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63 results for “sand lizard”
Fig. 2 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)
Fig. 2. Fragment of microscopic structure of stomach wall of sand lizard: 1 — stomach wall; 2 — stomach contents; 3 — gastric glands; 4 — columnar epithelium; 5 — cubic epithelium. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.
Fig. 5 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)
Fig. 5. Fragment of microscopic structure of large intestine of sand lizard: 1 — intestine wall; 2 — epithelial cells; 3 — lymphoid formations. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.
Fig. 1 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)
Fig. 1. The topography of internal organs of sand lizard: (A): 1 — heart; 2 — lung; 3 — liver; 4 — stomach; 5 — small intestine; 6 — large intestine; 7 — ovary; (B): 1 — tongue; (C): 1 — stomach; 2 — pylorus; 3 — small intestine.
Fig. 3 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)
Fig. 3. Fragment of microscopic structure of duodenum of sand lizard: 1 — wall of villus; 2 — epithelial cells; 3 — stroma of villus. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.
Fig. 4 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)
Fig. 4. Fragment of microscopic structure of jejunum of sand lizard: 1 — wall of villus; 2 — fragment of nutrition between two villi; 3 — epithelial cells; 4 — stroma of villus. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.
Fig. 3 in Color Features Of Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae), In Kyiv Region (Ukraine)
Fig. 3. Number of scales in 15–17 rows of neck scales between lateral light lines in different color morphs of L. agilis: "NOT" — var. erythro-(viridi-)nota; "3" — trilinear; "2_3" — intermediate form; "2" — bilinear.
Fig. 2 in Color Features Of Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae), In Kyiv Region (Ukraine)
Fig. 2. Features of sand lizards coloring in the Kyiv Region: I — 5 types of color and body picture (А — bilinear, B — intermediate form between bilinear and trilinear, С — trilinear, D — var. erythro- (viridi-)nota; E — var. con-(bi-)color); ІІ — calculation of the number of scales in the 15–17 rows; elements of the picture: 1 — dorsal line; 2 — marginal line; 3 — vertebral stripes; 4 — dark dorsal spots.
Figs 5, 6. Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Figs 5, 6. Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 size in State Park of Itapeva (green circle) and Real beach (blue circle), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 5, female; 6, male.
Fig. 1 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Fig. 1. Location map of sampling areas for the two populations of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 in the study, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Triangle: Real beach; Circle: State Park of Itapeva (PEI).
Figs 2-4 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Figs 2-4. Abundance of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 estimated in each primary sampling occasion for State Park of Itapeva (P) and Real beach (R), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 2, adult males; 3, adult females; 4, juveniles. Samplings 1 – 3 were conducted in 2015 and 4 – 6 in 2016; Vertical lines are representative of confidence intervals of 95%.
Text-fig. 2. Dorsal view of endocranium of a 31 mm sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. cp: cartilago parietectalis (cartilago tecti nasi); cs: sphenethmoidal commissure; tm: taenia marginalis. (Modified from Gaupp 1900.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull
Text-fig. 2. Dorsal view of endocranium of a 31 mm sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. cp: cartilago parietectalis (cartilago tecti nasi); cs: sphenethmoidal commissure; tm: taenia marginalis. (Modified from Gaupp 1900.)
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick-borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
<p>1. Understanding which factors determine tick-borne disease hazard can contribute to effective disease control. In Europe, the hazard of the pathogens <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> s.l. and <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em> is determined by local tick densities (mainly <em>Ixodes ricinus</em>) and the reservoir competence of the host species community. Sand lizards (<em>Lacerta agilis</em>) are common hosts for larvae and nymphs of <em>I. ricinus</em> and non-competent reservoirs for both pathogens. Consequently, high relative abundance of <em>L. agilis</em> is hypothesized to be associated with lower infection prevalence in nymphs. Here, we aimed to test whether this effectively occurs in natural settings.</p> <p>2. We sampled different habitat types within a heterogenous dune landscape at the Dutch coast and estimated 1) <em>L. agilis</em> densities, 2) host community competence, 3) the density and infection prevalence of questing<em> I. ricinus</em> ticks, and 4) the number and infection prevalence of ticks feeding on <em>L. agilis</em>.</p> <p>3. Captured <em>L. agilis</em> had high tick burdens and contributed substantially to feeding <em>I. ricinus</em> larvae in their natural habitat. <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. and <em>A. phagocytophilum</em> were virtually absent from feeding larvae and nymphs.</p> <p>4. The nymphal infection prevalence of both pathogens in questing ticks was lower in habitat types where <em>L. agilis</em> was more abundant. Hence, <em>L. agilis</em> strongly reduced community competence.</p> <p>5. The density of questing nymphs was higher in habitat types with denser vegetation and also varied more between habitat types than infection prevalence. As a result, nymphal density had a stronger effect on the density of infected ticks than did nymphal infection prevalence.</p> <p>6. Synthesis and applications. Coastal dune habitats favourable for <em>L. agilis</em> have lower densities of questing nymphs, and a lower human infection hazard. These results might be applicable to similar ecosystems where <em>L. agilis</em> is present. From a public health perspective, this underlines the importance of preserving early successional habitat, as encroaching shrubs are associated with higher tick-borne disease hazard, and vegetation removal might be a solution to reduce hazard in coastal dunes. The high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of tick-borne pathogens also poses opportunities to manage recreational activities to limit human exposure to tick-borne diseases.</p>
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick-borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
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Fig. 1 in Color Features Of Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae), In Kyiv Region (Ukraine)
Fig. 1. Map of sand lizard distribution and places of sampling in Kyiv Region:
Figure 1 in Using body condition index can be an unreliable indicator of fitness: a case of sand lizard Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Sauria: Lacertidae)
Figure 1. Correlation between lizards' body length and body mass in the 3 age groups.
The effects of costly telomere maintenance on lifespan-reproductive tradeoffs in sand lizards
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Data from: Pay up or die: Tradeoffs between costly telomere maintenance, somatic growth, and body condition in embryonic and adult sand lizards
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Data from: Geographic variation of life-history traits in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis: testing Darwin's fecundity-advantage hypothesis
The fecundity-advantage-hypothesis (FAH) explains larger female size relative to male size as a correlated response to fecundity selection. We explored FAH by investigating geographic variation in female reproductive output and its relation to sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in Lacerta agilis, an oviparous lizard occupying a major part of temperate Eurasia. We analysed how sex-specific body size and SSD are associated with two putative indicators of fecundity selection intensity (clutch size and the slope of the clutch size-female size relationship), and with two climatic variables throughout the species range and across two widespread evolutionary lineages. Variation within the lineages provides no support for FAH. In contrast, the divergence between the lineages is in line with FAH: the lineage with consistently female-biased SSD (L. a. agilis) exhibits higher clutch size and steeper fecundity slope than the lineage with an inconsistent and variable SSD (L. a. exigua). L. a. agilis shows lower offspring size (egg mass, hatchling mass) and higher clutch mass relative to female mass than L. a. exigua, i.e. both possible ways to enhance offspring number are exerted. As the SSD difference is due to male size (smaller males in L. a. agilis), fecundity selection favouring larger females, together with viability selection for smaller size in both sexes, would explain the female-biased SSD and reproductive characteristics of L. a. agilis. The pattern of intraspecific life-history divergence in L.agilis is strikingly similar to that between oviparous and viviparous populations of a related species Zootoca vivipara. Evolutionary implications of this parallelism are discussed.
Data from: When field experiments yield unexpected results: lessons learned from measuring selection in White Sands lizards
Determining the adaptive significance of phenotypic traits is key for understanding evolution and diversification in natural populations. However, evolutionary biologists have an incomplete understanding of how specific traits affect fitness in most populations. The White Sands system provides an opportunity to study the adaptive significance of traits in an experimental context. Blanched color evolved recently in three species of lizards inhabiting the gypsum dunes of White Sands and is likely an adaptation to avoid predation. To determine whether there is a relationship between color and susceptibility to predation in White Sands lizards, we conducted enclosure experiments, quantifying survivorship of Holbrookia maculate exhibiting substrate-matched and substrate-mismatched phenotypes. Lizards in our study experienced strong predation. Color did not have a significant effect on survival, but we found several unexpected relationships including variation in predation over small spatial and temporal scales. In addition, we detected a marginally significant interaction between sex and color, suggesting selection for substrate matching may be stronger for males than females. We use our results as a case study to examine six major challenges frequently encountered in field-based studies of natural selection, and suggest that insight into the complexities of selection often results when experiments turn out differently than expected.
Data from: Corticosterone: a costly mediator of signal honesty in sand lizards
The mechanisms underlying honest signal expression remain elusive and may involve the integration of social and physiological costs. Corticosterone is a socially modulated metabolic hormone that mediates energy investment and behavior and may therefore function to deter dishonest signal expression. We examined the relationship between corticosterone and green badge coloration in male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis), hypothesizing that physiological and behavioral costs resulting from elevated baseline glucocorticoids function in maintenance of honest signal expression. We found that large-badged males had higher corticosterone titer, with this relationship apparent at the end of the season and absent early in the season. Large-badged males also suffered higher ectoparasite load (number of tick nymphs), despite being in better condition than small-badged males. Ectoparasite load was positively related to corticosterone titer early in the season at the time of badge formation. High-condition individuals had lower corticosterone and lower numbers of ectoparasites than low-condition individuals, suggestive of conditional variation in ability to withstand costs of corticosterone. We found an opposing negative relationship between corticosterone titer and endoparasite load. Corticosterone titer was also negatively associated with male mobility, a fitness-determining behavior in this species. Because badge size is involved in mediating agonistic social interactions in this species, our results suggest that badge-dependent variation in corticosterone is likely reflective of variation in social conditions experienced over the course of the season. Our results implicate corticosterone in maintenance of signal honesty, both early in the season through enforcement of physiological costs (ectoparasite load) and during the season through behavioral costs (male mobility). We propose that socially modulated variation in corticosterone critically functions in mediation of signal honesty without requiring a direct role for corticosterone in trait expression.
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