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140 results for “reproductive ecology”
Data and R code for “Individual-level variation in reproductive effort in chestnut oak (Quercus montana Willd.) and black oak (Q. velutina Lam.)”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Masting is a population-level reproductive strategy, where individuals synchronize large but intermittent seed production. Despite the high degree of synchrony at the population level, there can be considerable variation in reproduction among individuals (intraspecific variation). Here, we use 18 years of acorn production data from individual chestnut oak and black oak from control and thinned stands, to understand what factors influence individual differences in reproductive effort and variability. We included a variety of tree-level measurements, environmental characteristics, and measurements from tree cores to determine if certain characteristics were associated variations in reproduction. We considered both mean annual acorn production per m2 crown and interannual variation in acorn production (CV) as response variables. We also classified individuals as super producers (i.e., those that consistently produce more acorns than others), good, fair and poor producers (i.e., those that consistently produce less or have a higher number of failure years). In chestnut oak, 14% of the individuals were classified as super producers and contributed 34% of the total acorns, while poor producers made up 35% of the trees and contributed only 16% to total acorn production. In black oak, super producers (14% of the individuals) contributed 31% of total acorns and poor producers (24% of the individuals) contributed only 9% of the acorns. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was the most consistent variable for explaining intraspecific variation in reproductive effort and variability (i.e., larger individuals had higher mean acorn production for both chestnut oak and black oak, and lower CV for black oak). Other variables that influenced reproduction and variation included elevation and clay content for chestnut oak, and slope for black oak. We found no significant effect from the thinning treatment on acorn production. Our results illustrate how tree-level and environmental characte
Figure 2 in Reproductive ecology of a Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 2. Typical habitats used by the frogs, and spatial locations of the hibernation (closed circles) and spawning (open circles) ponds in the study plot (100 × 55 m). Sizes of the circles represent pond area.
Figure 3 in Ecological and reproductive parameters of the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus spp. (Heller, 1862) on the southern coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: potential use of less sampling effort
Figure 3. Principal component analysis (PCA) for Xiphopenaeus spp. abundance and environmental variables in Anchieta region. The samples were collected between February/2013 and February/2015. Ab: Abundance; Gr: Granulometry; O.M: Organic Matter; Sal: Salinity: Temp: Temperature.
Figure 2 in Ecological and reproductive parameters of the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus spp. (Heller, 1862) on the southern coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: potential use of less sampling effort
Figure 2. Boxplot of Xiphopenaeus spp. abundance at each collection point = transects, (A) and season (B) between February/2013 and February/2015. p1: Point 1; p2: Point 2; p3: Point 3. *Statistically significant difference.
Figure 6 in Ecological and reproductive parameters of the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus spp. (Heller, 1862) on the southern coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: potential use of less sampling effort
Figure 6. Percentage values of gonadal development stages of Xiphopenaeus spp. at sampling points = transects, (A and B) and sampling period (C and D). Males (A and C) and females (B and D). Immature (IM), rudimentary (RU), developing (ED) and developed (DE) at each sampling point from February/2013 to February/2015. P1: Point 1, P2: Point 2, P3: Point 3.
Figure 1 in Ecological and reproductive parameters of the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus spp. (Heller, 1862) on the southern coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: potential use of less sampling effort
Figure 1. Map of Brazil highlighting the state of Espírito Santo and the fishing port of Anchieta, indicating the sampling points of the seabob shrimp. (P1 = Point 1: 2m; P2 = Point 2: 5m; P3 = Point 3: 10m; blue line = Benevente River).
Figure 5 in Ecological and reproductive parameters of the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus spp. (Heller, 1862) on the southern coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: potential use of less sampling effort
Figure 5. Frequency of the carapace size of the Xiphopenaeus spp. shrimp collected from February/2013 to February/2015. M: Male, F: Female, J: Juvenile. The dashed line indicates the LC50 as reference.
Figure 4 in Ecological and reproductive parameters of the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus spp. (Heller, 1862) on the southern coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: potential use of less sampling effort
Figure 4. Carapace length (LC) of males (A) and females (B) upon reaching sexual maturity estimated by logistic regression based on the absence (0) or presence (1) of specific morphological sexual characters plotted as a function of carapace length (mm) of Xiphopenaeus spp. in Anchieta, southern coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil (LC50 = Length that 50% of individuals reach in adult size).
Data and JAGS-code for "Michel et al 2022 Ecology and Evolution - Reduced habitat quality increases intrinsic but not ecological costs of reproduction"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Although the costs of reproduction are predicted to vary with the quality of the breeding habitat thereby affecting population dynamics and life-history trade-offs, empirical evidence for this pattern remains sparse and equivocal. Costs of reproduction can operate through immediate ecological mechanisms or through delayed intrinsic mechanisms. Ignoring these separate pathways might hinder the identification of costs and the understanding of their consequences. We experimentally investigated the survival costs of reproduction for adult little owls (<em>Athene noctua</em>) within a gradient of habitat quality. We supplemented food to nestlings, thereby relieving the parents’ effort for brood provisioning. We used radio-tracking and Bayesian multi-state modelling based on marked recapture and dead recovery to estimate survival rates of adult little owls across the year as a function of food supplementation and habitat characteristics. Food supplementation to nestlings during the breeding season increased parental survival not only during the breeding season but also during the rest of the year. Thus, the low survival of parents of unfed broods likely represents both, strong ecological and strong intrinsic costs of reproduction. However, while immediate ecological costs occurred also in high quality habitats, intrinsic costs carrying over to the post-breeding period occurred only in low quality habitats. Our results suggest that immediate costs resulting from ecological mechanisms such as predation, are high also in territories of high habitat quality. Long-term costs resulting from intrinsic trade-offs, however, are only paid in low quality habitats. Consequently, differential effects of habitat quality on immediate ecological and delayed intrinsic mechanisms can mask the increase of costs of reproduction in low quality breeding habitats. Intrinsic costs may represent an underrated mechanism of habitat quality affecting adult survival rate thereby considerably accelerating population decline in degrading habitats. This study therefore highlights the need for a long-term perspective to fully assess the costs of reproduction and the role of habitat quality in modifying these costs.</p>
Data from: What ecological factors favor parthenogenesis over sexual reproduction? A study on the facultatively parthenogenetic mayfly Alainites muticus in natural populations
<p>Different reproductive modes are characterized by costs and benefits which depend on ecological contexts. For example, sex can provide benefits under complex biotic interactions, while its costs increase under mate limitation. Furthermore, ecological contexts often vary along abiotic gradients. Here, we study how these factors simultaneously influence the frequency of sex in the facultatively parthenogenetic mayfly Alainites muticus . We first verified that parthenogenesis translates into female-biased population sex ratios. We then measured the density of individuals (a proxy for mate limitation) and community diversity (biotic interaction complexity) for 159 A. muticus populations covering a broad altitudinal gradient and used structural equation modeling to investigate their direct and indirect influences on sex ratios. We found no effect of community diversity or altitude on sex ratios. Furthermore, even when females can reproduce parthenogenetically, they generally reproduce sexually, indicating that the benefits of sex exceed its costs in most situations. Sex ratios only become female-biased under low population densities, as expected if mate limitation was the main factor selecting for parthenogenesis. Mate limitation might be widespread in mayflies because of their short adult lifespan and limited dispersal, which can generate strong selection for reproductive assurance and may provide a stepping-stone towards obligate parthenogenesis.</p>
Fig. 3 in Influence of a large dam and importance of an undammed tributary on the reproductive ecology of the threatened fish matrinxã Brycon orthotaenia Günther, 1864 (Characiformes: Bryconidae) in southeastern Brazil
Fig. 3. Histological sections of Brycon orthotaenia testis stained with Hematoxilin-eosin: (a) resting stage with seminiferous tubules cointaining only spermatogonia (S), (b)(c) maturing/mature with seminiferous tubules full of spermatozoa (Z) in acidophilic secretion (arrows) and (d) spent testis with few spermatozoa (Z) in the lumen (L) in acidophilic secretion (arrow). Bar = (a) 30 µm, (b), (d) 70 µm, (c) 80 µm.
Fig. 1 in Influence of a large dam and importance of an undammed tributary on the reproductive ecology of the threatened fish matrinxã Brycon orthotaenia Günther, 1864 (Characiformes: Bryconidae) in southeastern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the study sites of the upper rio São Francisco, downstream from the Três Marias Dam, Minas Gerais State (MG), Brazil. Site 1, immediately downstream from the Três Marias Dam and site 2, below the confluence with the rio Abaeté.
Fig. 6 in Feeding and reproductive ecology of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 within its native range, Lajeado reservoir, rio Tocantins basin
Fig. 6. Temporal variation in body condition and fat storage for immature (a and c respectively) and adult fish (b and d respectively of Cichla piquiti). These figures show adjusted means ±SE derived from an Analysis of Covariance (see Table 4).
Fig. 5 in Feeding and reproductive ecology of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 within its native range, Lajeado reservoir, rio Tocantins basin
Fig. 5. Variation in reproductive effort of Cichla piquiti over time (mean ±SE), measured as the gonad-somatic index (GSI, %) calculated separately for males and females.
Fig. 4 in Feeding and reproductive ecology of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 within its native range, Lajeado reservoir, rio Tocantins basin
Fig. 4. Reproductive activity of Cichla piquiti, measured as the percentage of individuals in different reproductive phases within periods. Numbers above bars indicate sample size.
Fig. 2 in Feeding and reproductive ecology of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 within its native range, Lajeado reservoir, rio Tocantins basin
Fig. 2. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) applied to investigate variation in the diet of Cichla piquiti according to periods, sex (m = males; f = females) and maturity (I = immature; A = adult).
Fig. 1 in Feeding and reproductive ecology of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 within its native range, Lajeado reservoir, rio Tocantins basin
Fig. 1. Resource accumulation curves controlled by the number of stomachs of Cichla piquiti analyzed, considering all fish (a), sexes (b), maturity (c) and season (d). Sample size was reduced to 67 stomachs because this analysis considered only resources identified at some independent level, removing unidentified or combined items.
Figure 5 in Suborders Acotylea and Cotylea (Polycladida): Study on morphological, ecological and reproductive features of some representative species from Tunisian coasts (Mediterranean)
Figure 5. Hatched juveniles and larvae in polyclads A: A twelve eyed juvenile of Leptoplana mediterranea, scale bar: 0.05 mm B: Götte's larva of Imogine mediterranea: lateral view, scale bar: 0.03 mm C: Müller's larva of Prosthiostomum siphunculus: lateral view, scale bar: 0.03 mm D: Müller's larva of Prosthiostomum siphunculus: apical view showing the three eyes (arrowheads), scale bar: 0.03 mm.
Figure 4 in Suborders Acotylea and Cotylea (Polycladida): Study on morphological, ecological and reproductive features of some representative species from Tunisian coasts (Mediterranean)
Figure 4. Copulatory apparatus in Discocelis tigrina. A: ventral view showing by transparency the ruffled pharynx (ph), the two uteri (ut), the two vasa deferentia, the common gonopore (cg), the common atrium (ca), the prostatoid organs (po) and the Lang's vesicle (Lv), scale bar: 0.5 mm. B: Section through common copulatory com; mon atrium (ca) showing prostatoid organs (po), vagina (v), uterus (ut) and vas deferens (vd) scale bar: 0.1 mm C: Diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus. common gonopore (cg), common atrium (ca), ejaculatory duct (ed), Lang's vesicle (Lv), Penis (p) and prostatoid organs (po), scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 2 in Suborders Acotylea and Cotylea (Polycladida): Study on morphological, ecological and reproductive features of some representative species from Tunisian coasts (Mediterranean)
Figure 2. Organs of attachment in Polyclads. A: ventral corrugated surface (cs) located between two genital pores of Echinoplana celerrima, scale bar: 0.2 mm. B: Genital pit (gp) in the acotylean Leptoplana mediterranea. This structure is located between the two genital pores. The two vasa deferentia (vd) unite in a common vas deferens (cvd) before entering the seminal vesicle (sv), scale bar: 0.2 mm. C. Ventral view of Prosthiostomum siphunculus showing a developed true sucker (ts) and a tubular pharynx (ph), scale bar: 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.