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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

REFLEX Dataset: A Multimodal Dataset of Human Reactions to Robotic Failures and Subsequent Robotic Explanations.

REFLEX Dataset is a comprehensive collection of multimodal Human Behavioral reactions to Robot Failures and Explanations. The version 1.0 is a representative sample of this dataset with the reactions from 5 users out of a total 55 users. This version 1.1.0 is the full dataset with the reactions from a total 55 users. Please refer to the Readme in the zipped file for further information. This data was recorded from a user study and has been processed for anonymization. <h2>About Data</h2> This description gives a detailed process on how the data was collected. It should describe the conditions under which the data was recorded and also the devices used to record the data. <h3>Data Organisation</h3> The data is structured by strategy and participant, as shown below: <pre><code>Strategy Dir/ -Participant Dir/ - analysis - questonnaire - facetorch - openface - gaze - hume - body - voice - time - video_cam1 - video_cam2 </code></pre> We employed five different strategies (C1, C2, C3, D1, D2), collecting data from 11 participants for each strategy. The data for each participant is organized within a corresponding folder. Participants are labeled based on their assigned strategy. For example, data from the first participant under the “Fixed Low” (C1) strategy can be found in the C1-1 subfolder within the C1 directory. <h3>Collected Data</h3> Each participant folder contains various datasets related to different modalities. All visual data are collected using the camera 1 video. The collected data are outlined below: <ul> <li> Anonymized Videos (<code>video_cam1.mp4</code>, <code>video_cam2.mp4</code>) - Visual Representation: <ul> <li>Video from camera 1 (robot side of view)</li> <li>Video from camera 2 (experiment side of view)</li> </ul> </li> <li> Analysis (<code>analysis.csv</code>) - Failure Instance Description: <ul> <li>Failure type</li> <li>Explanation strategy</li> <li>Explanation level</li> <li>Phase (Pre, Failure, Explanation, Resolution)</li> <li>Start/End frame and time of failure</li> <li>Task Resolved</li> </ul> </li> <li> Questionnaire (<code>questionnaire.csv</code>) - Failure Instance Description: <ul> <li>Participant Data (Age, Gender, etc)</li> <li>Answers of explanation-satisfaction rate question for rounds and overall experiment</li> </ul> </li> <li> Facetorch (<code>facetorch.csv</code>) - <a href="https://github.com/tomas-gajarsky/facetorch" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Facetorch</a> - Face: <ul> <li>Arousal/Valence levels</li> <li>Presence of Facial Action Units (AUs)</li> <li>Dominant Emotion (Out of six basic emotions and neutral)</li> </ul> </li> <li> OpenFace (<code>openface.csv</code>) - <a href="https://github.com/TadasBaltrusaitis/OpenFace" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">OpenFace</a> - Face, Gaze, Head: <ul> <li>Eye Gaze (2D and 3D Landmarks)</li> <li>Eye Direction (vector and in radians)</li> <li>Head Pose Estimation (Pose Estimation, Rotation)</li> <li>Face Landmarks (2D and 3D Landmarks)</li> <li>Facial Action Units (0.0-1.0 intensity scores, occurrences)</li> </ul> </li> <li> Gaze (<code>gaze.csv</code>) - Gaze: <ul> <li>Eye Gaze Classification (e.g., Robot, Task, Miscellaneous)</li> </ul> </li> <li> Hume (<code>hume.csv</code>) - <a href="https://www.hume.ai/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Hume Expression Measurement API</a> - Face: <ul> <li>48 Emotion likelihoods</li> <li>Facial Action Units (0.0-1.0 score)</li> <li>Facial Descriptions (0.0-1.0 score)</li> </ul> </li> <li> Voice (<code>speech.csv</code>) - <a href="https://www.hume.ai/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Hume Expression Measurement API</a> - Speech: <ul> <li>Speech conversation data</li> <li>Emotional likelihoods inferred from prosody</li> </ul> </li> <li> Body (<code>body.csv</code>) - <a href="https://ai.google.dev/edge/mediapipe/solutions/vision/pose_landmarker" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">MediaPipe Pose Landmark Detection</a> - Body: <ul> <li>Pose classifications (e.g., crossed arms, arms behind back)</li> <li>2D and 3D Pose Landmarks</li> </ul> </li> <li> Time (<code>time.csv</code>) - <a href="https://ai.google.dev/edge/mediapipe/solutions/vision/pose_landmarker" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">MediaPipe Pose Landmark Detection</a>: <ul> <li>Associated timestamp and time for each frame of camera 1 video.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Notes <ul> <li>Data was synchronized based on the `video_cam1.mp4`</li> <li>The `hume.csv` and `gaze.csv` files contain data only for frames within failure periods.</li> <li>Failure events were divided into four phases:     1. Pre-failure phase: Period before the failure occurs     2. Failure phase: When the actual failure action takes place     3. Explanation phase: When the robot provides an explanation for the failure     4. Resolution phase: When the robot guides the participant to resolve the issue</li> </ul> <h2>How to Visualize Participant Data</h2> Please visit the github repository: https://github.com/andreasnaoum/reflex-viz

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

SIGTYP 2022 Shared Task: Prediction of Cognate Reflexes

This is the data and code underlying the SIGTYP 2022 Shared Task on Cognate Reflex Prediction.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2012View details →

The Tangential Nucleus Controls a Gravito-inertial Vestibulo-ocular Reflex

Background Although adult vertebrates sense changes in head position by using two classes of accelerometer, at larval stages zebrafish lack functional semicircular canals and rely exclusively on their otolithic organs to transduce vestibular information. Results Despite this limitation, we find that larval zebrafish perform an effective vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) that serves to stabilize gaze in response to pitch and roll tilts. By using single-cell electroporations and targeted laser ablations, we identified a specific class of central vestibular neurons, located in the tangential nucleus, that are essential for the utricle-dependent VOR. Tangential nucleus neurons project contralaterally to extraocular motoneurons and in addition to multiple sites within the reticulospinal complex. Conclusions We propose that tangential neurons function as a broadband inertial accelerometer, processing utricular acceleration signals to control the activity of extraocular and postural neurons, thus completing a fundamental three-neuron circuit responsible for gaze stabilization. Highlights ► The utricle and its associated circuitry drive a broadband vestibular-ocular reflex ► Linear summation of bilateral utricular signals mediates compensatory eye rotations ► Central vestibular neurons in the tangential nucleus are necessary for the VOR ► Visual and vestibular signals interact to enhance gaze stabilization <ul> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

P10 2B/- SMA Mice Righting Reflex

Supplemental Video 1: Righting reflex of control and Smn2B/- mice at P10. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00652.2018 Hyperexcitability precedes motoneuron loss in the Smn2B/- mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Quinlan KA1*, Reedich E2*, Arnold WD3, Puritz A4, Cavarsan CF1, Heckman CJ5, DiDonato CJ6. *These authors contributed equally to this work.  1 Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, United States. 2 Lurie Childrens/Northwestern Univ., United States. 3 The Ohio State University, United States. 4 Northwestern University, United States. 5 Physiology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, United States. 6 Lurie Children's Hospital, United States.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Typological Database of Intensifiers and Reflexives

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Data From: Clinical evaluation of patterned dried plasma spot cards to support quantification of HIV viral load and reflexive genotyping

This is the data set from all figures and tables from the manuscript "Clinical evaluation of patterned dried plasma spot cards to support quantification of HIV viral load and reflexive genotyping", which is posted to the ChemRxiv preprint server (10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-5bqm7) and currently in consideration for peer-reviewed publication elsewhere.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Are there good ethical reasons why for profit publishers should no longer exist under the conditions of digital infrastructures? And what does this have to do with ethics as a reflexive discipline?

Talk at the <a href="https://www.digital-philosophy.org/">Philosophy [in:of:for:and] Digital Knowledge Infrastructures</a> online workshop (08/09/2022).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Source Data for Published Study "Are changes in nociceptive withdrawal reflex magnitude a viable central sensitization proxy? Implications of a replication attempt"

Upload version NWR_v01_20230409 Authors: Alexandros Guekos, Alince Catrine Grata, Michèle Hubli, Martin Schubert, and Petra Schweinhardt The present data was collected from August to October 2019 as part of a replication attempt of a previously published study (Ellrich, J., and R-D. Treede. "Convergence of nociceptive and non-nociceptive inputs onto spinal reflex pathways to the tibialis anterior muscle in humans." Acta physiologica scandinavica 163.4 (1998): 391-401, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.t01-1-00392.x).  The results of the replication study have been published under open access (Guekos, A., et al. "Are changes in nociceptive withdrawal reflex magnitude a viable central sensitization proxy? Implications of a replication attempt" Clinical Neurophysiology 145 (2023): 139-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2022.09.011). Details of the paradigm, the experimental setup, and the analysis can be found there. In brief, 16 healthy adults (8 men and 8 women) underwent a single experimental session during which a tonic heat stimulus was applied on one leg to the foot sole and on the other to the calf muscle. Both legs were tested consecutively in pseudorandom order. Concurrently, subjects received transcutaneous electrical stimuli to elicit the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR). The muscle responses were recorded via surface electromyography (sEMG) from the biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA). The protocol consisisted of eight blocks per leg. During the first two blocks no temperature stimulation was applied. These two blocks served to identify the NWR threshold at the BF. For threshold determination, a single ascending staircase with either single electrical stimulations or triplets (at 2Hz) were used. From the triplets, only the muscle response to the third stimulation was analysed. The higher of the two obtained currents was used as the threshold. The following six blocks used six different temperatures (one per block) of 32, 36, 39, 42, 45 and 46 centigrade. During each block eight transcutaneous electrical stimuli were applied, either to the medial plantar nerve (MP) on the foot sole or to the retromalleolar pathway of the sural nerve (SU). The stimulations increased from -4 mA w.r.t. threshold to 200% threhold. Participants verbally rated perceived pain for every stimulation during these six blocks. Every electrical stimulation consisted of a train of five rectangular stimuli of 1 ms duration delivered at 200 Hz. Muscle responses were recorded from 120 pre- to 380 ms post-stimulation. The recorded sEMG signals were sampled at 48 kHz and downsampled to 6 kHz, rectified, band-pass filtered from 10 Hz to 500 Hz and amplified up to 125 times. Between 120 ms pre- and 380 ms post-stimulation, traces for all applied stimulations were automatically saved into separate txt files. Please consult the README.txt file for details on the structure of the uploaded data and for information w.r.t. potential instances of incompleteness or unusability. The study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation as part of a grant to PS (grant number 320030_179191/1).

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Copulatory ducts not reflexed outwards at anterior end, openings surrounded by blackish area (b2) in An of Zelotibia (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), a spider genus with a species swarm in the Albertine Rift

Copulatory ducts not reflexed outwards at anterior end, openings surrounded by blackish area (b2)

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2009View details →

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Data from: Cough reflex sensitivity and urge-to-cough deterioration in dementia with Lewy bodies

Cough, an important respiratory symptom, predominantly involves the brainstem, and the urge-to-cough is modulated by the cerebral cortex. Lewy body disease is associated with decreased cough reflex sensitivity and central respiratory chemosensitivity. Additionally, the insula, associated with the urge-to-cough, shows decreased activation and atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We investigated the relationships between cognition and cough reflex and the urge-to-cough and compared the differences in responses of patients with DLB and other dementia subtypes. We conducted a cross-sectional study within a geriatric ward of a university hospital involving elderly patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), DLB, or non-dementia (controls). The cough reflex sensitivities were estimated based on the lowest concentrations of inhaled citric acid that could induce ≥2 coughs (C2) or ≥5 coughs (C5). Subjects were asked to rate the urge-to-cough based on the threshold concentrations (Cu) using the modified Borg scale. C2, C5, and Cu were negatively correlated with cognitive function in female participants but not in males (P<0.01). The cough reflex sensitivity expressed as C2 and C5 were significantly higher in the DLB group than in the AD and control groups (P<0.01 adjusted for gender). The urge-to-cough threshold expressed as Cu was also significantly higher, while the urge-to-cough log–log slope was less responsive with the increasing cough-evoking stimuli in the DLB group than that in the other groups. The cough reflex sensitivity and perceived urge-to-cough deteriorated in the DLB group than in the other groups. This result might be valuable in treating patients with DLB.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

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Data from: Neural pathways of autonomic reflexes in familial autonomic ganglionopathy

Objective: We determined the molecular basis of a new monogenetic recessive disorder that results in familial neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) with impaired sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) activity. Methods: Two adult siblings from one family (I-4, I-5) and an another subject from a second family (II-3) presented with severe nOH, poor compensatory increase in heart rate, small non-reactive pupils and constipation. All three affected members had low norepinephrine levels and diffuse autonomic failure. Results: Whole exome sequencing of DNAs from subjects (I-4, I-5) showed compound heterozygosity for c.907_908delCT (p.L303Dfs*115) /c.688G>A (p.D230N) pathologic variants in the acetylcholine receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha 3 subunit (CHRNA3) gene. The II-3 from the second family was homozygous for the same frameshift(fs) variant (p.L303Dfs*115// p.L303Dfs*115). The CHRNA3 is a subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that regulate SNS and PNS activity through fast synaptic transmission in the autonomic ganglia. The fs variant is obviously pathogenic and the p.D230N variant is predicted to be damaging (SIFT)/probably damaging (PolyPhen2). The p.D230N variant lies on the interface between CHRNA3 and other nAChR subunits based on structural modeling and is predicted to destabilize the nAChR pentameric complex. Conclusions: We report a novel genetic disease that affected three individuals from two unrelated families who presented with nOH and diffuse autonomic failure. These subjects had rare pathologic variants in the CHRNA3 gene that co-segregate with and are predicted to be the likely cause of their SNS and PNS failure.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

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Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners

The ability to navigate "cocktail-party" situations by focussing on sounds of interest over irrelevant, background sounds is often considered in terms of cortical mechanisms. However, subcortical circuits such as the pathway underlying the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex modulate the activity of the inner ear itself, supporting the extraction of salient features from auditory scene prior to any cortical processing. To understand the contribution of auditory subcortical nuclei and the cochlea in complex listening tasks, we made physiological recordings along the auditory pathway while listeners engaged in detecting non(sense)-words in lists of words. Both naturally spoken and intrinsically noisy, vocoded speech—filtering that mimics processing by a cochlear implant—significantly activated the MOC reflex, but this was not the case for speech in background noise, which more engaged midbrain and cortical resources. A model of the initial stages of auditory processing reproduced specific effects of each form of speech degradation, providing a rationale for goal-directed gating of the MOC reflex based on enhancing the representation of the energy envelope of the acoustic waveform. Our data reveals the co-existence of two strategies in the auditory system that may facilitate speech understanding in situations where the signal is either intrinsically degraded or masked by extrinsic acoustic energy. Whereas intrinsically degraded streams recruit the MOC reflex to improve representation of speech cues peripherally, extrinsically masked streams rely more on higher auditory centres to de-noise signals.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Predictive simulation of sit-to-stand based on reflexive-controllers

Data used in the analyses of the paper. There is a file for each single parameter analyzed (hip_angle, ankle _angle , knee _angle , SOL_EMG, TA _EMG, RF_EMG , BF_EMG , VAS_EMG , GAS_EMG , GLU_EMG , seat reaction force, and feet reaction force) and per type (experimental, simulations for 4-phases, and simulations for 2-phases controller). All EMGs are pre-processed and presented as envelopes. Experimental files have 13 subjects, 4-phases controller files have 4 successful STS simulations, and 2-phases controller files have 8 successful STS simulations. All files are length-normalized to 100 samples.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

Reflex Therapy of Temporomandibular Dysfunctions

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07321483. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

Long-term Follow-Up of Patients Who Participated in Study 27025 (REFLEX)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00813709. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 24. Publications: 1.

Benefit of Dual-chamber Pacing With Closed Loop Stimulation (CLS) in Tilt-induced Cardioinhibitory Reflex Syncope

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02324920. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 6. Publications: 2.

Effect of Single-dose Dexmedetomidine on Airway Reflex in Adult With Oral Intubation After Thyroidectomy

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01774305. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

The Role of Aldosterone on Augmented Exercise Pressor Reflex in Hypertension

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01996449. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.