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40 results for “root morphology”

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Fine root morphology in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in the N fertilized and reference watershed at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA during the final year of N fertilization (2016) and during the year after N fertilization ceased (2017).

Our objective was to detect possible differences in N fertilization responses of fine root morphology in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). To do this, we sampled fine roots in a plot network of 6 AM and 6 ECM dominated (>65% diameter at breast height) 10 x 10 m plots in the lower elevation hardwood zone of both the reference and N fertilized watersheds (N=24 plots) at Bear Brook Watershed, in Maine USA during final year of N fertilization at Bear Brook in 2016 and during the year after N fertilization ceased in 2017.

openCC0Aug 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

data sets and trees for the Rasplus et al paper "Exploring systematic biases, rooting methods and morphological evidence to unravel the evolutionary history of the genus Ficus (Moraceae)" Cladistics (2020)

Data sets and trees for the Rasplus et al. paper "Exploring systematic biases, rooting methods and morphological evidence to unravel the evolutionary history of the genus Ficus (Moraceae)" Cladistics (2020). Preprint = https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.042259v1 *.phy = Data sets (phylip format) [see Table 2 of the paper for more details]. - mergeR1R2.phy : complete data set (530 RAD loci shared by 75% of the samples + assembly of forward & reverse reads) - mergeR1R2_GCinfmean.phy : loci with GC content inferior or equal to mean GC content - mergeR1R2_GCsupmean.phy : loci with GC content strictly superior to mean GC content - mergeR1R2_LS3.phy : loci that evolve at a homogeneous rate across clades of interest (Clade1= sect. Pharmacosycea; Clade2=subg. Urostigma, Clade3=sect. Oreosycea, Clade4= "gynodioecious clade") - mergeR1R2_PCA.phy : loci for which difference between Long Branch (LB) scores for sect. Pharmacosycea and other ingroups was not significant according to our custom iterative PCA approach   Fig*.nwk : Trees (newick format) that were obtained for the different data sets. Trees are also included as Figures or Supplementary Figures of the paper. Note that you may visualize these nwk trees in FigTree (open FigTree. Upload the FigS1A_RAxML_mergeR1R2_inclfigtreeannot.nex first and then open the other trees - do not close FigTree in between !- Annotations included in the first file will be automatically used to annotate other trees).    Appendix S2 : Morphological matrix + morphological tree + 4 competing molecular trees. This file can be opened in Mesquite to get reconstruction of ancestral character states

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Root morphology and mycorrhizal type strongly influence root production in nutrient hot spots of mixed forests

1. Plants compete for nutrients using a range of strategies. We investigated nutrient foraging within nutrient hot-spots simultaneously available to plant species with diverse root traits. We hypothesized that there would be more root proliferation by thin-root species than by thick-root species, and that root proliferation by thin-root species would limit root proliferation by thick-root species. 2. We conducted a root ingrowth experiment in a temperate forest in eastern USA where root systems of different tree species could interact. Tree species varied in the thickness of their absorptive roots, and were associated with either ectomycorrhizal (EM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Thus, there were thin- and thick-root AM and thin- and thick-root EM plant functional groups. Half the ingrowth cores were amended with organic nutrients (dried green leaves). Relative root length abundance, the proportion of total root length in a given soil volume occupied by a particular plant functional group, was calculated for the original root population and ingrowth roots after 6 months. 3. The shift in relative root length abundance from original to ingrowth roots was positive in thin-root species but negative in thick-root species (P < 0.001), especially in unamended patches (AM: +6% vs. -7%; EM: +8% vs. -9%). Being thin-rooted may thus allow a species to more rapidly recolonize soil after a disturbance, which may influence competition for nutrients. Moreover, we observed that nutrient additions amplified the shift in root length abundance of thin over thick roots in AM trees (+13% vs. -14%), but not in EM trees (+1% vs -3%). In contrast, phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers suggested that EM fungal hyphae strongly proliferated in nutrient hot-spots whereas AM fungal hyphae exhibited only modest proliferation. 4. We found no evidence that when growing in the shared patch, the proliferation of thin roots inhibited the growth of thick roots. 5. Synthesis. Knowledge of root morphology and mycorrhizal type of co-existing tree species may improve prediction of patch exploitation and nutrient acquisition in heterogeneous soils.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

dryad36/100

Contrasting patterns in biomass allocation, root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for phosphorus acquisition among 20 chickpea genotypes with different amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates

1. Adjustments in root biomass allocation, root morphology, carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal symbiosis are well-known strategies for plants to cope with phosphorus (P) deficiency. Large genotypic variation in these functional traits has been demonstrated within numerous species. Yet, whether these functional traits are coordinated differently among genotypes of a species to enhance P acquisition remains unknown. 2. We characterised 11 root functional traits associated with P acquisition in 20 chickpea genotypes with contrasting amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates, grown in a glasshouse with severely limiting insoluble (10 mg kg–1 FePO4), moderately limiting soluble (10 mg kg–1 KH2PO4), and adequate (50 mg kg–1 KH2PO4) P supply. 3. Substantial variation was found among genotypes in root functional traits associated with P acquisition. Genotypes with a large amount of carboxylates (HRC) had thinner roots, and a lower root mass fraction and root mass density, but higher specific root length and colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) than genotypes with a small amount of rhizosheath carboxylates. 4. In response to soil P availability, chickpea genotypes showed large plasticity in root biomass allocation, rhizosheath pH, carboxylate amount, and colonisation by AMF, but a limited response in most root morphological traits (i.e. mean root diameter, root mass density and specific root length). Shoot P content was strongly correlated with different root functional traits in the three P treatments. 5. Our findings suggest a range of predictable relationships between root functional traits among chickpea genotypes; those with HRC tended to have relatively thinner roots with lower cost of root construction, while allocating more resources to carboxylate exudation and colonisation by AMF. The shift in the relationships between shoot P content and root functional traits indicates that root traits and/or trait combinations in chickpea vary in a manner that enhances P acquisition under specific soil P conditions (i.e. P sources/ levels). Such knowledge provides valuable information for chickpea genotype breeding and our understanding of evolution of traits with improved root/rhizosphere functioning.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Areal (+)-borneol modulates root morphology, auxin signalling and meristematic activity in Arabidopsis roots

One of the characteristic aspects of odour sensing in humans is the activation of olfactory receptors in a slightly different manner to different enantiomers. Here, we focused on whether plants showed enantiomer-specific responses similar to that in humans. We exposed Arabidopsis seedlings to methanol (control) and (+)- or (−)-borneol, and found that only (+)-borneol reduced the root length. Furthermore, the root-tip width was more increased upon (+)-borneol exposure than upon (−)-borneol exposure. In addition, root-hair formation was observed near the root tip in response to (+)-borneol. Auxin signalling was strongly reduced in the root tip following exposure to (+)-borneol, but was detected following exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol. Similarly, in the root tip, the activity of Cyclin B1:1 was detected on exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol, but not on exposure to (+)-borneol, indicating that (+)-borneol inhibits the meristematic activity in the root. These results partially explain (+)-borneol-specific reduction in the root length of Arabidopsis. Our results indicate the presence of a sensing system specific for (+)-borneol in Arabidopsis.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Squamation and scale morphology at the root of jawed vertebrates

Placoderms, as the earliest branching jawed vertebrates, are crucial to understanding how the characters of crown gnathostomes comprising Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes evolved from their stem relatives. Despite the growing knowledge of the anatomy and diversity of placoderms over the past decade, the dermal scales of placoderms are predominantly known from isolated material, either morphologically or histologically, resulting in their squamation being poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the squamation and scale morphology of a primitive taxon of Antiarcha (a clade at the root of jawed vertebrates), Parayunnanolepis xitunensis, based on the virtual restoration of an articulated specimen by using X-ray computed tomography. Thirteen morphotypes of scales are classified to exhibit how the morphology changes with their position on the body in primitive antiarchs, based on which nine areas of the post-thoracic body are distinguished to show their scale variations in the dorsal, flank, ventral, and caudal lobe regions. In this study, the histological structure of yunnanolepidoid scales is described for the first time based on disarticulated scales from the type locality and horizon of P. xitunensis. The results demonstrate that yunnanolepidoid scales are remarkably different from their dermal plates as well as euantiarch scales in lack of a well-developed middle layer. Together, our study reveals that the high regionalization of squamation and the bipartite histological structure of scales might be plesiomorphic for antiarchs, and jawed vertebrates in general.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

dryad36/100

TreeGrow - Data from: Morphology, bud burst and root fungal communities of Norway spruces (Picea abies)

Our study delved into the relationship between root-associated fungi, gene expression and plant morphology in Norway spruce cuttings derived from both slow-and fast-growing trees. We found no clear link between the gene expression patterns of adventitious roots and the growth phenotype, suggesting no fundamental differences in the receptiveness to fungal symbionts between the phenotypes. Interestingly, saplings from slow-growing parental trees exhibited a higher richness of ectomycorrhizal species and larger roots. Some ectomycorrhizal species, typically found on mature spruces, were more prevalent on saplings from slow-growing spruces. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungus, Hyaloscypha hepaticola, showed a stronger association with saplings from fast-growing spruces. Moreover, saplings from slow-growing spruces had a greater number of Ascomycete taxa and free-living saprotrophic fungi. Aboveground sapling stems displayed some phenotypic variation; saplings from fast-growing phenotypes had longer branches but fewer whorls in their stems compared to those from the slow-growing group. In conclusion, the observed root-associated fungi and phenotypic characteristics in young Norway spruces may play a role in their long-term growth rate. This suggests that the early interactions between spruces and fungi could potentially influence their growth trajectory.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for the manuscript 'Cover crop root morphology rather than quality controls the fate of root and rhizodeposition C into distinct soil C pools'

Data for manuscript The data provided in the present document corresponds to the manuscript: Engedal, T., Magid, J., Hansen, V., Rasmussen, J., Sørensen, H., Jensen, L. S. (2023): Cover crop root morphology rather than quality controls the fate of root and rhizodeposition C into distinct soil C pools. Global Change Biology, in press.   Short abstract In order to investigate the fate of cover crop-derived belowground C as rhizodeposition and, over time, into the distinct soil organic carbon pools of particulate- and mineral-associated organic carbon (POC and MAOC), a column trial was esblished with 0.25 m top soil and 0.25 m sub soil. Four cover crops were grown for 3 months and 14CO2-labelled twice a week. Four out of eight replicate columns were destructively harvested to quantify root C and the carbon lost via rhizodeposition in absolute (qClvR) and relative terms (%ClvR) in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil from top- and subsoil (t1). The other four replicate columns were harvested for undisturbed incubation for one year, before final sampling (t2). Bulk soil from both sampling times were subject to a simple fractionation protocol by size, where particles larger from 50 microns were assigned to POC and smaller than 50 microns assigned to MAOC after dispersion in NaHMP. All fractions were dried, weighed and analyzed for 14C activity as disintegrations per minute (DPM).   Further details Column ID 1-16 refer to columns sampled at t1, while column ID 17-32 refer to columns sampled at t2. Underlying assumptions and detailed descriptions of the different fractions are to be found in the manuscript.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

dryad36/100