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25 results for “resource use efficiency”
Asymmetric responses of resource use efficiency to previous-year precipitation in a semi-arid grassland
<p>1. Intensified inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation could profoundly impact terrestrial ecosystems. However, how changes previous-year precipitation influence current ecosystem functioning (e.g., resource use efficiency) in semi-arid regions remains unclear.</p> <p>2. In this study, water use efficiency (WUE) and light use efficiency (LUE) were investigated in a multi-year precipitation gradient experiment with seven treatment levels: 20%, 40% and 60% decreases and 20%, 40% and 60% increases in the amount of natural rainfall plus ambient precipitation. Plots receiving 60% less precipitation were representative of extreme dry years whereas the other treatment levels fell within the normal year-to-year range in precipitation change. Measurements made in both the post-treatment period (2013-2015) and the treatment period (2010-2012) provided an opportunity to quantify the legacy effects of precipitation on resource use efficiency (RUE).</p> <p>3. Sensitivities of LUE to previous-year precipitation were not changed among treatments in 2013. However, asymmetric responses of RUEs (i.e., WUE and LUE) to previous-year precipitation were found in 2014-2015. WUE<sub>2014</sub>, WUE<sub>2015</sub>, LUE<sub>2014</sub>, and LUE<sub>2015</sub> responded more strongly to previous normal decreased than increased precipitation. Importantly, they were more sensitive to previous extreme dry year (represented by 60% precipitation reduction) than normal wet year (represented by 60% precipitation increment). Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) rather than resource absorption (R<sub>uptake</sub>) drove these asymmetric responses of RUE, and biomass of grasses further explained the asymmetric responses of ANPP.</p> <p>4. This study reveals the non-linear responses of RUE to previous-year precipitation and highlighted that the legacy effects of precipitation on RUE can be ascribed to the changes in vegetation composition. Our findings can facilitate the prediction of the legacy effects of precipitation variation on grassland ecosystem functions in the future.</p>
Environmental stoichiometry mediates phytoplankton diversity effects on communities' resource use efficiency and biomass
<p>Positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are predicted to increase in strength when high environmental variability allows for complementarity between resource use strategies in diverse communities. This environmental variability can be represented by spatial or temporal variation in nutrient ratios, but resource use efficiency (RUE) and therefore biomass build up of primary producers might be restricted when nutrient ratios are highly imbalanced (i.e., limitation by one nutrient and beyond optimal ratios for growth). Whereas the linkages between ecosystem functioning, diversity and nutrient availability are theoretically well understood, we lack experimental evidence on how phytoplankton diversity affects resource use and biomass under variable nutrient ratios (N:P ratios).</p> <p>Combining a mesocosm and a microcosm experiment we tested diversity effects on ecosystem functioning by exposing a species diversity gradient generated by the loss of rare species in a natural community to different N:P ratios (uniform vs a gradient). The N:P supply ratio gradient also allowed us to evaluate responses across balanced and imbalanced ratios.</p> <p>We found that increased species diversity led to increased community RUE when supplied a gradient of N:P ratios; but restricted to the highest diversity level. However, diversity did not affect RUE under uniform nutrient ratios. The overall phytoplankton biomass and carbon:nutrient ratios responses to diversity reflected the patterns detected for RUE. Contrary to theoretical predictions, RUE was maintained under highest N:P supply ratios (extreme phosphorous limitation) suggesting that imbalanced N:P ratios do not necessarily decrease function. Thus, we showed that the nutrient context influences diversity effects on RUE and biomass.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>. Overall, our results suggest that the effect of rare phytoplankton species losses on community RUE and biomass can be compensated by the persistent species when nutrient ratios are uniform, but leads to decreases in ecosystem functioning under variable nutrient ratios. This work provides a first attempt for testing interactions between the nutrient context (including concentrations and ratios) and the diversity of (natural) communities experimentally, which is conceptually understood but poorly tested for phytoplankton.</p>
ODYM-RECC Copper dataset, used for sector-level estimates for global future copper demand and the potential for resource efficiency
<p>Complete Model database with 105 parameter files used in the ODYM-RECC Copper model (github: https://github.com/SteffiKlose/ODYM-RECC-Copper.git) used for Sector-level estimates for global future copper demand and the potential for resource efficiency (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.106941">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.106941</a>)</p> <p>This dataset is based on the Database of the ODYM-RECC v2.4 model, used for the GLOBAL case study on material efficiency and climate change mitigation (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671644)</p>
Data from: Nitrogen reduction causes shifts in winter and spring phytoplankton composition and resource use efficiency in a large subtropical lake in China
<p>Aquatic ecosystems occasionally show ecological thresholds, defined as the point at which there is a sudden shift in production, trait or biomass or where changes in an environmental driver create nonlinear responses at the ecosystem level. Previous studies of lakes have mainly focused on how reduction in particularly phosphorus (P) concentrations helps to create a shift in lakes from a turbid to a clear state (re-oligotrophication), whereas the effect of nitrogen (N) reduction is less well studied. Here, by analysing a 28-year monthly monitoring dataset (from December 1991 to November 2019) from the subtropical, large eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, we identified a sudden shift in phytoplankton biomass and composition that coincided with a pronounced change in ecosystem functions, for example, resource use efficiency (RUE), during a period with reduction of the external nutrient loading. The changes were particularly strong in winter–spring where a sudden decrease in N concentrations was accompanied by a sudden increase in diatom biomass and phytoplankton RUE and a shift from green algae and flagellate co-dominance to dominance of diatoms. Structural equation modelling further indicated that ammonium reduction led directly to increases in winter–spring phytoplankton RUE and diatom biomass. Repeated fish stocking likely also contributed to the changes in biomass and RUE. Our study provides new insight into the ecological responses to N loading reduction and contributes to the understanding of lake responses to early re-oligotrophication, which was pronounced mainly in the colder seasons in subtropical Lake Taihu, similar to findings in the early phase of re-oligotrophication in numerous temperate lakes.</p>
Data from: genetic resources of macroalgae: development of an efficient method using microsatellite markers in non-model organisms
<p><span>Red and brown seaweeds are species with high ecological and economic importance. Here we report the feasibility of cost-effective molecular marker development in 6 species from different clades. Microsatellites markers of two brown seaweed species <em>Alaria esculenta</em>, <em>Pylaiella littoralis</em>, and of four red seaweed species <em>Calliblepharis jubata</em>, <em>Gracilaria gracilis</em>, <em>Gracilaria dura </em>and <em>Palmaria palmata</em> were identified and characterized using genomic sequences of Double-Digest Restriction site Associated DNA (ddRAD). A total of 64,623,186 reads were generated from two runs of multiplexed Illumina Miseq sequencing for which 30,636 reads containing microsatellites and 15,443 microsatellite loci with primers pairs were found. Five hundred seventy-six primers pairs were selected for amplification trials and levels of polymorphism. From the 338 that gave a positive amplification, 142 primers pairs were polymorphic. For genetic analyses two or three populations per species from 13 different geographic locations were used. A total of 28 usable polymorphic markers for <em>A. esculenta</em>, 18 for <em>P. littoralis</em>, 11 for <em>C. jubata</em>, 14 for <em>G. gracilis</em>, 21 for <em>G. dura </em>and 13 for <em>P. palmata </em>were developed. The overall number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 22. These 105 new microsatellite markers will be useful for further studies of population genetics, breeding programs and conservation genetics of these species. Compared with traditional approaches, our study yielded thousands of microsatellite loci in a short tim</span><span>e with affordable costs in six different species. This study based on ddRAD-sequencing for the development of microsatellite markers provides preliminary data u</span><span>sing a few individuals from two distinct populations on the genetic structure and reproduction mode of a non-model species as shown </span>with the detection of clonality for the two red algae, <em>C. jubata </em>and <em>G. dura</em> and the detection of highly genetically divergent populations corresponding probably to different cryptic species under the name of<em> P. littoralis</em>.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen reduction causes shifts in winter and spring phytoplankton composition and resource use efficiency in a large subtropical lake in China
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Asymmetric responses of resource use efficiency to previous-year precipitation in a semi-arid grassland
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Data from: genetic resources of macroalgae: development of an efficient method using microsatellite markers in non-model organisms
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Environmental stoichiometry mediates phytoplankton diversity effects on communities’ resource use efficiency and biomass
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Data from: Convergence in resource use efficiency across trees with differing hydraulic strategies in response to ecosystem precipitation manipulation
1. Plants are expected to respond to drought by maximizing the efficiency of the most limiting resource, the water use efficiency (WUE), at the expense of nitrogen and carbon use efficiencies (NUE and CUE). Therefore, plants resource use efficiencies are viewed as indicators of species drought tolerance. 2. We tested these predictions by measuring leaf-level intrinsic WUE (WUEi, the ratio of net assimilation to stomatal conductance), photosynthetic NUE (PNUE, the ratio of daily maximum net assimilation to leaf nitrogen content) and leaf-scale CUE (approached by the ratio of nighttime respiration to daytime net assimilation, Rd/An) in piñon pine and juniper, two tree species that differ in drought tolerance and vulnerability to drought-induced mortality. Variations in resource use efficiency in the two species were measured in response to seasonal drought and in response to an ecosystem-scale precipitation manipulation experiment comprising three precipitation treatments: ambient, irrigation (+30%) and partial rainfall exclusion (-45%). 3. Increasing water limitation, either seasonally or across treatments, resulted in increased WUE and decreased PNUE and CUE in both species. WUE, PNUE and CUE varied more strongly in response to water limitation than across species and converged to the same relationships against precipitation for piñon and juniper. 4. Plasticity in WUE, PNUE and CUE in response to water limitation was associated, in both species, with low carbon acquisition during drought. Our results exhibited a convergence in resource use efficiency across piñon and juniper which contradicts the paradigm that resource use efficiencies are indicators of species drought tolerance and ecological strategy.
Data from: Rehabilitating the cyanobacteria – niche partitioning, resource use efficiency, and phytoplankton community structure during diazotrophic cyanobacterial blooms
1. Blooms of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are recurrent phenomena in marine and freshwater habitats, and their supplying role in aquatic biogeochemical cycles is generally considered vital. The objective of this study is to analyze if an increasing proportion of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria affects (i) the composition of the non-diazotrophic component of ambient phytoplankton communities, and (ii) resource use efficiency (RUE; ratio of chl a to total nutrients) – an important ecosystem function. We hypothesize that diazotrophs increase community P use, and decrease N use efficiencies, as new N is brought into the system, relaxing N, and concomitantly aggravating P limitation. We test this by analyzing an extensive dataset from the Baltic Sea (> 3700 quantitative phytoplankton samples), known to harbor conspicuous and recurrent blooms of Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomenon sp. 2. System-level phosphorus use efficiency (RUEP) was positively related with high proportion of diazotrophic cyanobacteria, suggesting aggravation of phosphorus limitation. However, concomitant decrease of nitrogen use efficiency (RUEN) was not observed. Nodularia spumigena, a dominant diazotroph and a notorious toxin producer, had a significantly stronger relationship with RUEP, compared to the competing non-toxic Aphanizomenon sp., confirming niche differentiation in P acquisition strategies between the major bloom-forming cyanobacterial species in the Baltic Sea. Nodularia occurrences were associated with stronger temperature stratification in more offshore environments, indicating higher reliance on in situ P regeneration. 3. By using constrained and unconstrained ordination, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and local similarity analysis, we show that diazotrophic cyanobacteria explained no more than a few percent of the ambient phytoplankton community variation. The analyses furthermore yielded rather evenly distributed negative and positive effects on individual co-occurring phytoplankton taxa, with no obvious phylogenetic or functional trait-based patterns. 4. Synthesis. Our study reveals that despite the widely acknowledged noxious impacts of cyanobacterial blooms, the overall effect on phytoplankton community structure is minor. There are no predominantly positive or negative associations with ambient phytoplankton species. Species-specific niche differences in cyanobacterial resource acquisition affect important ecosystem functions, like biomass production per unit limiting resource.
Data from: Increase in light interception cost and metabolic mass component of leaves are coupled for efficient resource use in the high altitude vegetation
Global syntheses of leaf trait scaling relationships report an increase in light interception costs or 'diminishing returns' with increase in leaf area. However, variation in light interception costs across ecological gradients and plant strategies to cope up with these costs are not adequately understood. We analyzed leaf area (A) - leaf dry mass (M), leaf water mass (W) - M and W - A scaling relationships in plants occurring in a high altitude region of western Himalaya across environmental gradients to understand changes in light interception cost and metabolic mass component. M represents light interception cost, whereas, W is considered as a proxy of metabolic mass component for liquid phase being the ultimate source of metabolic activity. Trait values were measured from 9278 leaves belonging to 136 dominant species occurring at different sites, slope aspects, elevations and habitat types. Overall, light interception cost increased with increasing A (scaling exponent (α) <1 in A-M relationship) and metabolic mass component increased disproportionately high with increasing M and A. We found significant differences in scaling exponents of leaf trait relationship between sites, elevations, slope aspects and habitat types, indicating that increase in light interception cost was more evident at higher elevations, southern slopes and open habitats. Further, with increase in light interception cost, metabolic mass component also increased (α>1 in W-M and W-A relationships). The changes in scaling exponents of various leaf trait relationships across ecological gradients indicated that vegetation of different regions have differences in light interception cost and metabolic mass component. Moreover, increasing light interception cost (increase in mechanical and hydraulic tissues) with increasing A and increasing metabolic mass (leaf thickness) with increasing A and M are favored in high altitude vegetation. This could be a key strategy of high altitude plants for efficient resource capture and use in harsh environments.
A Web-resource for Nutrient Use Efficiency related Genes, QTLs, and microRNA in important cereals and model plants
<p>Cereals are key contributors to global food security. Genes involved in the uptake (transport), assimilation and utilization of macro- and micronutrients are responsible for the presence of these nutrients in grain and straw. Although many genomic databases for cereals are available, there is currently no cohesive web resource of manually curated nutrient use efficiency (NtUE)-related genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, we present a <a href="http://bioclues.org/NtUE/index.php">web- resource</a> containing information on NtUE-related genes/QTLs and the corresponding available microRNAs for some of these genes in four major cereal crops (wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>), rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>), maize (<em>Zea mays</em>), barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em>)), two alien species related to wheat (<em>Triticum urartu</em> and<em> Aegilops tauschii</em>), and two model species (<em>Brachypodium distachyon </em>and <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>). Gene annotations integrated in the current web resource were manually curated from the existing databases and the available literature. The primary goal of developing this web resource is to provide descriptions of the NtUE-related genes and their functional annotation. MicroRNAs targeting some of the NtUE related genes and the QTLs for NtUE-related traits are also included. The genomic information embedded in the web resource should help users to search for the desired information.</p>
Data from: Functional diversity promotes phytoplankton resource use efficiency
1.Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is a central topic in ecology. Multi‐traits based functional diversity has been proposed to improve mechanistic understanding of the BEF relationship; however, how trait‐based functional diversity affects ecosystem functioning and processes has rarely been addressed in aquatic ecosystems. 2.Here, we examined the causal relationships between three phytoplankton functional diversity indices (FAD2, FDc, FRic) and Shannon diversity index versus resource use efficiency for nitrogen (RUEN), phosphorus (RUEP), and silicate (RUESi), with monthly long‐term datasets from the marine (Western English Channel, 2000 ‐ 2014) and freshwater (Lake Kasumigaura, 1984 ‐ 2012) ecosystems. 3.We employed Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM), a novel method developed for identifying causality for nonlinear dynamical systems; this is in contrast to linear approaches that cannot distinguish causality from correlation. CCM found that FDc is the most robust functional diversity index among the selected functional diversity indices (FAD2, FDc, FRic) in predicting phytoplankton resource use efficiency and exhibited a much stronger causal effect than the Shannon index. 4.Furthermore, scenario exploration analysis indicates that most causal effects from phytoplankton diversity indices on resource use efficiency (RUEN, RUEP, and RUESi) are on average positive, and FDc exhibited the most consistent positive causal effects on phytoplankton resource efficiency in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Thus, increasing FDc can enhance phytoplankton resource use efficiency in aquatic ecosystems. 5.Synthesis. Our results show significant causal effects of functional diversity on phytoplankton resource use efficiency in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Among all selected functional diversity indices, FDc is the most robust functional diversity index in promoting phytoplankton resource efficiency. Our study provides empirical evidences in natural aquatic systems that trait‐based functional diversity represents better species niche partitioning than the Shannon index and thereafter enhances resource use efficiency. This finding can improve our understanding on trophic transfer and nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
Data from: Functional diversity promotes phytoplankton resource use efficiency
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Data from: Convergence in resource use efficiency across trees with differing hydraulic strategies in response to ecosystem precipitation manipulation
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Data from: Rehabilitating the cyanobacteria – niche partitioning, resource use efficiency, and phytoplankton community structure during diazotrophic cyanobacterial blooms
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Data from: Increase in light interception cost and metabolic mass component of leaves are coupled for efficient resource use in the high altitude vegetation
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Data from: Intraspecific variations in leaf traits, productivity, and resource use efficiencies in the dominant species of subalpine evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forests along the altitudinal gradient
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Many studies have reported intraspecific variations in leaf functional traits, but their contribution to plant performance and ecosystem function are poorly understood. We studied altitudinal gradients of intraspecific variations in leaf traits, productivity, and resource use efficiency in the dominant species of subalpine evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forests in Japan. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We addressed three hypotheses, which are exclusive to each other. 1) Leaf traits vary along the leaf economics spectrum (LES). Plants that grow at lower and higher altitudes have fast- and slow-return strategies, respectively, which improve productivity or resource use efficiency in the respective habitat. 2) Leaf trait variations are not consistent with the LES, but they contribute to improving productivity or resource use efficiency in the respective habitat. 3) Leaf trait variations do not contribute to improving productivity or resource use efficiency at higher altitudes. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>On the studied mountain range, <i>Fagus crenata</i>, a deciduous broad-leaved tree, and <i>Abies</i><i> mariesii</i>, an evergreen conifer, are the dominant species at lower and higher altitudes, respectively. In <i>F. crenata</i>, leaf mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen concentrations were higher at higher altitudes. The net assimilation rate and light use efficiency during the growing season were greater at higher altitudes, which compensated for the shorter growing season in terms of annual productivity. In <i>A. mariesii</i>, the LMA was lower and the leaf life span was unchanged at higher altitudes. Productivity and resource use efficiency decreased with altitude. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We conclude that <i>F. crenata</i> improves its productivity and resource use efficiency at higher altitudes by altering its leaf functional traits (Hypothesis 2), whereas alterations to leaf traits in <i>A. mariesii</i> are not associated with any improvement at higher altitudes (Hypothesis 3), which may result from the negative impact of environmental stress. Hence, the ecological significance of altitude to leaf trait variations depends on species and environment.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Metaecosystem dynamics of marine phytoplankton alters resource use efficiency along stoichiometric gradients
Metaecosystem theory addresses the link between local (within habitats) and regional (between habitats) dynamics by simultaneously analyzing spatial community ecology and abiotic matter flow. Here, we experimentally address how spatial resource gradients and connectivity affect resource use efficiency (RUE) and stoichiometry in marine phytoplankton at local and regional scales. We created gradostat metaecosystems consisting of five linearly interconnected patches, which either were arranged in countercurrent gradients of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply or with a uniform spatial distribution of nutrients, and which had either low or high connectivity. Gradient metaecosystems were characterized by higher remaining N and P concentrations (and N:P ratios) than uniform ones, a difference reduced by higher connectivity. The position of the patch in the gradient strongly constrained elemental stoichiometry, local biovolume production and RUE. Expectedly, algal C:N, biovolume and N-specific RUE decreased towards the N-rich end of gradient metaecosystem, whereas the opposite was observed for most of the gradient for C:P, N:P and P-specific RUE. However, at highest N:P supply, unexpectedly low C:P, N:P, and P-specific RUE values were found, indicating that the low availability of P inhibited efficient use of N and biovolume production. Consequently, gradient metaecosystems had lower overall biovolume at the regional scale, but higher dissimilarity in species composition. Thus, the performance of phytoplankton in metaecosystems strongly depended on the stoichiometry of resource supply and spatial connectivity between patches.
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