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85 results for “reproductive hormones”
Reproductive hormones mediate changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation in Phayre's leaf monkeys
Studies in multiple host species have shown that gut microbial diversity and composition change during pregnancy and lactation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these shifts are not well understood. Here, we use longitudinal data from wild Phayre's leaf monkeys to test the hypothesis that fluctuations in reproductive hormone concentrations contribute to gut microbial shifts during pregnancy. We described the microbial taxonomic composition of 91 fecal samples from 15 females (n=16 cycling, n=36 pregnant, n=39 lactating) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and assessed whether the resulting data were better explained by overall reproductive stage or by fecal estrogen (fE) and progesterone (fP) concentrations. Our results indicate that while overall reproductive stage affected gut microbiome composition, the observed patterns were driven by reproductive hormones. Females had lower gut microbial diversity during pregnancy and fP concentration was negatively correlated with diversity. Additionally, fP concentration predicted both unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances, while reproductive state only predicted unweighted UniFrac distances. Seasonality (rainfall and periods of phytoprogestin consumption) additionally influenced gut microbial diversity and composition. Our results indicate that reproductive hormones, specifically progestagens, contribute to the shifts in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation.
Figure 3 in Intragonadal evaluation of sexual steroid hormones during three reproductive events in two species of Peromyscus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Figure 3. Fluctuations of each intraovarian [SSH] in the ∆4 pathway throughout three reproductive events in two species of Peromyscus. Mean concentrations of sexual steroid hormones, [SSH], were obtained from estrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation in free-living, adult females of P. melanotis (A) and P. difficilis (B). Symbology as in Fig. 2. Note that scales differ; complete ANOVA information is available in Table S2.
Figure 1 in Intragonadal evaluation of sexual steroid hormones during three reproductive events in two species of Peromyscus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Figure 1. Intraovarian contents of selected ∆ 4 pathway's SSH in two Peromyscus species. Sexual steroid hormones (SSH: progesterone, P4; androstenedione, A; testosterone, T; estradiol, E2) were obtained from free-living, adult females of P. melanotis (A) and P. difficilis (B), during a complete estrous cycle (CEC: proestrus to diestrus), and after ovulation (vertical arrows) followed by fecundation in a successful estrous cycle (SEC: proestrus, estrus + early gestation 1 and late gestation 2 + overall lactation); note that proestrus and estrus data from CEC are duplicated in SEC). The oogenetic and anabolic/ catabolic phases of the ovarian cycle are also depicted (see Table 1).
Figure 5 in Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae)
Figure 5. Photomicrographs of annual changes in C. versicolor. Top left, testes; top right, male SSK; bottom left, ovaries; bottom right, granulosa layers (GL). Notes: SZ, spermatozoa; ST, seminiferous tubules; SSK, sexual segments of kidney; AF, atretic follicle; PF, previtellogenic follicle; VF, vitellogenic follicle; P, pyriform cells; S, small cells; CL, corpus luteum.
Figure 6 in Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae)
Figure 6. Annual profiles (mean ± SEM) of testosterone levels and testicular masses (a) C. emma; (b) C. versicolor. Notes: Jan– Dec denotes January to December. The numbers (in parentheses) represent the number of analyzed samples in each month.
Figure 3 in Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae)
Figure 3. Schematics of seasonal changes in ovarian size. Top, C. emma; bottom, C. versicolor. Notes: OvaF, ovarian follicles; OviE, oviductal eggs; Ovi, oviduct. All scale bars equals 5 mm. Jan–Nov denotes from January to November.
Figure 2 in Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae)
Figure 2. Schematics of annual changes in testicular size. Top; C. emma; bottom, C. versicolor. Notes: T, testis; Vd, vas deferens; K, kidney. Jan–Dec denotes from January to December. All scale bars equal 5 mm.
Figure 4 in Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae)
Figure 4. Photomicrographs of annual changes in C. emma. Top left, testes; top right, male SSK; bottom left, ovaries; bottom right, granulosa layers (GL). Notes: SZ, spermatozoa; ST, seminiferous tubules; SSK, sexual segments of kidney; AF, atretic follicle; PF, previtellogenic follicle; VF, vitellogenic follicle; P, pyriform cells; S, small cells.
Figure 1 in Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae)
Figure 1. External morphologies of the representatives of 2 Calotes species. Top, C. versicolor: A, no patch of granular scales in front of forelimb insertion; bottom left, C. emma: B, crescent-shaped patch of small granular scales in front of forelimb insertion, and C, large postorbital spine present. Bottom middle, dissections of urogenital morphology of male Calotes: T, testis; Vd, vas deferens; K, kidney; bottom right, female Calotes: OvaF, ovarian follicles; OviE, oviductal eggs. Lines were drawn from a total preparation (in ventral view).
Figure 7 in Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae)
Figure 7. Changes in the plasma levels of estradiol and the diameter of the largest follicle: (a) C. emma; (b) C. versicolor. Notes: QU, quiescent; EV, early vitellogenic; LV, late vitellogenic; EG, early gestation; MG, mid-gestation; LG, late gestation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The differences in superscript alphabets (estradiol levels) and in the numbers of asterisks (diameters of the largest follicles) indicate the significant differences between the various follicular sizes at P <0.01. The number (in parentheses) represents the analyzed samples in each month.
Figure 3 in Seasonal hormones, female reproductive tract changes, and some field observations on breeding activities of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) from its native range of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan
Figure 3. Light microscopic (hematoxylin and eosin stained) sections (40×) of the ovaries of female small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) from the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan: A) showing 3 Graafian follicles indicative of the state of preovulation during February 2013; B) events of early gestation period during March 2013, corpus luteum of moderate size and reddish yellow, antrum being a bit convoluted in structure rather than being complete; C) events of late gestation period during April 2013, whereby corpora lutea are seen as the most prominent structures; D) showing lactation phase of the species with no corpora lutea or ripe follicles during June 2013. (*P.F.: primary follicle; S.F.: secondary follicle; C.L.: corpus luteum; G.F.: Graafian follicle; Pr. F.: primordial follicle).
Figure 4. A in Seasonal hormones, female reproductive tract changes, and some field observations on breeding activities of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) from its native range of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan
Figure 4. A) Foot prints of small Indian mongoose established around its burrow, B) Especially designed mesh trap for live capturing of the species, C) Placental Scars, D) Developing embryos inside the uteri of female mongoose exposed after dissection, E) A vigilant mongoose, F) Small Indian mongoose and her pups caught in a live trap
Figure 2 in Seasonal hormones, female reproductive tract changes, and some field observations on breeding activities of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) from its native range of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan
Figure 2. Levels (mIU/mL) of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in plasma samples of small Indian mongoose females (Herpestes javanicus) trapped on the Potohar Plateau. LH levels show 2 peaks (1 in September 2012 and 1 in March 2013).
Feather growth rate and hormone deposition vary with elevation but not reproductive costs in resident Mountain Chickadees
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Reproductive hormones mediate changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation in Phayre’s leaf monkeys
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Data from: The effects of food supply on reproductive hormones and timing of reproduction in an income-breeding seabird
<p class="CxSpFirst">Current food supply is a major driver of timing of breeding in income-breeding animals, likely because increased net energy balance directly increases reproductive hormones and advances breeding. In capital breeders, increased net energy balance increases energy reserves, which eventually leads to improved reproductive readiness and earlier breeding. To test the hypothesis that phenology of income-breeding birds is independent of energy reserves, we conducted an experiment on food-supplemented ("fed") and control female black-legged kittiwakes (<em>Rissa tridactyla</em>). We temporarily increased energy costs (via weight handicap) in a 2 × 2 design (fed/unfed; handicapped/unhandicapped) during the pre-laying period and observed movement via GPS-accelerometry. We measured body mass, baseline hormones (corticosterone; luteinising hormone) before and after handicap manipulation, and conducted a gonadotropin-releasing hormone challenge. Females from all treatment groups foraged in similar areas, implying that individuals could adjust time spent foraging, but had low flexibility to adjust foraging distance. Consistent with the idea that income breeders do not accumulate reserves in response to increased food supply, fed birds remained within an energy ceiling by reducing time foraging instead of increasing energy reserves. Moreover, body mass remained constant until the onset of follicle development 20 days prior to laying regardless of feeding or handicap, implying that females were using a 'lean and fit' approach to body mass rather than accumulating lipid reserves for breeding. Increased food supply advanced endocrine and laying phenology and altered interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, but higher energy costs (handicap) had little effect. Consistent with our hypothesis, increased food supply (but not net energy balance) advanced endocrine and laying phenology in income-breeding birds without any impact on energy reserves.</p>
Dynamic Crosstalk Between Female Gonadal Hormones and Vaginal Microbiota Across Various Reproductive Phases
<p>Vaginal samples for 16S rRNA sequencing are collected from 150 healthy women across five reproductive phases: follicular phase, luteal phase, early pregnancy, lactation, and menopause, with 30 samples per group.</p>
Reproductive Hormonal Alterations in Obesity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01457703. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
The Effects of Reproductive Hormones on Mood and Behavior
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00001322. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Investigation of Female Reproductive Hormone Dynamics During Adolescence
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02486757. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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