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20 results for “retrogression”
Data from: Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
In Low Arctic tundra, thermal erosion of ice-rich permafrost soils (thermokarst) has increased in frequency since the 1980s. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are thermokarst disturbances forming large open depressions on hillslopes through soil wasting and vegetation displacement. Tall (> 0.5 m) deciduous shrubs have been observed in RTS a decade after disturbance. RTS may provide conditions suitable for seedling recruitment, which may contribute to arctic shrub expansion. We quantified in situ seedling abundance, and size and viability of soil seedbanks in greenhouse trials for two RTS chronosequences near lakes on Alaska's North Slope. We hypothesized recent RTS provide microsites for greater recruitment than mature RTS or undisturbed tundra. We also hypothesized soil seedbanks demonstrate quantity-quality trade-offs: younger seedbanks contain smaller numbers of mostly viable seed that decrease in viability as seed accumulates over time. We found five times as many seedlings in younger RTS as in older RTS, including birch and willow, and no seedlings in undisturbed tundra. Higher seedling counts were associated with bare soil, warmer soils, higher soil available nitrogen, and less plant cover. Seedbank viability was unrelated to size. Older seedbanks were larger at one chronosequence, with no difference in percent germination. At the other chronosequence, germination was lower from older seedbanks but seedbank size was not different. Seedbank germination was positively associated with in situ seedling abundance at one RTS chronosequence, suggesting post-disturbance revegetation from seedbanks. Thermal erosion may be important for recruitment in tundra by providing bare microsites that are warmer, more nutrient rich, and less vegetated than in undisturbed conditions. Differences between two chronosequences in seedbank size, viability, and species composition suggest disturbance interacts with local conditions to form seedbanks. RTS may act as seedling nurseries to benefit many arctic species as climate changes, particularly those that do not produce persistent seed.
Lakeshore retrogressive thaw slumps (thermocirques) in West Siberian Arctic
<p>The dataset represents georeferenced polygons of mapped retrogressive thaw slumps (thermocirques) in the West Siberian Arctic.</p><p>The columns in the attribute table represent the area, edge elevation values, and slope angle.</p><p>The methodology of the data collection is described in Leibman et al., 2023.</p>
An Updated Inventory of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps Along the Vulnerable Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor
<p>An inventory of 875 retrogressive thaw slumps over a landscape of 54000 km<sup>2</sup>, along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor underlain by permafrost, was compiled using remote sensing and DeepLabv3+, a kind of deep learning model. The file in the format of Geopackage/GPKG contains the boundary of each retrogressive thaw slump as vectors in the Coordinate Reference System of EPSG:32646 - WGS 84. The associated attribute table includes probability, time of the satellite images, source of the satellite images, the near roads labels, year of initiation, longitude and latitude, area (units: m<sup>2</sup>), Deep Learning model. The corresponding names for the table fields are ‘Probability’, ‘Year-month’, ‘Source Image’, ‘Near roads’, ‘Initial year’, ‘Longitude’, ‘Latitude’, ‘Area’, ‘Deep Learning model’. The ‘Probability’, having values of ‘High’, ‘Medium’ and ‘Low’, measures how much we are sure about the mapped RTSs.</p>
From bottom-up to top-down control of invertebrate herbivores in a retrogressive chronosequence
<p>In the long-term absence of disturbance, ecosystems often enter a decline or retrogressive phase which leads to reductions in primary productivity, plant biomass, nutrient cycling and foliar quality. However, the consequences of ecosystem retrogression for higher trophic levels such as herbivores and predators, are less clear. Using a post-fire forested island-chronosequence across which retrogression occurs, we provide evidence that nutrient availability strongly controls invertebrate herbivore biomass when predators are few, but that there is a switch from bottom-up to top-down control when predators are common. This trophic flip in herbivore control probably arises because invertebrate predators respond to alternative energy channels from the adjacent aquatic matrix, which were independent of terrestrial plant biomass. Our results suggest that effects of nutrient limitation resulting from ecosystem retrogression on trophic cascades are modified by nutrient-independent variation in predator abundance, and this calls for a more holistic approach to trophic ecology to better understand herbivore effects on plant communities.</p>
Data from: Retrogressive moulting in khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
<p><span class="Dummy">Insect larvae typically moult to grow, but here we investigate insect larvae that moult to shrink; that is, retrogressive moulting or retrogressive development. We demonstrate this phenomenon in the khapra beetle, </span><em><span class="fi">Trogoderma granarium</span></em><span class="Dummy"> Everts (Dermestidae), among the world's most invasive pests of stored grains and cereal products, and a quarantine pest of interest for many countries. Larvae survived a 3‐month period of starvation, moulting up to six times and reducing their body mass by about half, on average. When reprovisioned with food, most larvae resumed the normal trajectory of development and pupated within a month. Thus, retrogressive development is a mechanism that may favour species whose resources exhibit feast‐or‐famine dynamics. By enabling survival during periods of privation, retrogressive development contributes to the invasiveness of the khapra beetle by allowing them to persist for long periods in empty storage facilities or empty containers used for international grain shipments.</span></p>
Data from: Retrogressive moulting in khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
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Data from: Impact of plant functional group and species removals on soil and plant nitrogen and phosphorus across a retrogressive chronosequence
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From bottom-up to top-down control of invertebrate herbivores in a retrogressive chronosequence
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Data from: Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
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Annual inventories of retrogressive thaw slumps across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2016 to 2022
<p>The dataset is retrogressive thaw slump inventories with annual intervals across the plateau from 2016 to 2022. It contains the boundaries of thaw slumps delineated yearly based on the PlanetScope Scenes with high resolution (3-5 m). The inventories were compiled semi-automatically by combining deep-learning detection and manual delineation. We assigned a unique ID to every RTS in 2022 and the corresponding polygons in previous years. For RTSs merged into one in 2022, we assigned the same ID to make them traceable. We also clustered the RTSs based on the locations. It is the first of this kind to provide annual large-scale thaw slump observations across the QTP and can potentially be a benchmark for monitoring permafrost and evaluating its impact. The vector file in shapefile format contains the boundary of each hot melt collapse. The name of the file is “QTP_RTS_YYYY”, with the ‘YYYY’ representing the year of the boundaries. Relevant attribute tables include unique numbers, area (units: m<sup>2</sup>), longitude and latitude, and clusters that RTSs are in, with the corresponding names of the table fields 'id', 'Area', 'Longitude', 'Latitude' and 'Cluster'.</p>
Retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) inventory in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (northwest of Beiluhe basin)
<p>A new retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) inventory in central Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) were generated based on visual interpretation of nine satellite images (WV-2, Google Earth image, Ziyuan-3, Gaofen-2, Gaofen-1) and field investigations. A total 459 RTSs were confirmed with an accumulative area of 1199.49 ha (in time slice of 2018-2020). To reduce the uncertainty in identifying the RTS boundaries, all of the images were spatially corrected based on a reference image, which was obtained on 29 December 2015. The RTS inventory published by Luo et al., (2022) and Xia et al., (2022) were refered when we conduct visual interpretation. Note: the RTSs were distingusihed into active RTSs (TYPE=Y) and non-active RTSs (TYPE=N). Those RTSs were neither active nor non-active RTSs when their area increase vary from 0 to 0.01 ha or less than 0 (TYPE=T). The field named "area_ha", "perime_km" are the area and perimeter of the RTSs in the attribute tables of shapefiles. The units of area and perimeters are hectare (ha) and kilometer (km), respectively. The field named "type" indicates the status of RTSs. The "Y" and "N" are means the RTS is belongs to active RTS and non-active, respectively.</p>
Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
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The retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) inventory in permafrost region of the QTP
<p>This dataset contain the retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) inventory in permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) based on field investigations and the manual interpretation of the Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-2 images. RTSs were visually detected based on the presence of recently exposed sediments, poorly developed vegetation, and distinct headwalls. To avoid misdelineation of the RTS, the entire permafrost region of the QTP was divided into a large number of grids measuring 5 × 5 km each. Grids with slope degrees below 1° or higher than 15° were excluded because RTSs are rarely found at these slopes according to our previous study and field investigations. RTSs in the remaining grids were detected and sketched by the first author and then examined by at least two other experienced authors. Once a RTS was identified, it was assigned a unique number and classified based on its initiation such as next to a river (R), by lake erosion (L), and after the occurrence of active-layer detachment slide.</p>
Data of publication Carbon Dioxide Release from Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in Siberia
<p>This is the publication of data for the publication Beer et al., Carbon Dioxide Release from Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in Siberia, submitted to the Journal Environmental Research Letters in 2023.</p> <p>There are three variables included in the file results_thawslump_extrapolation_23092022.xlsx file: area of all thaw slumps, 0-100 cm carbon stocks of all thaw slumps, and annual CO2 release from all thaw slumps. In the mat-file there is even more information on soil temperature and CO2 production and emissions for a complete uncertainty assessment.</p>
Data from: The rise and fall of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity during ecosystem retrogression
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Data from: Above-ground and below-ground responses to long-term nutrient addition across a retrogressive chronosequence
1. There is much interest in understanding ecosystem responses to local-scale soil fertility variation, which has often been studied using retrogressive chronosequences that span thousands of years and show declining fertility and plant productivity over time. There have been few attempts to experimentally test how plant nutrient limitation changes during retrogression. 2. We studied a well-characterized system of 30 forested lake islands in northern Sweden that collectively represent a 5350-year post-fire retrogressive chronosequence, with fertility and productivity decreasing as time since fire increases. For each island we set up four plots on understorey vegetation, each subjected to a different fertilizer treatment over six years: no additions, nitrogen (N) only, phosphorus (P) only, and N + P. 3. We found that both N and P additions reduced feather moss and thus total plant biomass. Meanwhile the three dominant vascular plant species showed contrasting biomass responses, but similar responses of foliar nutrient concentrations to nutrient additions. Fertilization reduced most microbial groups and altered CO2 fluxes, most likely through feather moss reduction. Against expectations, the majority of interactive effects of N and P were antagonistic. 4. Changes in effects of nutrient additions during retrogression were usually modest. Empetrum hermaphroditum biomass was increasingly promoted by P and N + P addition while vascular plant N to P ratios were increasingly reduced by P addition, indicating increasing plant limitation by nutrients (notably P) during retrogression. Below-ground, positive effects of N addition on soil mineral N increased while negative effects of N addition on soil fungi decreased during retrogression; no other below-ground effects of fertilization changed along the gradient. 5. Synthesis. Our results show that forest understorey communities on islands of different fire history and thus stages of retrogression show relatively modest differences in how they respond to nutrient addition despite large changes in ecosystem productivity and soil fertility, probably because of high species turnover and adaptation of communities to infertile conditions. While increased nutrient availability (as expected through global change) may have important ecological consequences, these effects are likely, especially below-ground, to be rather similar across ecosystems that differ greatly in nutrient availability and productivity.
Spatial predictions of retrogressive thaw slump susceptibility in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region
<p>Here, we provide a raster file of the RTS susceptibility map in the Northern Hemisphere. The map is a result of a scientific study by Makopoulou et al. (2024, in review). File is provided in TIFF-format. </p>
Data from: Above-ground and below-ground responses to long-term nutrient addition across a retrogressive chronosequence
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Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Virtual Reality and Retrogressive Imagery on Basketball Free Throw Performance and Self-efficacy Among University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06565533. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Retrogressive thaw slumps on the Tibetan Plateau from 1986 to 2020
<p>The degradation of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) exacerbates the expansion of retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs), posing a threat to the stability of infrastructure. Based on time-series Landsat images, we used a combination of machine learning automatic classification and manual delineation to identify 3537 RTSs in the permafrost region of TP from 1986 to 2020, the data also provided detailed information on RTSs area and annual disturbance time.</p>
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