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2,914 results for “replacement”
Hormone Replacement Therapy Social Media Claims
<p>The claims made in social media posts about hormone replacement therapy, the tpye of person/organisation posting these claims, whether the claims agree with NICE/BNF guidance and whether the person/organisation posting these claims has a conflict of interest. Full unredacted dataset available on request to: <a href="mailto:mm494@st-andrews.ac.uk">mm494@st-andrews.ac.uk</a></p>
Can the botanical azadirachtin replace phased-out soil insecticides in suppressing the soil insect pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ?
<p><strong>Can the botanical <em>azadirachtin</em> replace phased-out soil insecticides in suppressing the soil insect pest <em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera </em>?</strong></p> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Due to recent bans on the use of several soil insecticides and insecticidal seed coatings, soil-dwelling insect pests are increasingly difficult to manage. One example is the western corn rootworm (<em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em>, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a serious root-feeder of maize (<em>Zea mays</em>). We investigated whether the less problematic botanical <em>azadirachtin</em>, widely used against above-ground insects, could become an option for the control of this soil insect pest.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Artificial diet-based bioassays were implemented under standard laboratory conditions to establish lethal dose curves for the pest larvae. Then, potted-plant experiments were implemented in greenhouse to assess feasibility and efficacy of a novel granular formulation of <em>azadirachtin </em>under more natural conditions and in relation to standard insecticides.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Bioassays in three repetitions revealed a 3-day LD<sub>50</sub> of 22.3 µg <em>azadirachtin</em> per ml which corresponded to 0.45 µg per neonate of <em>D. v. virgifera </em>and a 5-day LD<sub>50</sub> of 19.3 µg per ml or 0.39 µg per first to second instar larva. No sublethal effects were observed. The three greenhouse experiments revealed that the currently proposed standard dose of a granular formulation of 38 g<em> azadirachtin </em>per hectare for in-furrow application at sowing is not enough to control <em>D. v. virgifera </em>or to prevent root damage. At 10x standard-dose total pest control was achieved as well as the prevention of most root damage. This was better than the efficacy achieved by <em>cypermethrin</em>-based granules and comparable to <em>tefluthrin</em>- granules, or <em>thiamethoxam</em> seed coatings. The ED<sub>50</sub> for suppressing larval populations were estimated at 92 g <em>azadirachtin</em> per ha, for preventing heavy root damage 52 g /ha and for preventing general root damage 220 g /ha.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>There seems clear potential for the development of neem-based botanical soil insecticides for arable crops such as maize. They might become, if doses are increased and more soil insecticides phased out, a promising, safer solution as part of the integrated pest management toolkit against soil insects.</p>
Data and Code for "Why are generalists the 'winners' of habitat loss? Unveiling the process underlying specialist-generalist replacements in fragmented landscapes"
<p><span>Data and R-based workflow for the study "Why are generalists the ‘winners’ of habitat loss? Unveiling the process underlying specialist-generalist replacements in fragmented landscapes".</span></p>
Snag-fall patterns following stand-replacing fire vary with stem characteristics and topography in subalpine forests of Greater Yellowstone
We assessed the stem- and landscape-level drivers of snag persistence and snag-fall mode within the area burned as stand-replacing fire in the 1988 Yellowstone Fires in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Snags were sampled 14-15 years postfire (n = 131) and again in a separate set of plots 34 years postfire (n = 55). Stem characteristics such as species identity (e.g., lodgepole pine, whitebark pine, Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, and Douglas-fir), diameter at breast height, whether the tree was alive or dead at the time of fire, and the mode of snag-fall (snapping or uprooting) were measured and used to explain patterns of snag persistence and modes of snag-fall. In addition, plot-level environmental variables (e.g., slope, aspect, elevation, stand density) were measured and related to the proportion of stems still standing as snags at 14-15 and 34 years postfire. Data collection is complete and is part of a forthcoming manuscript in revision at Forest Ecology and Management.
Data for: Sparse subalpine forest recovery pathways, plant communities, and carbon stocks 34 years after stand-replacing fire (Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA; 2022)
We assessed postfire forest recovery pathways, stem densities, understory plant communities, and carbon stocks across 55 plots in areas exhibiting sparse and reduced forest recovery 34 years after the 1988 Yellowstone Fires in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. Recovery pathways were identified using plot-level frequency distributions of tree ages and correlated with potentially important biotic and abiotic variables (e.g., elevation, seed source distance). Species- and age-specific stem densities were similarly regressed across environmental factors to determine variability in forest recovery across the sampled landscape. Understory plant communities were sampled in 0.25m-square quadrats and environmental drivers of individual species occurrence and whole compositional shifts were determined. Finally, carbon stock sizes were derived from field measures of tree characteristics, understory cover, and soil combined with regionally derived allometric equations. Data collection is complete and is part of a forthcoming manuscript at Ecological Monographs.
DEPRECATED - replaced by https://zenodo.org/record/161719
<p> </p> <p>DEPRECATED - data linkages incorrect. Please see:</p> <p><br> https://zenodo.org/record/161719</p>
DEPRECATED - replaced by https://zenodo.org/record/161719
<p>DEPRECATED - data linkages incorrect. Please see:<br> <br> https://zenodo.org/record/161719</p>
FIGURES 1 – 3. Mooreia spp., adults. 1, M in A replacement name for Flavala Behounek, Han & Kononenko, 2012 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Pantheinae)
FIGURES 1 – 3. Mooreia spp., adults. 1, M. flavala, holotype; 2, M. crypta, holotype; 3, M. secunda, holotype.
Figs 1-6. Male genitalia. 1, 2 in Proctorenyxidae Nom. N. And Proctorenyxa Nom. N., A New Replacement Names For Renyxidae Kozlov And Renyxa Kozlov (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea)
Figs 1-6. Male genitalia. 1, 2) Helcystogramma flavilineolella sp.n.: 1) lateral aspect, 2) sacculus, vinculum and saccus, ventral aspect; 3, 4) H. claripunctella sp. n.: 3) lateral aspect, 4) sacculus, vinculum and saccus, ventral aspect; 5, 6) H. ineruditum: 5) lateral aspect, 6) sacculus, vinculum and saccus, ventral aspect.
Activity cliffs with dual-atom replacements and single-atom analogs
<p>From the ChEMBL database, 852 activity cliffs (ACs) with dual-atom replacements were extracted which were formed by compounds with high-confidence activity data. Each AC captured an at least 10-fold difference in compound potency. For a subset of these ACs, analogs with corresponding single-atom replacements were identified. The dual-atom ACs and available single-atom replacement analogs were provided (SMILES representation and ChEMBL compound ID). For each AC compound and analog, targets from ChEMBL are reported (with UniProt ID). The target shared by all associated compounds represents the primary AC target </p>
Fig. 6 in Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. (Trematoda: Panopistidae), a Replacement for Glaphyrostomum soricis Found from Long-Clawed Shrews in Hokkaido, Japan, with New Data on its Intermediate Hosts
Fig. 6. The egg of Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. in the gravid adult. The left end is an operculum. An arrow indicates the notch of eggshell. A miracidium is visible inside. Scale bar 10 µm.
Fig. 4 in Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. (Trematoda: Panopistidae), a Replacement for Glaphyrostomum soricis Found from Long-Clawed Shrews in Hokkaido, Japan, with New Data on its Intermediate Hosts
Fig. 4. The cercaria and metacercaria of Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. from Ainohelix editha. Both of the drawings are in ventral view. A) Cercaria. Scale bar 100 µm; B) Metacercaria. Scale bar 500 µm.
Fig. 1 in Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. (Trematoda: Panopistidae), a Replacement for Glaphyrostomum soricis Found from Long-Clawed Shrews in Hokkaido, Japan, with New Data on its Intermediate Hosts
Fig. 1. Frequencies of cox1 haplotypes and their statistical parsimony network in Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. All of the twelve isolates were collected in Asahikawa. The size of circles indicates the frequency of the haplotypes. Small circles show hypothetical haplotypes. The shaded circle represents the hypothetical ancestor.
Fig. 5 in Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. (Trematoda: Panopistidae), a Replacement for Glaphyrostomum soricis Found from Long-Clawed Shrews in Hokkaido, Japan, with New Data on its Intermediate Hosts
Fig. 5. The adult of Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. from Sorex unguiculatus. The drawing is in ventral view. The large suckers, M-shaped configuration of uterus, and terminally-positioned genital pore are characteristic of the genus. Scale bar 500 µm.
Serial Isomorphous Replacement Data -Pilatus3 2M raw images and meta data
<p>Diffraction data collected from the ESRF ID23-EH2 microfocus beamline for the purpose of single isomorphous replacement phasing. These are raw CBF images from a pilatus3 2M detector. The "process" sub directory and CBF headers contain meta data about the experimental setup. Data were collected with the Mesh and Collect workflow and contain partial datasets of ~10 degrees with 0.1 degree oscillations (more detail in the meta data files). </p>
Text-fig. 3. Litho- and biostratigraphic position of fossil floras treated herein, based on lithostratigraphic standard section of upper Oligocene and Miocene in central and eastern Germany (Standke et al. 2010, Escher et al. 2020); only exception from standard section: ** – Thierbach Member restricted to central Germany, replaces Branitz Member in eastern Germany; correlated to global scale of International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2022/02 (Cohen et al. 2013); maximum age ranges of sites/floras indicated by black bars; floristic complexes according to definitions by Mai and Walther 1991 for upper Oligocene, Mai 2000b, 2001b for Miocene; age range of MCO from Steinthorsdottir et al. 2021. in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)
Text-fig. 3. Litho- and biostratigraphic position of fossil floras treated herein, based on lithostratigraphic standard section of upper Oligocene and Miocene in central and eastern Germany (Standke et al. 2010, Escher et al. 2020); only exception from standard section: ** – Thierbach Member restricted to central Germany, replaces Branitz Member in eastern Germany; correlated to global scale of International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2022/02 (Cohen et al. 2013); maximum age ranges of sites/floras indicated by black bars; floristic complexes according to definitions by Mai and Walther 1991 for upper Oligocene, Mai 2000b, 2001b for Miocene; age range of MCO from Steinthorsdottir et al. 2021.
Figure 3 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 3. Aboveground biomass (g m−2) across densities (plants m−2) for maize and Setorio foberi. Vertical arrows indicate the maize (black numbers) and S. foberi (gray numbers) densities at which S. foberi reaches inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass. Horizontal arrows indicate S. foberi biomass at inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass.
Figure 4 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 4. Relative biomass of Amoronthus hybridus:maize replacement series from experiment 1 (left) and experiment 2 (right) with densities based in inflection point (A and B), maximum biomass (C and D), and equal N uptake (E and F). Black circles represent maize relative biomass,white circles represent A. hybridus relative biomass,and gray diamonds represent relative yield total biomass (RYT). Dotted line represents a relative biomass of 1 for all the proportions. The points and error bars represent data means and standard errors.
Figure 2 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 2. Aboveground biomass (g m−2) across densities (plants m−2) for maize and Amoronthus hybridus. Vertical arrows indicate the maize (black numbers) and A. hybridus (gray numbers) densities at which A. hybridus reaches inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass. Horizontal arrows indicate A. hybridus biomass at the inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass.
Figure 1 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 1. Theoretical relationship between relative biomass and plant density ratios of (A) two species of the same size and (B) two species with species 1 being larger than species 2. Dashed lines represent the regression lines for both species, and solid lines represent theoretical line of parity (1:1) between species.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.