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84 results for “seed banks”
Seed Bank in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2004-2015
The impending loss of hemlock trees due to hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation prompted the need to identify species of plants able to colonize areas where hemlock has been removed. We investigated species present in the seed bank (in 2004 and 2010), the seedling bank (in 2004 and 2010), and seed rain (from 2005-2015) in the Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment. In 2004, Kelley Sullivan and Aaron Ellison determined the distribution of seeds buried in the soil in the six hemlock and two hardwood stands, before canopy treatments were applied (data files hf105-01, hf105-02). In 2010, Elizabeth Farnsworth and Aaron Ellison examined the distribution of plant species present five years after the simulated hemlock removal experiment was performed and six years after the baseline, pre-treatment study of the seedbank (data files hf105-03, hf105-04, hf105-05). In the 2010 study, we hypothesized that the composition of the seed and seedling banks and seed rain would diverge among the two treatments and the controls, based on the differential impacts of harvesting versus adelgid attack on the standing vegetation. We further hypothesized that the older (deeper) strata of the seedbanks of the treatment plots would have been exhausted over time, thus yielding poor germination relative to the top strata that continually receive seed rain. Identical methods of characterizing the composition of the seedbank and the aboveground vegetation at seedbank core locations were applied in both 2004 and 2010. Additional comparisons were made with long-term data collected on overall plant species composition in the Simes plots (datasets HF 106, HF126), and with data on seed rain (data file hf105-05). This study provides a unique temporal documentation of changes in the seedbank, seed rain, and vegetation under conditions of a changing overstory.
Data from: Long-term effects of meadow management on seed bank diversity and composition
<p>Aims: Oligotrophic grasslands are habitats that host among the most diverse plant communities in Europe. Altering management regimes by either intensifying or ceasing management is known to decrease plant diversity. Yet, despite its importance for the recovery of plant communities after disturbances, little is known about whether seed banks are also affected by changes in management. Here, we investigate the effect of management practices on a meadow seed bank using a long-term manipulative experiment. We focus on the response of the seed bank to the treatments, and the relationship between the seed bank and the vegetation response.</p> <p>Methods: The study was conducted in a species-rich wet meadow. The experiment consists of a factorial combination of fertilization, mowing, and removal of the dominant species. After 20 years of management, the seed bank was sampled seasonally at two soil layer depths. Standing vegetation was recorded in June at the peak of vegetation.</p> <p>Results: All seed bank characteristics varied between soil layers. Mowing decreased seed density and diversity, while fertilization significantly affected the species composition. Dominant removal had no effect on the seed bank. While seed bank diversity was not correlated to vegetation diversity, individual species’ responses to mowing and fertilization were positively correlated in the seed bank and the vegetation.</p> <p>Conclusions: Our results show that long-term management influences the seed bank down to 10 cm of soil depth. Whereas mowing apparently reduced seed density and diversity, the effects of fertilization on these characteristics were harder to interpret. After 20 years, most species had concordant responses to both mowing and fertilization, indicating a low legacy of previous management regimes on the seed bank. Our study reveals that the intensification of grassland management has a profound effect on plant diversity by directly affecting plant communities and their seed bank-driven recovery potential.</p>
FRAME (FoRests Among Managed Ecosystems) – Plant community and seed bank composition in forests, Philadelphia metropolitan area, USA, 2017-2019
Our study objectives were to conduct a Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) removal experiment in three forest sites experiencing different invasion intensities and to restore native plant biodiversity while preventing secondary invasion. The study was conducted in and around Newark, DE, from 2017-2019, and data collection is complete. We utilized three management strategies: invasive plant removal, removal followed by native seed addition, and removal plus native seed and mulched invasive stem addition. We investigated the similarity between seed bank species composition and existing vegetation before and after removal to assess the potential for passive restoration. Two seasons after removal, we found that simply removing rose increased native species richness, Native Floristic Quality Assessment (FQAIN), and native shrub abundance in our medium invasion site, and total species richness in our low and medium invasion sites. Compared to removal alone, native seed addition, with and without mulch addition, resulted in larger native and total species richness and FQAIN increases at all sites, larger increases in native shrub abundance and exotic species richness in our medium invasion site, and larger reductions in exotic and total shrub abundance in our low and medium invasion sites. Following removal, species similarity between seed bank and vegetation improved for all three sites. Our results indicate that removal of Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) alone increased native plant biodiversity in the medium invasion scenario, but the seed bank may not provide a large native species pool. Additional management strategies lead to improved outcomes, especially in our most invaded forest, demonstrating the need to conduct multiple plant removal treatments across forests with varying site conditions and plant invasion intensity to improve management recommendations.
[DEPRECATED] Seed Bank in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2004-2015 (Reformatted to ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This L1 ecocomDP dataset is deprecated. It is deprecated because the format of the L0 dataset does not mesh well with the ecocomDP model. This data package is formatted according to the "ecocomDP", a data package design pattern for ecological community surveys, and data from studies of composition and biodiversity. For more information on the ecocomDP project see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP/tree/master, or contact EDI https://environmentaldatainitiative.org. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hfr&identifier=105&revision=22 The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Effects of Kangaroo Rat Mounds on Seed Banks of Grass and Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2001)
Disturbance is a major factor in determining the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of ecological systems. Many studies have been conducted concerning the plant assemblages around Dipodmys spectabilis mounds compared to the off mound area. These studies have shown that annual plant cover is higher on the kangaroo rat mound compared to off the mound. However, no studies have addressed the effects of these rodents disturbance on the soil seed bank. Soil seed banks are an important component of the plant community particularly in arid environments. Annual plants have been known to create viable seeds that remain dormant in the soil for many years making their seed bank a persistent one. A persistent seed bank allows for future recruitment of plants given favorable conditions that could have a dramatic impact on the overall species diversity of the community. We studied the seed bank of eight forb taxa to ask the following questions: 1) Are there more seeds in the seed bank around kangaroo rat mounds compared to other microhabitats? 2) Does the seed composition differ among the different microhabitats? 3) If the seed composition does differ, do specific physical components of microhabitats predict seed populations?
Figure 2 in Differences in the soil seed bank of a mining area and its surroundings: a case study inserted in the Cerrado domain
Figure 2. Curves of species accumulation for the seed bank of Vazante city, northwest of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A. Accumulation curve for the seed bank and confidence interval in a mining area and surrounding area separated; B. Accumulation curve for the seed bank, confidence interval and first-order Jackknife richness estimator in a mining area and surrounding area together.
Figure 3 in Differences in the soil seed bank of a mining area and its surroundings: a case study inserted in the Cerrado domain
Figure 3. Two-dimensional ordination diagram based on the nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) for species density of the seed bank from a mining pit and surrounding areas in Vazante municipality, northwest of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Large and non-spherical seeds are less likely to form a persistent soil seed bank
<p>There is some evidence that seed traits can affect the long-term persistence of seeds in the soil. However, findings on this topic have differed between systems. Here, we brought together a worldwide database of seed persistence data for 1474 species to test the generality of seed mass-shape-persistence relationships. We found a significant trend for low seed persistence to be associated with larger and less spherical seeds. However, the relationship varied across different clades, growth forms and species ecological preferences. Specifically, relationships of seed mass-shape-persistence were more pronounced in Poales than in other order clades. Herbaceous species that tend to be found in sites with low soil sand content and precipitation have stronger relationships between seed shape and persistence than in sites with higher soil sand content and precipitation. For the woody plants, the relationship between persistence and seed morphology was stronger in sites with high soil sand content and low precipitation than in sites with low soil sand content and higher precipitation. Improving ability to predict the soil seed bank formation process, including burial and persistence, could benefit the utilization of seed morphology-persistence relationships in management strategies for vegetation restoration and controlling species invasion across diverse vegetation types and environments.</p>
Figs. 1 A, B. A. Richness and B in Influence of the Edge Effect on A Soil Seed BAnk of A NAturAl FrAgment in the AtlAntic Forest
Figs. 1 A, B. A. Richness and B. abundance of the soil seed bank in relation to the edge from Mata Grande of the PEI.
Fig. 3 in Influence of the Edge Effect on A Soil Seed BAnk of A NAturAl FrAgment in the AtlAntic Forest
Fig. 3 NMDS of the composition of the soil seed bank differences in distances from the edge from Mata Grande of the PEI.
Figs. 2 A, B. A in Influence of the Edge Effect on A Soil Seed BAnk of A NAturAl FrAgment in the AtlAntic Forest
Figs. 2 A, B. A Linear regression of the richness and B. abundance of the soil seed bank in relation to the edge from Mata Grande of the PEI (y=Ax+B).
Fig. 2 in Soil seed bank pattern of Adesmia tristis Vogel from Campos de Cima da Serra ecosystem in southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Compilation of Adesmia tristis seedlings/m2 in plots with disorders (cuts) and preserved plots (undisturbed) from Pró-Mata, PUCRS, municipality of São Francisco de Paula, in 2009.
Exploring the potential of Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and chemometrics to discriminate soil seed bank of two timber species central African : Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan, and Erythrophleum ivorense A. Chev.
<p>The data of this study are accessible by sending a request to the corresponding author at the email address: douhch382@gmail.com. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908452" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908452</a></p>
Herbivory and nutrients shape grassland soil seed banks
<p>Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and shifts in herbivory can lead to dramatic changes in the composition and diversity of aboveground plant communities which, in turn, can alter cryptic biodiversity storage, seed banks, in the soil. We used data from seven Nutrient Network grassland sites on four continents, encompassing a range of climatic and environmental conditions, to test the joint effects of fertilization and aboveground mammalian herbivory on seed banks and on the similarity between aboveground plant communities and seed banks. Fertilization decreased plant species richness and diversity in seed banks, and homogenized composition between aboveground and seed bank communities. Fertilization increased seed bank abundance especially in the presence of herbivores, while this effect was smaller in the absence of herbivores. Our findings highlight that nutrient enrichment can weaken the temporal storage effect as a diversity maintaining mechanism and that herbivory needs to be considered when assessing nutrient enrichment effects on seed bank abundance. </p>
Multiple disturbances, multiple legacies: Fire, canopy gaps and deer jointly change the forest seed bank
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Large and non-spherical seeds are less likely to form a persistent soil seed bank
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Herbivory and nutrients shape grassland soil seed banks
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Distribution and Composition of the Seed Bank at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1990 to 2008)
Dataset Abstract The distribution and composition of the weed seed bank in treatments 1-7 of the LTER main site is periodically (every 3-6 years) evaluated using elutriation and seed counting methods. The goal is to determine: how well the seed bank predicts weed abundances and composition in subsequent years, and how changes in disturbance (tillage) and plant species (cropping systems) affect the bank. Composite soil samples to two depths are periodically elutriated to determine seed densities, species composition, and viabilities of seven target species which are dominant on the site. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/9
Effects of Herbivores on Seed Banks of Grass and Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2004)
Grazers and granivores have the potential to affect seed banks. Several studies have examined the impact of these herbivores on the aboveground vegetation, but few have looked at how they influence the seed bank. I asked whether both grazers and granivores alter the seed bank at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Long-term experimental plots were installed in 1996 to exclude grazers and granivores from a grassland and shrubland. Soil samples were collected from these plots and seeds were germinated in a greenhouse. The grassland had significantly more species in its seed bank than the shrubland. Also, the seed bank composition differed significantly between the two sites. However, the number of species in the seed bank did not vary among herbivore treatments nor did total seed numbers vary among treatments at the grassland. At the shrubland, in contrast, plots that excluded both herbivores had fewer total seeds than control plots and plots where only grazers were excluded. Therefore, although herbivores play some role in the shrubland, herbivores do not reduce seed numbers at either site. Thus, seed bank size is not controlled by the consumption of seeds from these herbivores, but by some other factor (e.g. disturbance or abiotic events).
Genetic variation in an ephemeral mudflat species: the role of the soil seed bank and dispersal in river and secondary anthropogenic habitats
<p>Many ephemeral mudflat species, which rely on a soil seed bank to build up the next generation, are endangered in their natural habitat due to the widespread regulation of rivers. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the soil seed bank and dispersal for the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations of near-natural river habitats and anthropogenic habitats created by traditional fish farming practices using <i>Cyperus fuscus</i> as a model. Using microsatellite markers, we found no difference in genetic diversity levels between soil seed bank and above-ground population and only moderate differentiation between the two fractions. One possible interpretation is the difference in short-term selection during germination under specific conditions (glasshouse versus field) resulting in an ecological filtering of genotypes out of the reservoir in the soil. River populations harboured significantly more genetic diversity than populations from the anthropogenic pond types. We suggest that altered levels and patterns of dispersal together with stronger selection pressures and historical bottlenecks in anthropogenic habitats are responsible for the observed reduction in genetic diversity. Dispersal is also supposed to largely prohibit genetic structure across Europe, although there is a gradient in private allelic richness from southern Europe and Anatolia (high values) to northern, especially north-western, Europe (low values), which probably relates to postglacial expansion out of southern and/or eastern refugia.</p>
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