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38 results for “relict population”
Fig. 2 in New records of Austropotamobius pallipes (Decapoda: Astacidae) relict populations from the Ticino River
Fig. 2 - Study area and its location in Lombardy and in the Lombard Park of the Ticino Valley. In green, the locations of the whiteclawed crayfish populations. Populations A and B were discovered in 2021. C is a population already known and reconfirmed after 16 years. In red, the populations (D, F) known until 2005 but not confirmed in the 2021 surveys. In site E, the species was not found. / Area di studio e sua localizzazione in Lombardia e nel Parco Lombardo della Valle del Ticino. Le località dove sono state osservate popolazioni di gambero di fiume sono indicate in verde. Le popolazioni A e B sono state scoperte nel 2021. C'è una popolazione precedentemente nota e la cui presenza è stata riconfermata dopo 16 anni. In rosso sono indicate le popolazioni (D, F) note fino al 2005 ma la cui presenza non è stata confermata nel corso del 2021. Nel sito E la specie non è stata trovata.
Fig. 1 in On The Limit Of Altitudinal Range Shifts - Population Genetics Of Relict Butterfly Populations
Fig. 1. Neighbour-joining tree based on genetic distances (CAVALLI-SFORZA & EDWARDS 1967) performed on five microsatellite loci, representing the analysed populations of Scandinavia, Finland, eastern Europe (Poland, Lithuania, Romania) and the Vosges. Genetic distances are projected on a map. Solid lines display the genetic distance, arrows show the locations of the sampling sites. Data
Fig. 2 in On The Limit Of Altitudinal Range Shifts - Population Genetics Of Relict Butterfly Populations
Fig. 2. Allele frequency distributions of L. helle populations of the Pyrenees and the western low-altitude mountains (Massif Central, Vosges, Ardennes). The colours in the pie charts indicate the distribution of alleles (white: occurring in several mountain areas, black: exclusive to a single mountain area, grey: exclusively occurring in the respective population). Data taken from FINGER et al. (2009)
Data from: Relict stands of Central European oaks: unravelling autochthony and genetic structure based on a multi-population study
<p><span>Central European white oaks expanded rapidly after the last glacial period and reached their current distribution range during the early Holocene. They have been an important resource of timber, fuelwood and animal feed for humans, who actively promoted their presence in forests and other landscape types at least since the early historical times. Besides stands with intensive management, putatively relict populations of three native oak species can be found on unproductive sites with restricted accessibility. Here, we apply chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers in order to address the autochthony of relict and managed stands and compare the spatial distribution of genetic variation between them. Based on data from more than 150 populations, we demonstrate that oak autochthony was preserved throughout historical times which is likely the result of traditional silvicultural treatment. This is supported by the fact that the spatial pattern of chloroplast haplotype distribution still reflects the post-glacial recolonization in both relict and old managed stands. We observed significant admixture of haplotypes only in stands established after the Second World War, which is attributable to the transfer of reproductive material used for afforestation. In terms of nuclear genetic variation, we observed marked differences among species. <em>Quercus</em> <em>pubescens</em> exhibited a pronounced genetic structure. Genetic drift and limited gene flow among its small and isolated populations in our study area might have contributed to this pattern. Varying extent of genetic introgression with other sympatric oak species could offer an additional explanation. On the contrary, the gene pools of <em>Q. petraea </em>and<em> Q. robur</em> are highly homogenous, displaying only weak isolation-by-distance. We found no significant differences of genetic diversity and differentiation between relict and managed stands. This suggests that seed transfer mostly occurred within our study area, even in those stands established in post-war times, verifying previous findings that point out limited human interference. We recommend consideration of population genetic structure for gene conservation, with a finer resolution of gene conservation units needed for <em>Q. pubescens </em>due to its spatial genetic structure. Both relict and old managed stands, species-pure or mixed, are suitable for conservation, as they host autochthonous gene pools. Coppice-with-standard management could contribute to preservation of autochthony. In the face of climate change, it is also important to maintain the evolutionary potential of the stands, by facilitating generative reproduction and allowing for hybridization in mixed stands.</span></p>
Data from: Relict stands of Central European oaks: unravelling autochthony and genetic structure based on a multi-population study
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Data from: Population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in ectomycorrhizal fungi with different dispersal mechanisms: Implications from ice-aged relict forests across the Japanese archipelago
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Comparative population genetics of the federally endangered Relict Darter, and its sister taxon the Clarks Darter (Teleostei: Percidae)
<p><span>The southeastern United States harbors one of the most diverse temperate freshwater fish faunas of the world. Unfortunately, due to improper land use practices and habitat degradation, many of the species in this region are imperiled and may become extinct without appropriate conservation efforts. This study examined the population dynamics of an endangered endemic darter of southwest Kentucky, the Relict Darter (</span><span>Etheostoma chienense</span><span>) and its sister taxon, the undescribed Clarks Darter (</span><span>Etheostoma </span><span>cf. </span><span>oophylax</span><span>). Mitochondrial sequence data coupled with SNP data were used to infer population structure, gene flow, genetic variation, and effective population sizes of both species. The results from this study, based on 160 individuals from nine localities, indicate that the endangered Relict Darter possesses limited genetic variation based on mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (N=4). In addition, SNP data (6.8k markers) further indicates limited genetic structure (K=1), as well as a low effective population size (143-918), suggesting that the Relict Darter can be managed as a single, panmictic conservation unit. It is suggested that conservation efforts be taken to protect remaining habitats, augment the system with artificial spawning substrates, and, as a last resort (if needed), supplement the natural population with captive reared individuals. </span><span>Ethesotoma </span><span>cf. </span><span>oophylax </span><span>showed some genetic variation among distant sites, but more samples are needed throughout the range in order to fully understand the population dynamics of this species.</span></p>
Data from: Biogeography in a continental island: population structure of the relict endemic centipede Craterostigmus tasmanianus (Chilopoda, Craterostigmomorpha) in Tasmania using 16S rRNA and COI
We used 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data to investigate the population structure in the centipede Craterostigmus tasmanianus Pocock, 1902 (Chilopoda: Craterostigmomorpha: Craterostigmidae) and to look for possible barriers to gene flow on the island of Tasmania, where C. tasmanianus is a widespread endemic. We first confirmed a molecular diagnostic character in 28S rRNA separating Tasmanian Craterostigmus from its sister species Craterostigmus crabilli (Edgecombe and Giribet 2008) in New Zealand and found no shared polymorphism in this marker for the 2 species. In Tasmania, analysis of molecular variance analysis showed little variation at the 16S rRNA and COI loci within populations (6% and 13%, respectively), but substantial variation (56% and 48%, respectively) among populations divided geographically into groups. We found no clear evidence of isolation by distance using a Mantel test. Bayesian clustering and gene network analysis both group the C. tasmanianus populations in patterns which are broadly concordant with previously known biogeographical divisions within Tasmania, but we did not find that genetic distance varied in a simple way across cluster boundaries. The coarse-scale geographical sampling on which this study was based should be followed in the future by sampling at a finer spatial scale and to investigate genetic structure within clusters and across cluster boundaries.
Data from: Historical population size change and differentiation of relict populations of the endangered giant kangaroo rat
From a conservation management perspective it is important to understand how genetic diversity is partitioned across a species' range, including (1) identification of evolutionarily distinct units versus those recently isolated through anthropogenic activities and (2) the relative genetic contributions among components of fragmented (meta)populations. To address these questions, we investigated the phylogeography and metapopulation structure among relict populations of the endangered giant kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ingens) in the highly altered San Joaquin Desert Ecosystem. This keystone species underwent a ~97% range reduction over the past century, resulting in a current range that is highly fragmented, with two dominant northern and southern populations occurring 150 km apart. We sequenced >800 bp of mitochondrial DNA and genotyped 17 nuclear microsatellites in >275 D. ingens to assess the evolutionary relationship of these populations as well as the genetic structure within the northern metapopulation. A Bayesian Skyline Plot indicated that the species experienced a demographic expansion toward the end of the Pleistocene, with a recent population decline. Northern and southern D. ingens split 1,857–13,443 years ago, prior to the massive conversion of the San Joaquin Valley to irrigated agriculture. We recommend that the northern and southern populations of D. ingens be re-classified as distinct population segments under the United States Endangered Species Act. We also observed population structure and asymmetrical migration within northern D. ingens where the Tumey Hills acted as a source contributing gene flow to all peripheral populations. This emphasized the importance of this location in the conservation of the metapopulation as a whole.
Data from: Establishment of a coastal fish in the Azores: recent colonisation or sudden expansion of an ancient relict population?
The processes and timescales associated with ocean-wide changes in the distribution of marine species have intrigued biologists since Darwin's earliest insights into biogeography. The Azores, a mid-Atlantic volcanic archipelago located >1000 km off the European continental shelf, offers ideal opportunities to investigate phylogeographic colonisation scenarios. The benthopelagic sparid fish known as the common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) is now relatively common along the coastline of the Azores archipelago, but was virtually absent before the 1990s. We employed a multiple genetic marker approach to test whether the successful establishment of the Azorean population derives from a recent colonisation from western continental/island populations or from the demographic explosion of an ancient relict population. Results from nuclear and mtDNA sequences show that all Atlantic and Mediterranean populations belong to the same phylogroup, though microsatellite data indicate significant genetic divergence between the Azorean sample and all other locations, as well as among Macaronesian, western Iberian and Mediterranean regions. The results from Approximate Bayesian Computation indicate that D. vulgaris has likely inhabited the Azores for ~40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5–83.6) to 52 (95% CI: 6.32–89.0) generations, corresponding to roughly 80–150 years, suggesting near-contemporary colonisation, followed by a more recent demographic expansion that could have been facilitated by changing climate conditions. Moreover, the lack of previous records of this species over the past century, together with the absence of lineage separation and the presence of relatively few private alleles, do not exclude the possibility of an even more recent colonisation event.
Data from: Population clustering and clonal structure evidence the relict state of Ulmus minor Mill. in the Balearic Islands
Field elm (Ulmus minor) is a riparian tree that grows in rare, small populations scattered along temporary watercourses in the Balearic Islands, nowadays mostly covered with Mediterranean vegetation. Agriculture and farming on the fertile land along the periodically flooded plains have reduced the elm populations to sparse tree lines along the creek beds. The presence of field elm in this very anthropic landscape has led some authors to consider it as an introduced species in the Balearics. However, pollen data suggest these elms may be the remains of larger populations experiencing continuous population shrinkage during the Holocene, and hence be native to the isles. In this paper, we apply genetic markers to assess whether field elm is or is not indigenous to the Balearic Islands. We compare the genetic variation in nine nuclear microsatellites of six Balearic populations (three in each of the largest islands, Majorca and Minorca) with that of three natural Iberian populations located in two regions, one geologically (Baetic mountains, SE Iberia) and another historically (Catalonia, NE Iberia) related to the islands. Principal coordinates analysis and Bayesian clustering methods reveal a strong genetic differentiation of the Balearic populations from the Iberian ones, and even among islands, which support their native origin. Genotypic variation in the islands is very low and clonal reproduction is very high compared with the mainland, as it is frequently observed in populations of clonal species where sexual reproduction is limited. We discuss the practical implications of these findings for the conservation of elm genetic resources of these findings.
FIGURE 3. Diaphanosoma excisum female from Totous. A, Habitus. B in Relict populations of Diaphanosoma (Cladocera: Ctenopoda) in the Chadian Sahara, with the description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Diaphanosoma excisum female from Totous. A, Habitus. B, Infolded rim of ventral valve opening. C–D, Adornment of ventral and posterior valve margins. E, Swimming antenna. F, Postabdomen. G, Postero-dorsal spines of valves. H, Sixth trunk limb (P6).
FIGURE 5 in Relict populations of Diaphanosoma (Cladocera: Ctenopoda) in the Chadian Sahara, with the description of a new species
FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs of Diaphanosoma bopingi sp. nov. A, A2 showing short spine on basal segment of exopodite and 'normal' spine on endopodite. B, small spine on exopodite, enlarged. C, Dorsal view of postabdomen (end-claws somewhat distorted) showing four spines on the end-claw, a smooth dorsal plate, and two lateral J-shaped spinulated belts; arrow: slitshaped opening of the belt at its end on the dorsum of the end-claw. D, Enlargement of the former, showing the slit-shaped apex of the spinulated belts, flanking the anus.
FIGURE 4 in Relict populations of Diaphanosoma (Cladocera: Ctenopoda) in the Chadian Sahara, with the description of a new species
FIGURE 4. Diaphanosoma bopingi sp. nov. from Lake Bokou, Ounianga. A, Head and antennae. B, Swimming antenna (square: zone shown on the SEM micrograph of fig 5 A). C, Postabdomen. D, Postero-dorsal spine of valves. E, Anterior half of ventral valve margin with long plumose setae a= anterior, p= posterior). F, Posterior part of ventral valve margin with large spines and filaments. F, Enlarged anterior section of F. H, Trunk limb 6 (P6).
Population dynamics of the glacial relict amphipod Monoporeia affinis in a subarctic lake
<p>Seasonal and interannual (2002–2019) variations in the abundance (ind. m<sup>-2</sup>) and population structure of the glacial relict amphipod <em>Monoporeia affinis</em> in a small subarctic Lake Krivoe (North-West of the Russian Federation) are presented. The study site (66⁰ 20.774′ N and 33⁰ 37.77′ E) was situated in the sublittoral zone at the depth of 8.5 m. Materials were collected from June 2002 to December 2019 mainly during the ice-free period (late May – October) as a rule, 4–5 times a season. <br> In addition, the next data sets used in interpretation of population dynamics are presented:<br> (1) Changes in mean near- bottom (7–8 m) temperature (± range) and mean chlorophyll <em>a</em> (0–7 m) concentration (<em>µ</em>g l<sup>-1</sup>) gat study site during open-water period (May – October) in 2002–2019.<br> (2) Changes in mean annual abundance (ind. m<sup>-2</sup>) of main macrobenthic taxa at study site in 2002–2019.</p>
Distribution. Iran and Israel (reintroduced). The map includes both the native relict population and the reintroduced ones. in Cervidae
Distribution. Iran and Israel (reintroduced). The map includes both the native relict population and the reintroduced ones.
Figure 2 in An isolated crested newt population in Dutch coastal dunes: distribution relict or introduction?
Figure 2. Bayesian phylogeny based on all ND4 mtDNA haplotypes of the northern crested newt Triturus cristatus. The outgroup is not shown. The scale bar shows the expected changes per site. The partitioning into three main clades is based on Wielstra et al. (2015). Haplotypes in blue are (also) present in the Netherlands. See supplementary table S1 for details.
Figure 1 in An isolated crested newt population in Dutch coastal dunes: distribution relict or introduction?
Figure 1. Sampled localities for the northern crested newt Triturus cristatus. The inset shows localities in the Netherlands, coloured based on ND4 mtDNA haplotype. Arrows highlight populations discussed in the text: 1) Meijendel and Westduinpark; 2) Krimpen aan den IJssel and Oudeland; 3) Norg; and 4) Breda. A rough outline of the natural distribution range in the Netherlands is shaded grey. See supplementary table S1 for details. The main map shows haplotype distribution in the rest of Europe and particularly focusses on those haplotypes also present in the Netherlands (see text for details).
Data from: Evidence of low within-pair genetic relatedness in a relict population of Thorn-tailed Rayadito despite long-term isolation
<p>Investigating whether mating patterns are biased in relation to kinship in isolated populations can provide a better understanding of the occurrence of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in wild populations. Here we report on the genetic relatedness (<em>r</em>) among breeding pairs in a relict population of Thorn-tailed Rayadito (<em>Aphrastura spinicauda</em>) in north-central Chile that has experienced a long-term history of isolation. We used simulations based on eight years of data to assess whether mating is random with respect to relatedness. We found that mean and median population values of pair relatedness tended to be lower than randomly generated values, suggesting that mating is not random with respect to kinship. We hypothesize that female-biased dispersal is the main mechanism reducing the likelihood of mating among kin, and that the proportion of related pairs (i.e., <em>r </em>> 0.125) in the study population (25%) would presumably be higher in the absence of sex-biased dispersal. The occurrence of other mechanisms such as extra-pair copulations, delayed breeding and active inbreeding avoidance through kin discrimination cannot be dismissed and require further study.</p>
Population dynamics of the glacial relict amphipod Monoporeia affinis in a subarctic lake
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