are highly territorial and engage in scramble competition mating, with males converging from spatially disparate territories to engage in mating chases. Given the narrow estrus window exhibited in this species, the ubiquitous use of vocalizations to advertise territory ownership, and the high synchronicity of males arriving from distant territories, we hypothesized that female vocalizations contain cues relating to their estrous state. To test this hypothesis, we examined the spectral and temporal properties of female territorial rattle vocalizations collected from females of known reproductive condition over 3 years. While we found no distinct changes associated with estrus specifically, we did identify significant changes in the spectral characteristics of rattles relating to both female body mass and reproductive state relative to parturition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of changes in vocal characteristics associated with late pregnancy in a non-human mammal.</p>
Fig. 2 in A review of Sciurus Group studies on the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris): presence, population density and colour phases in Lombardy (Italy)
Fig. 2 - Fur colour polymorphism in Sciurus vulgaris. Collection of the Museum of Natural History of Milan MSNM. (Photo by Carlo Biancardi).
Fig. 1 - A in A review of Sciurus Group studies on the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris): presence, population density and colour phases in Lombardy (Italy)
Fig. 1 - A moment of the fieldwork in Luinese. From the left: Gianni Schiroli, Andrea Viganò, Luigi Cagnolaro e Laura Rinetti. (Photo by Carlo Biancardi).
Fig. 4 in A review of Sciurus Group studies on the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris): presence, population density and colour phases in Lombardy (Italy)
Fig. 4 - Observations of red and dark phases per altitudinal range. The dark phase became prevalent, with respect to the mean colour phase ratio, above 800 m a.s.l.
Text-fig. 4. Tooth replacement by the barbary ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus). a – right maxillary with DP3–M3 (MNCN- 5522) showing the relative position of the two deciduous teeth; b – right maxillary with P3–M3 (MNCN-5538) showing the replacement of the DP4 by the P4 (not erupted). Blue: DP4; green: P4; yellow DP3; red: P3. in Dental Anomaly In A Middle Miocene Fossil Of The Genus Spermophilinus (Rodentia, Sciuridae) From Southern Germany
Text-fig. 4. Tooth replacement by the barbary ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus). a – right maxillary with DP3–M3 (MNCN- 5522) showing the relative position of the two deciduous teeth; b – right maxillary with P3–M3 (MNCN-5538) showing the replacement of the DP4 by the P4 (not erupted). Blue: DP4; green: P4; yellow DP3; red: P3.
Data from: Beaver activity and red squirrel presence predict bird assemblages in boreal Canada
<p class="MsoNormal">Wetlands and predation in boreal ecosystems play essential roles throughout the breeding season for bird assemblages. We found a positive association of beaver activity and a negative influence of American red squirrels (<em>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</em>) on bird assemblages. We used a multispecies hierarchical model to investigate whether bird communities differ between two major wetland habitats in boreal Canada: beaver ponds and peatland ponds. In addition to including variables such as forest cover and latitude, we adopted a structural equation model approach to estimate the occupancy of American red squirrels and its potential influence on bird communities. Using automated recording stations deployed at 50 ponds, we detected 96 bird species in 2018 and 2019. Bird species were grouped into four taxonomic guilds according to their habitat successional requirements: early successional species, late successional species, generalists, and wetland species. Beaver ponds harbored higher species richness, a pattern driven primarily by early successional species. The occupancy of almost a quarter of the species was lower in the presence of red squirrels. Late successional species responded positively to the cover of forest surrounding the pond. Our results highlight the value of considering acoustic data of red squirrels to quantify habitat quality in boreal forests. We conclude that beaver activity shapes bird assemblages through modification of their habitat, and that some bird guilds are associated negatively with the presence of American red squirrels.</p>
Data from: Beaver activity and red squirrel presence predict bird assemblages in boreal Canada
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Reproductive state alters vocal characteristics of female North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
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Data from: The effects of stress and glucocorticoids on vocalizations: a test in North American red squirrels
Acoustic signaling is an important means by which animals communicate both stable and labile characteristics. Although it is widely appreciated that vocalizations can convey information on labile state, such as fear and aggression, fewer studies have experimentally examined the acoustic expression of stress state. The transmission of such public information about physiological state could have broad implications, potentially influencing the behavior and life history traits of neighbors. North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) produce vocalizations known as rattles that advertise territorial ownership. We examined the influence of changes in physiological stress state on rattle acoustic structure through the application of a stressor (trapping and handling the squirrels) and by provisioning squirrels with exogenous glucocorticoids (GCs). We characterized the acoustic structure of rattles emitted by these squirrels by measuring rattle duration, mean frequency, and entropy. We found evidence that rattles do indeed exhibit a "stress signature." When squirrels were trapped and handled, they produced rattles that were longer in duration with a higher frequency and increased entropy. However, squirrels that were administered exogenous GCs had similar rattle duration, frequency, and entropy as squirrels that were fed control treatments and unfed squirrels. Our results indicate that short-term stress does affect the acoustic structure of vocalizations, but elevated circulating GC levels do not mediate such changes.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of a Red Squirrel Brain (Sciurus vulgaris)
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of a Red Squirrel Brain (<em>Sciurus vulgaris</em>) from http://braincatalogue.org/Bottlenose_dolphin</p>
Data from: Multilevel and sex-specific selection on competitive traits in North American red squirrels.
Individuals often interact more closely with some members of the population (e.g. offspring, siblings or group members) than they do with other individuals. This structuring of interactions can lead to multilevel natural selection, where traits expressed at the group-level influence fitness alongside individual-level traits. Such multilevel selection can alter evolutionary trajectories, yet is rarely quantified in the wild, especially for species that do not interact in clearly demarcated groups. We quantified multilevel natural selection on two traits, postnatal growth rate and birth date, in a population of North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). The strongest level of selection was typically within-acoustic social neighbourhoods (within 130m of the nest), where growing faster and being born earlier than nearby litters was key, while selection on growth rate was also apparent both within-litters and within-study areas. Higher population densities increased the strength of selection for earlier breeding, but did not influence selection on growth rates. Females experienced especially strong selection on growth rate at the within-litter level, possibly linked to the biased bequeathal of the maternal territory to daughters. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering multilevel and sex-specific selection in wild species, including those that are territorial and sexually monomorphic.
Data: Sex-specific effects of capital resources on reproductive timing and success in red squirrels
<p><span>Reproduction is an energetically expensive activity for both sexes. However, if males and females differ in their annual timing of reproduction, such that peak investment for one sex occurs during a more resource-limited period, there is an opportunity for sex-specific selection to act on the acquisition of energetic resources. Both male and female North American red squirrels (<em>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</em>) cache conifer cones, although males typically have larger caches than females. Peak energetic investment in reproduction occurs for males during the mating season in winter and early spring (when squirrels rely almost exclusively on cached resources) and for females during lactation (which can align with fresh food availability). We provide evidence that suggests sex differences in cache size are likely driven by a stronger positive connection between cached resources and components of fitness for males than for females. Specifically, males with larger caches have greater siring success than males with smaller caches, whereas for females, only early breeding females experience a positive effect of cache size on the number of recruits produced. We also show that males sire pups and females give birth earlier in the year if they have larger caches compared with squirrels of the same sex with smaller caches. Sexual selection can thus extend beyond traits directly connected to mating behavior, and can act on traits related to acquiring resources needed to fuel reproduction that are expressed months or years in advance of breeding efforts.</span></p>
Fig. 5 in A review of Sciurus Group studies on the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris): presence, population density and colour phases in Lombardy (Italy)
Fig. 5 - Orientation of the red squirrel dreys per study area.
Fig. 3 in A review of Sciurus Group studies on the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris): presence, population density and colour phases in Lombardy (Italy)
Fig. 3 - Study areas in Lombardy. Box: geographic position of Lombardy (black) in Italy.
Data: Sex-specific effects of capital resources on reproductive timing and success in red squirrels
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.