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6 results for “sagebrush ecosystems”
Modified Ecosystem Demography (ED2) model with sagebrush (shrub) parameters
<p># Original Ecosystem Demography (ED2) model was developed by Moorcroft et al., 2001 and Medvigy et al., 2009, and team, which is available at github (https://github.com/EDmodel/ED2).</p> <p># This repository contains modified Ecosystem Demography (ED2) model for sagebrush (shrub) PFT. In order to do so we primarily updated ed_params.F90 with additional PFT, which is represented by number '18'. For the initial works, we selected allometrics equations for temperate PFTs in ED2 to develop coefficients (parameters) related to allometric relationships (such as dbh to height , dbh to leaf biomass etc). We used cube root of volume to represent diameter to calculate allometric equations for shrubs, since they do not have clear main trunk like trees. Another source code ed_max_dims.F90 was also changed to update PFT dimensions. </p> <p># This repository also includes namelist (ED2IN) file used to run sensitivity and optimization of sagebrush parameters. </p> <p>References</p> <p>Medvigy, D., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Hollinger, D. Y., and Moorcroft, P. R.: Mechanistic scaling of ecosystemfunction and dynamics in space and time: Ecosystem Demography model version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 114, G01002, doi:10.1029/2008JG000812, 2009.</p> <p>Moorcroft, P. R., Hurtt, G. C., Pacala, S. W.: A method for scaling vegetation dynamics: the Ecosystem Demography model (ED), Ecol. Monogr., 71, 557–586, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071%5b0557:AMFSVD%5d2.0.CO;2">https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0557:AMFSVD]2.0.CO;2</a>, 2001.</p>
Restoration temporarily supports the resilience of sagebrush-steppe ecosystems subjected to repeated fires
<p>Many ecosystems are experiencing increased fire frequencies and species invasions that can erode their resilience and cause a shift to alternative states. In the sagebrush-steppe, a semi-arid shrubland ecosystem in North America, restoration treatments are often implemented following wildfire to enhance their resilience to invasion. However, little is known about the long-term effectiveness of these treatments. We investigated whether repeated restoration efforts provide greater resilience in sagebrush-steppe communities initially dominated by species with different post-fire regeneration traits and subjected to compounding wildfires and invasion by <em>Bromus tectorum</em> over 25 years.</p> <p>We studied 37 permanent transects (Columbia Basin, Washington, USA) in which species abundance was recorded multiple times from 1992 to 2017. We quantified community change and its relationship with fire, restoration, and moisture availability. Resilience was evaluated by quantifying community resistance and stability indices.</p> <p>The greatest change occurred in communities where the obligate seeding shrub <em>Artemisia tridentata</em> was initially common. Repeated fires led to the extirpation of this shrub and eventual dominance of <em>B. tectorum</em>. Herbicide applications temporarily suppressed <em>B. tectorum</em> post-fire. Seeding treatments and above average precipitation initially increased native cover. Although communities where resprouting species were common showed the least change, repeated fires did lead to a gradual but substantial decline (86%) in resprouting shrubs.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> Our findings show that repeated restoration efforts, together with elevated precipitation, can support native species re-establishment in systems experiencing altered disturbance regimes and species invasions. Our unique long-term dataset demonstrates, however, that many such interventions have short-lived effects due to the strong "unhelpful resilience" of highly invaded systems. This implicitly suggests that many such systems have experienced fundamental shifts in ecosystem state. The likelihood of this occurring is strongly associated with the dominant species post-fire regeneration traits. We predict that community composition and resilience will continue to degrade in the sagebrush-steppe unless management prioritizes fire suppression and an adaptive restoration approach that considers resource availability.</p>
Restoration temporarily supports the resilience of sagebrush-steppe ecosystems subjected to repeated fires
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Data from: Harvester ant seed removal in an invaded sagebrush ecosystem: implications for restoration
<p>A better understanding of seed movement in plant community dynamics is needed, especially in light of disturbance-driven changes and investments into restoring degraded plant communities. A primary agent of change within the sagebrush-steppe is wildfire and invasion by non-native forbs and grasses, primarily cheatgrass (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>). Our objectives were to quantify seed removal and evaluate ecological factors influencing seed removal within degraded sagebrush-steppe by granivorous Owyhee harvester ants (<i>Pogonomyrmex salinus</i> Olsen). In 2014, we sampled 76 harvester ant nests across 11 plots spanning a gradient of cheatgrass invasion (40-91% cover) in southwestern Idaho, USA. We presented seeds from four plant species commonly used in post-fire restoration at 1.5 and 3.0 m from each nest to quantify seed removal. We evaluated seed selection for presented species, monthly removal, and whether biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., distance to nearest nest, temperature) influenced seed removal. Our top model indicated seed removal was positively correlated with nest height, an indicator of colony size. Distance to seeds and cheatgrass canopy cover reduced seed removal, likely due to increased search and handling time. Harvester ants were selective, removing Indian ricegrass (<i>Achnatherum hymenoides</i>) more than any other species presented. We suspect this was due to ease of seed handling and low weight variability. Nest density influenced monthly seed removal, as we estimated monthly removal of 1,890 seeds for 0.25 ha plots with 1 nest and 29,850 seeds for plots with 15 nests. Applying monthly seed removal to historical restoration treatments across the western U.S. showed harvester ants can greatly reduce seed availability at degraded sagebrush sites; for instance, fourwing saltbush (<i>Atriplex canescens</i>) seeds could be removed in <2 months. Collectively, these results shed light on seed removal by harvester ants and emphasize their potential influence on post-fire restoration within invaded sagebrush communities.</p>
Data from: Repeated fires reduce plant diversity in low-elevation Wyoming big sagebrush ecosystems (1984-2014)
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Data from: Harvester ant seed removal in an invaded sagebrush ecosystem: implications for restoration
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