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765 results for “rhythms”
Rhythms and Nocturnal Activities of Wood Ants in the Neuwied Basin, Germany 2010-2016
In situ activity patterns of two Formica-rufa group species (F. pratensis; F. polyctena) were continuously studied at four different red wood-ant nests during six months in each of the years 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2016 and related to weather factors and variations of the Earth’s magnetic field. In situ activity patterns of both species are similarly periodic and exhibit ultradian, and short and long infradian rhythms under natural Light:Dark conditions. Crepuscular and nocturnal activities ≤ 4-hr long were observed in both species, especially at the new moon and first quarter after the astronomical twilight in a period of darkness in fall. We hypothesize that local variability in Earth’s magnetic field affects long-term activity patterns, whereas humidity and temperature were more strongly associated with ultradian rhythms (less than 20 hr).
Periodic Degassing Rhythms in Three Mineral Springs in the Neuwied Basin, Germany 2016
We present a geochemical dataset acquired during continual sampling over 7 months (bi-weekly) and 4 weeks (every 8 hours) in the Neuwied Basin, a part of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF, Germany). We used a combination of geochemical, geophysical, and statistical methods to describe and identify potential causal processes underlying the correlations of degassing patterns of CO2, He, Rn, and tectonic processes in three investigated mineral springs (Nette, Kärlich and Kobern). We provide for the first time, temporal analyses of periodic degassing patterns (1 day and 2-6 days) in springs. The temporal fluctuations in cyclic behavior of 4–5 days that we recorded had not been observed previously but may be attributed to a fundamental change in either gas source processes, subsequent gas transport to the surface, or the influence of volcano-tectonic earthquakes. Periods observed at 10 and 15 days may be related to discharge pulses of magma in the same periodic rhythm. We report the potential hint that deep low-frequency (DLF) earthquakes might actively modulate degassing. Temporal analyses of the CO2-He and CO2-Rn couples indicate that all springs are interlinked by previously unknown fault systems. The volcanic activity in the EEVF is dormant but not extinct. To understand and monitor its magmatic and degassing systems in relation to new developments in DLF-earthquakes and magmatic recharging processes and to identify seasonal variation in gas flux, we recommend continual monitoring of geogenic gases in all available springs taken at short temporal intervals.
Adaptive Introgression in Modern Human Circadian Rhythm Genes Datasets
<p><strong>README:</strong></p> <p>Modern human genetic data with evidence of adaptive introgression from Neanderthals or Denisovans within circadian rhythm genes. The data was generated from the phased gnomAD 1KGP + HGDP callset (Koenig <em>et al</em>., 2024) and introgressed segments were identified by SPrime (Browning <em>et al</em>., 2018). Genes of interest were downloaded from the Circadian Genome Database (CGDB) (Li <em>et al</em>., 2017). Additional variants, haplotypes, and genes that have been previously reported to influence circadian rhythm or chronotype that are thought to be derived from Neanderthals and Denisovans were compiled from Dannemann & Kelso (2017), McArthur et al. (2021), Dannemann et al. (2022), and Velazquez-Arcelay et al. (2023).</p> <p><strong>SPrime ND_Match Files</strong></p> <p>Raw SPrime identified files that we used for our entire analysis. These were modified to include the archaic allele, archaic allele frequency, and average introgressed segment allele frequency. Note that these have been lifted over (Hinrichs <em>et</em> <em>al</em>., 2006) from GRCh38 (hg38) to GRCh37 (hg19) coordinates to match the genome builds of the archaic samples used in our study. As such, any manually generated variant IDs (chromosome:position:ReferenceAllele_AlternativeAllele naming convention) may no longer match the position they are currently sitting on as they were generated with hg38 coordinates. However, all of these were subsequently filtered out of our final results and any proper SNP IDs (dbSNP labels) will be accurate.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Tables</strong></p> <p>All supplementary tables have an associated README as the first sheet that explains in detail the contents.</p> <p><strong>NEXUS Files</strong></p> <p>NEXUS files were used to generate haplotype networks in PopArt (Leigh & Bryant, 2015). There is a larger, master haplotype file and a smaller subset file. The larger file contains 668 haplotypes from all populations generated in the phased gnomAD 1KGP + HGDP callset (Koenig <em>et al</em>., 2024) for the <em>SUSD1 </em>core haplotype. The smaller subset file is the top 50 haplotypes and ties based on frequency, all Oceanic haplotypes with frequencies of at least 2, and the Neanderthal and Denisovan haplotypes for <em>SUSD1</em>. </p> <p><strong>TRAITS file</strong></p> <p>Accompanies the NEXUS files to create pie graphs for the haplotype network and contains frequency counts of number of haplotypes per region.</p>
Universal theory of brain waves: from linear loops to nonlinear synchronized spiking and collective brain rhythms (supplemental material: brain wave loops movies)
<p>This is a collection of videos supplementing the paper "Universal theory of brain waves: from linear loops to nonlinear synchronized spiking and collective brain rhythms"</p> <p>Examples of wave trajectories and emergent persistent loop patterns for the spherical shell cortex model with<br> varying amounts of tensor anisotropy and inhomogeneous shell layer thickness.</p> <p><br> Examples of brain wave trajectories and emergent persistent loop patterns for cortical fold geometry with different<br> approaches used for estimation of inhomogeneity and anisotropy. Among those examples are several simple cases with variable inhomogeneity and fixed anisotropy (similar to the above spherical shell cortex model) as well as with more complex estimates of anisotropy based on multiple diffusion gradients MRI (dMRI) acquisitions.</p>
Standstill to the beat: Differences in involuntary movement responses to simple and complex rhythms (SOUND STIMULI)
<p>Sound stimuli used in the 2019 "Nordic Championship of Standstill" experiment, presented in the paper titled "Standstill to the beat: Differences in involuntary movement responses to simple and complex rhythms".</p>
IODP Expedition 382: Supplementary Tables for "New magnetostratigraphic insights from Iceberg Alley on the rhythms of Antarctic climate during the Plio-Pleistocene"
<p>Supplementary tables for "New magnetostratigraphic insights from Iceberg Alley on the rhythms of Antarctic climate during the Plio-Pleistocene"</p> <p>Includes stratigraphic data for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 382 Sites U1536 and U1537.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Table Captions:</strong></p> <p><strong>Table S1.</strong> Splice table and additional appended cores for Site U1536 used in this study. </p> <p><strong>Table S2.</strong> Splice table and additional appended cores for Site U1537 used in this study. </p> <p><strong>Table S3.</strong> Correlation table for creation of correlated equivalent depth (ced) scale between Sites U1536 and U1537.</p> <p><strong>Table S4.</strong> Uncertainty estimates for Site U1536 natural gamma radiation (NGR) correlation to Site U1537 on mcd depth scale using Undatable (Lougheed & Obrochta, 2019). </p> <p><strong>Table S5.</strong> Site U1536 inclination, natural gamma radiation (NGR), gamma ray attenuation (GRA), and b* data used in this study.</p> <p><strong>Table S6.</strong> Site U1537 inclination, natural gamma radiation (NGR), gamma ray attenuation (GRA), and b* data used in this study.</p> <p><strong>Table S7.</strong> Meters below sea floor (mbsf) depths of magnetic reversals at Site U1536. Reversal ages are those used in this study’s age models (see Methods; Channell et al., 2016; Lisiecki & Raymo, 2005).</p> <p><strong>Table S8.</strong> Meters composite depth (mcd) splice depths of magnetic reversals at Site U1536. Reversal ages are those used in this study’s age models (see Methods; Channell et al., 2016; Lisiecki & Raymo, 2005).</p> <p><strong>Table S9.</strong> Meters below sea floor (mbsf) depths of magnetic reversals at Site U1537. Reversal ages are those used in this study’s age models (see Methods; Channell et al., 2016; Lisiecki & Raymo, 2005).</p> <p><strong>Table S10.</strong> Meters composite depth (mcd) splice depths of magnetic reversals at Site U1537. Reversal ages are those used in this study’s age models (see Methods; Channell et al., 2016; Lisiecki & Raymo, 2005).</p> <p><strong>Table S11.</strong> Magnetostratigraphic age model for Site U1536 generated with Undatable (Lougheed & Obrochta, 2019).</p> <p><strong>Table S12.</strong> Magnetostratigraphic age model for Site U1537 generated with Undatable (Lougheed & Obrochta, 2019).</p> <p><strong>Table S13.</strong> Dove Bain data stacks used in this study. </p> <p><strong>Table S14.</strong> Stratigraphic summary of magnetic reversals discussed in this study. U1308 ages from Channell et al., 2016. In relation to benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O, warm intervals are intervals with more positive values. In relation to Dove Basin facies, warm intervals are intervals with high higher b*, lower NGR, and lower GRA.</p>
Phase response analyses support a relaxation oscillator model of locomotor rhythm generation in Caenorhabditis elegans
<p>This dataset contains all data and codes that are used in the manuscript entitled "Phase response analyses support a relaxation oscillator model of locomotor rhythm generation in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>".</p> <p>The data include raw videos and intermediate data for optogenetic experiments of all strains, experimental conditions (illumination duration, illuminated region, fluid viscosity and date). Within the parent folder 'Videos', each subfolder represents data of a group of experiments using the same strain under the same condition, as indicated explicitly by the subfolder name. Within each subfolder, there are raw videos of freely moving worms perturbed by transient optogenetic perturbations and intermediate data which include locomotory information and the corresponding figure plots (kymographs) that were generated by analysing the raw videos with the image analysis software (also in the dataset)</p> <p>The codes include scripts for image data analysis and model simulations. The image data analysis codes include scripts specifically for generating phase portrait graphs, phase response curves, head oscillation stability plots, phase isochron map and vector field. The model simulation codes include scripts for model oscillators implementation, paramter estimation/optimization and simulations of optogenetic inhibition.</p>
Data and analysis scripts of "Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues"
<p>These are the data and the analysis scripts accompanying the publication </p> <p>"Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues". </p> <p>Check the readMe for an instruction.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 3 | Contextual modulation of locomotor activity of Garcialebias reicherti. Total daily locomotor activity for isolated (n = 10) and paired fish (n = 10). Each dot represents the mean number of events for each fish. *shows statistical significance (see p value in the main text). Box height from upper to lower quartile, whiskers represent standard deviation, median shown by horizontal line.
FIGURE 2 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 2 | Daily rhythm of locomotor activity in paired fish of Garcialebias reicherti recorded during four days in LD. A. Representative time series (actograms) and cosinor fit diagrams for two female (orange) and a male (green) dyads. Amount of locomotor activity (number of events) is normalized for visualization purposes. Gray areas in the actogram represent the dark phase of each 24 h period. The cosinor representation for each individual of the dyad is shown next to the actogram. Black outlines represent the duration of the night. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit. Radial lines show the extreme values of the acrophases calculated for each of six days. B. Rayleigh test for all paired individuals (5 males and 5 females) analyzed collectively. Triangles signal individual male acrophases, diamonds signal individual female acrophases. Members of each dyad are presented in the same color. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit and length of the black radial line marks the p value (external circumference is p = 0, see main text for p value). The black outline represents the duration of the night.
FIGURE 4 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 4 | Number and allocation of reproductive events at different hours in Garcialebias reicherti. Bars show the occurrence of events at different timepoints for each dyad (see references). Concentric circumferences show the number of events at that hour throughout the 4-day period. Black outline signals the duration of the night.
FIGURE 1 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 1 | Daily rhythm of locomotor activity in isolated fish of Garcialebias reicherti recorded during eight days in LD. A. Representative actograms and cosinor fit diagrams for a female (orange) and a male (green) fish. Amount of locomotor activity (number of events) is normalized for visualization purposes. Gray areas in the actogram represent the dark phase of each 24 h period. The cosinor representation for each individual is shown below the actogram. Black outlines represent the duration of the night. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit. Radial lines show the extreme values of the acrophases calculated for each of six days. B. Rayleigh test for all isolated individuals (5 males and 5 females) analyzed collectively. Triangles signal individual acrophases. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit and length of the black radial line marks the p value (external circumference is p = 0, see main text for p value). The black outline represents the duration of the night.
Data for: Altered Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Rhodopsin 7-Dependent Shade Preference During Diapause in Drosophila Melanogaster
<p>To survive adverse environments, many animals enter a dormant state such as hibernation, dauer, or diapause. Various Drosophila species undergo adult reproductive diapause in response to cool temperatures and/or short day-length. While it is known that flies are less active during diapause, an in-depth understanding of diapause effects on circadian rhythms and sleep is lacking. Here we show that, in diapause-inducing conditions, Drosophila melanogaster exhibit altered circadian activity profiles, including a severely reduced morning activity peak and an advanced evening activity peak. Consequently, the flies have a single activity peak at a time similar to when non-diapausing flies have a siesta. Temperatures ≤15 °C, rather than short day-length, primarily drive the behavior. At cool temperatures, flies also rapidly enter a deep sleep state that lacks the sleep cycles of flies at higher temperatures and requires particularly high levels of stimulation for arousal. Furthermore, we show that at 18–25 °C, flies prefer to siesta in the shade, a preference that is virtually eliminated at 10 °C. Resting in the shade is driven by an aversion to blue light, sensed by rhodopsin 7 (Rh7) outside of the eyes. Flies at 10 ˚C show neuronal markers of elevated sleep pressure, including increased expression of Bruchpilot and elevated Ca2+ in the R5 ellipsoid body neurons. Therefore, sleep pressure might overcome blue light aversion. Thus at temperatures known to cause reproductive arrest, preserve germline stem cells, and extend lifespan, Drosophila melanogaster are prone to deep sleep and exhibit dramatically altered - yet rhythmic - daily activity patterns.</p>
Рис. 5. Спектр ритмов в многоΛетнем хоΔе чисΛенности Λесного Λемминга в заповеΔнике «Кивач», КареΛия (а), и в Баргузинском заповеΔнике (б) Fig. 5. The spectrum of rhythms in the long-term course of the number of forest lemming in the Kivach Reserve, Karelia (a) and in the Barguzinsky reserve (b) in Long-Term Variability In Forest Lemming Population Numbers ( Liljeborg, 1844): Cyclicity
Рис. 5. Спектр ритмов в многоΛетнем хоΔе чисΛенности Λесного Λемминга в заповеΔнике «Кивач», КареΛия (а), и в Баргузинском заповеΔнике (б) Fig. 5. The spectrum of rhythms in the long-term course of the number of forest lemming in the Kivach Reserve, Karelia (a) and in the Barguzinsky reserve (b)
Fig. 1 in Living with the enemy: activity rhythms of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) and some potential preys in an urban environment
Fig. 1 - Satellite view of the municipal area of Padua and location of the camera traps. / Immagine satellitare del territorio comunale di Padova e posizione delle trappole fotografiche (Image/Immagine: Google Satellite).
Fig. 2 in Living with the enemy: activity rhythms of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) and some potential preys in an urban environment
Fig. 2 - Temporal activity overlap between the red fox and its potential preys. The shaded area under the two density estimates represents the overlap coefficient. / Sovrapposizione dell'attività temporale tra la volpe rossa e le sue potenziali prede. L'area ombreggiata sotto le due stime di densità rappresenta il coefficiente di sovrapposizione.
Figure 1 in Daily activity rhythm of the African stingless bee Hypotrigona gribodoi (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in the dry season, with notes on nest structure and colony composition
Figure 1. Numbers of bees departing from the nest (black) and returning throughout daylight hours. Returning bees are separated into those without (white) and with (gray) loaded pollen baskets
Duhumbi Phonology - Iambic to Trochaic Rhythm?
<p>There are indications for a change from iambic rhythm in the purported linguistic ancestor of Duhumbi, Proto-Western Kho-Bwa, to the trochaic rhythm of present-day Duhumbi.</p> <p>This material is made freely available to everyone for informative or scientific purposes as long as the source (this DOI) / the collectors are properly credited. Please note that use of the material for commercial purposes <em><strong>of any kind</strong>, which includes conversion into commercial audio-visual media (documentaries etc.), storage and dissemination through sites that require registration & payment for access, or sites that rely on advertisement (including YouTube) </em>is <strong>not</strong> permitted without <strong>specific written consent</strong> from the speakers and their community, obtained through the collectors of the material. By downloading our material, you agree to these restrictions.</p> <p>This data set falls under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license. This license lets you remix, tweak, and build upon this work non-commercially, as long as you credit us and license your new creations under the identical terms. License Deed on <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</a>. Legal Code on <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode</a>.</p> <p>Tim Bodt: bodttim (at) gmail (dot) com</p>
A-MAPS: Augmented MAPS Dataset with Rhythm and Key Annotations
<p>The MAPS dataset is one of the most used benchmark dataset for automatic music transcription. We propose here an updated version of the ground truth MIDI files, containing, on top of the original pitch, onset and offsets, additional annotations.</p> <p>The annotations include:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Tempo curve</p> </li> <li> <p>Time signature</p> </li> <li> <p>Durations of notes in fraction of a quarter note (some of them are approximate)</p> </li> <li> <p>Key signature (always written as the major relative)</p> </li> <li> <p>Separate left and right hand staff</p> </li> <li> <p>Text annotations from the score (tempo indications, coda...).</p> </li> </ul> <p>If you use these annotations in a published research project, please cite:<br> Adrien Ycart and Emmanouil Benetos. “A-MAPS: Augmented MAPS Dataset with Rhythm and Key Annotations” <em>19th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference Late Breaking and Demo Papers, </em>September 2018, Paris, France.</p> <p>More information is available at: <a href="http://c4dm.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/ycart/a-maps.html">http://c4dm.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/ycart/a-maps.html</a></p> <p><strong>Version 1.2 (2019-03-11):</strong></p> <ul> <li>Add 3 missing MAPS files to the dataset: MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_ENSTDkCl.mid, MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_SptkBGAm.mid, MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_StbgTGd2.mid. <strong>WARNING:</strong> <strong>They correspond to the same piece as MAPS_MUS-chpn_op10_e01_AkPnCGdD.mid</strong></li> <li>Tempo curve slightly edited to avoid unnatural tempo changes (see <a href="http://c4dm.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/ycart/a-maps.html">this page</a> for more info).</li> </ul> <p><strong>Version 1.1 (2018-09-19):</strong></p> <ul> <li>BUG FIXED: in some files, the time signature, key signature and text annotations used to be incorrectly shifted by one quarter note. This is now fixed.</li> <li>Sustain pedal activations are now the same as in the MAPS dataset, they are all in the "Piano left" track.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
example stimuli of "Behavioral effects of rhythm, carrier frequency and temporal cueing on the perception of sound sequences"
<p>Exemplary subset of stimuli accompanying the manuscript "Behavioral effects of rhythm, carrier frequency and temporal cueing on the perception of sound sequences"</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.