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15 results for “seed consumption”
Fast-food consumption by adolescent girls may sow the seeds of breast cancer decades later
<p>An hypothesis of breast cancer development:</p> <p>•Breast development occurs largely during the years of puberty in adolescent girls</p> <p>•Environmental assaults during that vulnerable time window can seed changes that take decades to complete</p> <p>•Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are found in high concentrations in processed foods, especially fast-food</p> <p>•In mice, AGE produce pubertal breast changes in both epithelium and stroma, including atypical hyperplasia</p> <p>•The stromal changes in humans may be manifest as increased breast density as measured by mammography</p> <p>•These data provide a link between processed, fast-food, high breast density, and future breast cancer</p> <p>•Breast cancer prevention may include the avoidance of fast-food, especially in adolescent girls undergoing pubertal breast development</p>
Data from: When condition trumps location: seed consumption by fruit-eating birds removes pathogens and predator attractants
Seed ingestion by frugivorous vertebrates commonly benefits plants by moving seeds to locations with fewer predators and pathogens than under the parent. For plants with high local population densities, however, movement from the parent plant is unlikely to result in 'escape' from predators and pathogens. Changes to seed condition caused by gut passage may also provide benefits, yet are rarely evaluated as an alternative. Here, we use a common bird-dispersed chilli pepper (Capsicum chacoense) to conduct the first experimental comparison of escape-related benefits to condition-related benefits of animal-mediated seed dispersal. Within chilli populations, seeds dispersed far from parent plants gained no advantage from escape alone, but seed consumption by birds increased seed survival by 370% – regardless of dispersal distance – due to removal during gut passage of fungal pathogens and chemical attractants to granivores. These results call into question the pre-eminence of escape as the primary advantage of dispersal within populations and document two overlooked mechanisms by which frugivores can benefit fruiting plants.
Data from: Chemical tradeoffs in seed dispersal: Defensive metabolites in fruits deter consumption by mutualist bats
Although fleshy fruits function primarily to attract seed dispersers, many animal-dispersed fruits contain potentially toxic secondary metabolites. These metabolites can provide defense against seed predators and pathogens, but their effects on dispersers are still poorly understood. In some cases plants may experience a tradeoff, where the metabolites that provide fruit defense also reduce seed disperser preferences. In other cases the bioactivity of fruit secondary metabolites may be directed primarily at pests with no negative effects on seed-dispersing vertebrates. We tested the effects of amides, a group of nitrogen-based defensive compounds common in the plant genus Piper (Piperaceae), in interactions with the primary seed dispersers of Piper in the neotropics – fruit-feeding bats in the genus Carollia (Phyllostomidae). In a series of flight cage experiments, pure amides and amide-rich fruit extracts reduced the preferences of bats for Piper fruit, affecting both the bats' initial choices to remove Piper infructescences and the proportion of fruit consumed from individual infructescences once they were removed. However, the effects of amides varied considerably among three species of Carollia and among the specific individual amides and extracts tested. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that plants experience a tradeoff between seed dispersal and fruit defense, but the strength of this tradeoff and the overall fitness consequences may depend strongly on ecological context.
Consumption of red maple in anticipation of beech mast-seeding drives reproduction in Eastern chipmunks
1. Understanding the determinants of reproduction is a central question in evolutionary ecology. In pulsed resources environments, the reproduction and population dynamics of seed consumers is driven by pulsed production of seeds by trees, or mast-seeding. In Southern Québec, eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) exclusively reproduce during the summer before and the spring after a mast-seeding event of American beech. They thus seem to anticipate beech mast by reproducing during early summer, so that juveniles can emerge at the time of maximum beechnut abundance during late summer. 2. However, the cues allowing chipmunks to anticipate beech mast remain unknown, and the existence of the anticipation process itself has been questioned. To tackle those issues, we investigated the links between the nutritional ecology and reproduction of adult chipmunks and compared their spring diet in mast- vs post-mast years. 3. We monitored female's reproductive status (N=446), analyzed cheek pouch contents at capture (n=3761 captures), and recorded seed production by deciduous trees on three different sites in Mont-Sutton from 2006 to 2018. 4. Results revealed a systematic shift in chipmunk diet towards red maple seeds in springs preceding a beech mast, with red maple seeds composing more than 77% of chipmunk diet. However, red maple consumption was unrelated to red maple production, but was related to beech seed production in the upcoming fall. We also found that red maple consumption best predicted the proportion of females in summer estrus. 5. Our results confirm that chipmunks anticipate beech mast-seeding and suggest a key role of red maple consumption in that anticipation. Results also suggest that red maple seeds may contain nutrients or secondary-plant components essential to sustain or trigger the summer reproduction in chipmunks, which allow them to remain synchronized with pulsed productions of both red maple and beech and improve their fitness. 08-Jan-2020
Hemp Seed Protein and Bioactive Peptides Consumption for Hypertension
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03508895. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Chia Seeds Consumption in Hypertriglyceridemia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06020950. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: When condition trumps location: seed consumption by fruit-eating birds removes pathogens and predator attractants
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Data from: Chemical tradeoffs in seed dispersal: Defensive metabolites in fruits deter consumption by mutualist bats
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Data from: Parasitoid wasps indirectly suppress seed production by stimulating consumption rates of their seed-feeding hosts
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Consumption of red maple in anticipation of beech mast-seeding drives reproduction in Eastern chipmunks
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Seed consumption by small fish follows peak seed availability in a tropical dry forest river
<p>Seed consumption and dispersal by fish has been more extensively described in natural Neotropical large river systems of Amazonia, where ichthyochory follows a seasonal gradient associated with a floodpulse that creates long-lasting seasonally flood zones. It has been shown that it is relevant in maintaining the plant community structure of wetlands, but its effects on plant communities in seasonal dry forests are largely unknown. The Amacuzac hydrological system, which runs through one of the most extensive seasonal tropical dry forests of Central Mexico, shows a marked climatic seasonality, which in turn determines a transient increase in river flow and its potential to overflow, resulting in a drag effect on banks, and in the river carrying three times more seeds in the rainy than in the dry season. Another characteristic of the system is the coexistence of native and non-native fish species, due to the fact that the middle part of the river receives discharges from four tributaries that cross important urban, industrial, and agricultural districts as well as an extensive network of ornamental fish farms. Therefore, we hypothesize that rates of seed consumption by fish would correspondingly increase during rainy seasons, and that both native and non-native fish would consume seeds in similar proportions. We evaluated seed consumption by fish by (a) identifying and estimating the frequency and number of fish species whose stomachs contained seeds, and determining the percentage of each fishes' diet corresponding to seeds with respect to total food items, and (b) by evaluating if there were seasonal differences in the consumption of intact seeds by fish and between native vs. non-native species. We found two native species - <i>Astyanax aeneus</i> and <i>Notropis moralesi</i>, and two non-native species - <i>Aequidens rivulatus</i> and <i>Amatitlania nigrofasciata </i>containing seeds in their stomachs. The number of individuals with seeds was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, with a higher proportion of non-native fishes carrying seeds, but only in the rainy season. We found significant differences between the fish species in the proportion of seeds consumed. Fishes follow the peak of seed availability after a flood pulse released them from the soil seed banks. Thus, fishes consume fruits/seeds on a seasonal basis, however in this case it is explained by a different mechanism other than the timing of seed production by trees. As with hydrochory in tropical dry forests, seed consumption/dispersal by fish inhabiting rivers within this ecosystem has been overlooked in the ecology and conservation literature. This evidence is relevant for tropical dry forest ecosystem dynamics and management strategies in riparian corridors.</p> <p> </p>
Effect of Sunflower Seed Consumption on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07231367. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Seed consumption by small fish follows peak seed availability in a tropical dry forest river
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Effect of Weight Loss Diet and Pumpkin Seed Flour Consumption on Obese Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02086396. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Gene Expression Analysis of HUVEC Seeded rBEL Contructs at Low and High Phases of Glucose Consumption
GEO Series GSE139110. Homo sapiens. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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