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Fig. 3 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Fig. 3 Liver histology of schistosome-infected mice treated with ivermectin or artemisone on days 21, 22, 41, and 42 postinfection

Fig. 4 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Fig. 4 Liver transverse sections of schistosome-infected mice treated with ivermectin, DMSO vehicle, or artemisone on days 21, 22, 41, and 42 postinfection

Fig. 3 in Urogenital schistosomiasis transmission on Unguja Island, Zanzibar: characterisation of persistent hot-spots

Fig. 3 Number of human-water contact sites in persistent hot-spot and low-prevalence shehias in Unguja

Fig. 2 in Urogenital schistosomiasis transmission on Unguja Island, Zanzibar: characterisation of persistent hot-spots

Fig. 2 Map of Unguja Island, Zanzibar, showing the location of selected persistent hot-spot and low-prevalence shehias

Fig. 1 in Urogenital schistosomiasis transmission on Unguja Island, Zanzibar: characterisation of persistent hot-spots

Fig. 1 Flowchart showing the inclusion procedure for persistent hot-spot and low-prevalence shehias in Unguja

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

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Data from: Climate change could fuel urinary schistosomiasis transmission in Africa and Europe

This dataset contains primary, intermediate, and output data for "Climate change could fuel urinary schistosomiasis transmission in Africa and Europe". In this paper, we use mechanistic and correlative modelling to predict the distribution of schistosomiasis intermediate host snail Bulinus truncatus. Model projections suggest the suitable habitat for B. truncatus will increase by 17%, with new suitable habitat in Southern Europe and Central Africa, and a reduction in suitable habitat in the Sahel region.

Fig. 1 in An alien intermediate snail host in Malawi - Orientogalba viridis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832) - A new concern for schistosomiasis transmission in Africa?

Fig. 1. Site photo of the location where O. viridis was first encountered. Numerous snails were found on mud within the rice paddy [large inset] and, of particular note, a single schistosome cercaria of S. haematobium was observed upon microscopy and photographed [small inset] and confirmed by DNA barcoding. This rice paddy was immediately adjacent to a small oxbow lake, where children were seen swimming and numerous Bulinus were found but these snails were not observed to shed schistosome cercariae at the time of first survey in May 2023.

Fig. 2. A in An alien intermediate snail host in Malawi - Orientogalba viridis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832) - A new concern for schistosomiasis transmission in Africa?

Fig. 2. A) Shell, scale bar: 3 mm; B) mantle pigmentation, scale bar: 3 mm; C) bursa copulatrix, scale bar: 2 mm; D) penis, ratio of penis sheath (ps)/preputium (pp) ~1, overall length 0.5 cm; E) radula, scale bar: 10 μm; F) experimental infection with S. haematobium with miracidia highlighted within red elipses with unaltered swimming around the snail's body. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Impact of Schistosomiasis, Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Anaemia on preschool and school-age children's health condition: post treatment predictive mapping in Benin Republic.

This dataset provides information about the epidemiology of schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminthiasis and anemia alongside malnutrition among preschool and school age children in Ouake and Bembereke districts of donga and borgou departments in Benin republic.

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Data from: Climate change could fuel urinary schistosomiasis transmission in Africa and Europe

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publicJul 2024View details →

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Knowledge, experiences, and practices of women affected by female genital schistosomiasis in rural Madagascar

Background: Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a neglected manifestation of urogenital schistosomiasis caused by S. haematobium. The disease presents with symptoms such as pelvic pain, vaginal discharge and bleeding and menstruation disorders, and might lead to infertility and pregnancy complications. The perspectives of women with FGS have not been studied systematically. Methods: We performed a qualitative study in the Ambanja district in Northwest Madagascar. FGS was diagnosed by colposcopy. Seventy-six women with FGS participated either in a focus group discussion (N=60) or in an individual semi-structured interview (N= 16). The data were analysed using Mayring´s qualitative content analysis. The aim of the study was to understand knowledge, experiences, and practices of women with FGS. Results: Knowledge on how the disease is acquired varied and ideas on prevention remained vague. Patients suffered from vaginal discharge and pelvic complaints. Some women expressed unbearable pain during sexual intercourse and compared their pain to an open wound being touched. FGS considerably impaired women´s daily activities and their quality of life. Infertility led to resignation and despair, conflicts with the partner and to social exclusion from the community. Women fearing to sexually transmit FGS refrained from partnership and sexual relations. Many women with FGS reported stigmatisation. A coping strategy was to share strain with other women having similar complaints. However, concealing FGS was a common behaviour which led to social isolation and delayed health care seeking. Conclusions: Our study underlines that FGS has an important impact on the sexual health of women and on their social life in the community. Our results highlight the importance of providing adequate health education and structural interventions, such as the supply of water and the provision of sanitation measures. Further, correct diagnosis and treatment of FGS in adolescent girls and women should be available in all S. haematobium-endemic areas.

Fig. 1 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Fig. 1 Effects of ivermectin delivered by gavage on different days postinfection

Fig. 4 in Urogenital schistosomiasis transmission on Unguja Island, Zanzibar: characterisation of persistent hot-spots

Fig. 4 Number of B. globosus and B. globosus shedding S. haematobium cercariae per shehia in Unguja

Scheme 1 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Scheme 1 Chemical structures

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

Precision mapping of snail habitat provides a powerful indicator of human schistosomiasis transmission

Recently, the World Health Organization recognized that efforts to interrupt schistosomiasis transmission through mass drug administration have been ineffective in some regions; one of their new recommended strategies for global schistosomiasis control emphasizes targeting the freshwater snails that transmit schistosome parasites. We sought to identify robust indicators that would enable precision targeting of these snails. At the site of the world's largest recorded schistosomiasis epidemic—the Lower Senegal River Basin in Senegal—intensive sampling revealed positive relationships between intermediate host snails (abundance, density, and prevalence) and human urogenital schistosomiasis reinfection (prevalence and intensity in schoolchildren after drug administration). However, we also found that snail distributions were so patchy in space and time that obtaining useful data required effort that exceeds what is feasible in standard monitoring and control campaigns. Instead, we identified several environmental proxies that were more effective than snail variables for predicting human infection: the area covered by suitable snail habitat (i.e., floating, nonemergent vegetation), the percent cover by suitable snail habitat, and size of the water contact area. Unlike snail surveys, which require hundreds of person-hours per site to conduct, habitat coverage and site area can be quickly estimated with drone or satellite imagery. This, in turn, makes possible large-scale, high-resolution estimation of human urogenital schistosomiasis risk to support targeting of both mass drug administration and snail control efforts.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

DMID14-0100: A randomized, controlled Phase 1b trial of the Sm-TSP-2 vaccine for intestinal schistosomiasis ELISA results

Recombinant Schistosoma mansoni Tetraspanin-2 formulated on Alhydrogel (Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel) is being developed to prevent intestinal and hepatic disease caused by S. mansoni. The tegumentary Sm-TSP-2 antigen was selected based on its unique recognition by cytophilic antibodies in putatively immune individuals living in areas of ongoing S. mansoni transmission in Brazil, and preclinical studies in which vaccination with Sm-TSP-2 protected mice following infection challenge.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Assessing the prevalence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis and comparing the acceptability and performance of health worker-collected and self-collected cervical-vaginal swabs using PCR testing among women in North-Western Tanzania: the ShWAB study

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a severe neglected disease, caused by infection with Schistosoma haematobium. The WHO has prioritized the improvement of diagnostics for FGS and previous studies have explored the PCR-based detection of Schistosoma DNA on genital specimens, with encouraging results. We aimed to determine the prevalence of FGS among women living in an endemic district in North-western Tanzania, applying and preliminary comparing self-collected and operator-collected cervical-vaginal swabs followed by PCR, and to assess the acceptability of these sampling procedures.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Oxamniquine derivatives overcome praziquantel treatment limitations for schistosomiasis

Human schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the method of choice for treatment. Due to constant selection pressure, there is an urgent need for new therapies for schistosomiasis. Previous treatment of S. mansoni included the use of Oxamniquine (OXA), a drug that activated by schistosomes' sulfotransferase (SULT). Guided by data from Xray crystallography and Schistosoma killing assays more than 350 OXA derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested. We were able to identify CIDD-0150610 and CIDD-0150303 as powerful derivatives in vitro that kill (100%) of all three Schistosoma species at a final concentration of 143 µM. We evaluated the efficacy of the best OXA derivates in an in vivo model after treatment with a single dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage. The highest rate of worm burden reduction was achieved by CIDD -150303 (81.8%) against S. mansoni, CIDD-0149830 (80.2%) against S. haematobium and CIDD-066790 (86.7%) against S. japonicum. We have also evaluated the derivatives ability to kill immature stages since PZQ does not kill immature schistosomes. CIDD-0150303 demonstrated (100%) of killing for all life stages at a final concentration of 143 µM in vitro and effective reduction in worm burden in vivo. To understand how OXA derivatives fit in the SULT binding pocket, X-ray crystal structures of CIDD-0150303 and CIDD-0150610 demonstrate that the SULT active site will accommodate further modifications to our most active compounds as we tune them to increase favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Treatment with a single dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage of each PZQ and CIDD-0150303 reduced the worm burden in an animal model by (90.8%). Therefore, we conclude that CIDD-0150303, CIDD-0149830 and CIDD-066790 are the novel drugs that overcome OXA limitation, and CIDD-0150303 can be used with PZQ in combination therapy.

publicFeb 2023View details →

DMID14-0100: A randomized, controlled Phase 1b trial of the Sm-TSP-2 vaccine for intestinal schistosomiasis ELISA results

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