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31 results for “seed set”
Pollinator visitation, flower count, and seed set in Black Sand plots, 2020.
Anthropogenic climate change is altering interactions among numerous species, including plants and pollinators. Plant-pollinator interactions, crucial for the persistence of most plant and many insect species, are threatened by climate change-driven phenological shifts. Phenological mismatches between plants and their pollinators may affect pollination services, and simulations indicated that these mismatches may reduce floral resources available to up to 50% of insect pollinator species. Although alpine plants rely heavily on vegetative reproduction, seedling recruitment and seed dispersal are likely to be important drivers of alpine community structure. Similarly, advanced flowering may expose plants to increased risk of frost damage and shifted soil moisture regimes; phenologically advanced plants will experience these environmental factors differently, which may alter their floral resource production. These effects may be dependent upon topography. Some species of alpine plants on the Niwot Ridge have displayed advanced phenology under treatments of advanced snowmelt (Forrester, 2021). However, little is understood about how these differences in distribution and phenology affect pollinator community composition and plant fecundity. Here we strive to examine how experimentally-induced changes in the timing of flowering and number of flowers produced by plants impact plant-pollinator interactions and seed set. We also ask how topography and the number of flowers interact with early snowmelt to affect pollination rates and the diversity of pollinating insects. Finally, we ask how seed set of Geum rossii is affected by pollinator visitation at different times of the season, under experimentally advanced snowmelt versus unmanipulated snowmelt, and with visitation by different insect taxa. In summer 2020, we found that plots with advanced phenology experienced peaks in pollinator visitation rates and pollinator diversity earlier than plots with unmanipulated snowmelt.
Proteomic data set of the analysis of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seed storability
<p>Proteomic data set containing protein identification parameters (ESI MS/MS) and GO annotation functional classification (UniProt and QuickGO). Identification parameters of differentially abundant proteins of black poplar (<em>Populus nigra</em> L.) seeds stored in different temperature (3, -3, -20 and -196°C) and time (12 and 24 months) conditions. Proteins were extracted and separated according to their isoelectric point (pI) and mass using 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins that varied in abundance for temperature and time of storage were identified by mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS). The mascot search algorithm (http://www.matrixscience.com) was used for protein identification against the NCBInr (http://www.ncbi.nig.gov) databases.Identified proteins were grouped due to biological process, molecular function and subcellular localization according to the gene ontology (GO) annotation using UniProt database and QuickGO search (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/).</p>
Text-fig. 13. Typical elements of the flora of Velikaya Kema (coll. Geol. Inst. RAS Moscow). 1 – Abies sp. 1, twig, × 0.7; 2 – Larix sp., seed cone, × 0.7; 3 – Calocedrus sp., twig, × 0.7; 4 – Picea sp., seed, × 0.8; 5 – Abies sp. 2, seed, × 0.7; 6 – Metasequoia occidentalis (NEWBERRY) CHANEY, leafy shoot, × 0.7; 7 – Ostrya sp., involucre, × 0.7; 8 – Carpinus sp. (ex gr. C. cordata BLUME), involucre, × 0.7; 9 – Carpinus sp. 2 (ex gr. C. tschonoskii MAXIMOVITCH), involucre, × 0.7; 10 – Ulmus sp., leaf, × 0.7; 11 – Acer miocaudatum HU et CHANEY, leaf, × 0.8; 12 – Engelhardia (Alfaropsis) koreanica OISHI, ×; 13 – Comptonia naumannii NATHORST, leaf, × 0.7; 14 – Craigia oregonensis (ARNOLD) KVAČEK, BŮžEK et MANCHESTER, capsule valve, × 0.6; 15 – Cercidiphyllum crenatum (UNGER) R. BROWN, leaf, × 0.7; 16 – Sassafras subtriloba (KONNO) TANAI, leaf, × 0.7; 17 – Dicotylophyllum sp., leaf, × 0.7; 18 – Quercus kodairae HUZIOKA, leaf, × 1; 19 – Carpinus subcordata NATHORST, leaf, × 0.7; 20 – Ailanthus sp., fruit, × 1; 21 – Diospyros miokeaki HU et CHANEY, leaf, × 0.5. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)
Text-fig. 13. Typical elements of the flora of Velikaya Kema (coll. Geol. Inst. RAS Moscow). 1 – Abies sp. 1, twig, × 0.7; 2 – Larix sp., seed cone, × 0.7; 3 – Calocedrus sp., twig, × 0.7; 4 – Picea sp., seed, × 0.8; 5 – Abies sp. 2, seed, × 0.7; 6 – Metasequoia occidentalis (NEWBERRY) CHANEY, leafy shoot, × 0.7; 7 – Ostrya sp., involucre, × 0.7; 8 – Carpinus sp. (ex gr. C. cordata BLUME), involucre, × 0.7; 9 – Carpinus sp. 2 (ex gr. C. tschonoskii MAXIMOVITCH), involucre, × 0.7; 10 – Ulmus sp., leaf, × 0.7; 11 – Acer miocaudatum HU et CHANEY, leaf, × 0.8; 12 – Engelhardia (Alfaropsis) koreanica OISHI, ×; 13 – Comptonia naumannii NATHORST, leaf, × 0.7; 14 – Craigia oregonensis (ARNOLD) KVAČEK, BŮžEK et MANCHESTER, capsule valve, × 0.6; 15 – Cercidiphyllum crenatum (UNGER) R. BROWN, leaf, × 0.7; 16 – Sassafras subtriloba (KONNO) TANAI, leaf, × 0.7; 17 – Dicotylophyllum sp., leaf, × 0.7; 18 – Quercus kodairae HUZIOKA, leaf, × 1; 19 – Carpinus subcordata NATHORST, leaf, × 0.7; 20 – Ailanthus sp., fruit, × 1; 21 – Diospyros miokeaki HU et CHANEY, leaf, × 0.5.
Reduced seed set under water deficit is driven mainly by reduced flower numbers and not by changes in flower visitations and pollination
<p><span>Water deficit can alter floral traits with cascading effects on flower-visitor interactions and plant fitness. </span><span>Water stress induction can </span><span>diminish </span><span>productivity, directly resulting in lower flower production and consequently seed set. Changes in floral traits, such as floral scent or reward amount, may in turn alter pollinator visitations and behavior and consequently can reduce pollination services resulting in lower reproduction output. </span><span>However, </span><span>the relative contribution of this indirect in comparison to the direct effects of changes in seed set are not fully understood.</span></p> <p><span>We manipulated water availability using rain-out shelters in a field experiment and measured effects on floral scent bouquet, morphology, phenology, flower-visitor interactions, pollination, and seed set</span><span>.</span><span> Plant individuals of </span><em><span>Sinapis</span> <span>arvensis</span></em><span> (</span><span>Brassicaceae)</span><span> were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: mean precipitation (= control), reduced mean precipitation, or drought period treatment.</span></p> <p><span>Our results show that decreasing water availability lowers the number of flowers and seed set. This indicates a direct link between water stress and seed set, as seed mass increases with increasing flower number. </span><span>The indirect link of water stress <em>via</em> floral traits, pollinator visits, and pollination has weaker effects on seed set. However, floral traits remain relatively stable under decreased water availability, whereas plant growth and flower abundance decrease, potentially in order to allow investment in more resources in fewer flowers to maintain pollination success. Thus, plants are able to compensate for water stress and can maintain floral trait expression, such as a stable scent emission and bouquet, to retain pollinator attraction.</span></p> <p><span>These findings indicate that the direct link from water stress to seed set has a stronger impact on plants' reproductive success than the indirect link through altered floral trait expression and pollinator visits in a generalist plant species.</span></p>
Reduced seed set under water deficit is driven mainly by reduced flower numbers and not by changes in flower visitations and pollination
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Distance-dependence seed set of Vasconcellea chilensis
<p><span>Plant reproductive failure is a critical concern for conserving rare and endangered species that typically have low-density and sparse populations. One important factor contributing to reproductive failure is the spatial arrangement of plants within a population, which can lead to isolation and negatively affect seed output, particularly in obligate outcrosses. Additionally, this effect can be compounded by plant size. Here, we investigate how plants' spatial distribution and size influence the reproductive success of <em>Vasconcellea chilensis</em>, a threatened papaya species from northern Chile. </span><span>Using flower exclusion experiments, we first examined whether <em>V. chilensis</em> can produce seeds via apomixis. We then used Spatial Point Pattern Analysis (SPPA) in three populations to examine the spatial arrangement of plants in three populations, and, finally, we assessed whether plant size and mate distance influence the reproductive success of this plant species. </span><span><em>V. chilensis</em> is a dioecious shrub unable to produce fruits through apomixis. The SPPA revealed significant clustering of female and male plants at different spatial scales, indicating a non-random distribution. Moreover, a significant attraction between the sexes suggested a preference for proximity. In two populations, closer proximity to male plants was linked to higher seed production. </span><span>Our study revealed that the absence of apomixis in <em>V. chilensis</em> makes it prone to experiencing distance-dependent reproductive failure. In particular, the seed set was compromised in female plants isolated from male neighbors. This link between isolation and seed production was especially significant in the driest site, and we discussed how environmental factors can exacerbate this effect.</span></p>
Data set associated to simulations performed within the manuscript "Endosperm turgor pressure both promotes and restricts seed growth and size".
<p>This dataset contains the following files</p> <ul> <li>2F4-Col0-iku2-Fig.3f and Supp. Fig.9 <ul> <li>Slices of seeds from 3 to 9 Days post-anthesis (DPA) stained with calcofluor (channel 1) and whose unesterified pectins are labelled with the 2F4 antibody (channel 2)</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> <li>3 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>JIM5-Col0-ap2-Fig. 4d and Supp Fig. 12b <ul> <li>Slices of seeds from 3 to 9 Days post-anthesis (DPA) stained with calcofluor (channel 1) and whose demethylesterified pectins are labelled with the JIM5 antibody (channel 2)</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and ap2-6</li> <li>2 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>JIM5-Col0-iku2-Fig. 3h and Supp Fig. 10 <ul> <li>Slices of seeds from 3 to 9 Days post-anthesis (DPA) stained with calcofluor (channel 1) and whose demethylesterified pectins are labelled with the JIM5 antibody (channel 2)</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> <li>3 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>LM19-Col0-ap2-Fig. 4b and Supp Fig. 12a <ul> <li>Slices of seeds from 3 to 9 Days post-anthesis (DPA) stained with calcofluor (channel 1) and whose demethylesterified pectins are labelled with the LM19 antibody (channel 2)</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and ap2-6</li> <li>2 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>LM19-Col0-iku2-Fig. 3d and Supp Fig. 8 <ul> <li>Slices of seeds from 3 to 9 Days post-anthesis (DPA) stained with calcofluor (channel 1) and whose demethylesterified pectins are labelled with the LM19 antibody (channel 2)</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> <li>3 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>pELA1-VENUS-Col0-iku2-Fig3c <ul> <li>Confocal stack of developing seeds expressing <em>pELA1::3X-VENUS-N7</em></li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> <li>1 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>pELA1-VENUS-Col0-iku2-Supp Fig. 6 <ul> <li>Confocal stack of developing seeds expressing <em>pELA1::3X-VENUS-N7</em></li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> <li>1 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>Seed-size-ap26-iku2-Fig.5e-Supp-Fig. 12c <ul> <li>Pictures of dry seeds</li> <li>4 genotypes: Col0, iku2, ap2-6 and iku2 ap2-6</li> <li>2 independent experiments</li> </ul> </li> <li>Wall-rupture-Col0-iku2-Fig3k <ul> <li>Confocal stack of developing seeds expressing <em>LTi6b-GFP </em>(First channel) and dyed with FM4-64 (second channel) imaged after a 40 µm indentation to break testa wall</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> <li>2 replicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Wall-rupture-Col0-iku2-Supp Fig. 11 <ul> <li>Confocal stack of developing seeds expressing <em>LTi6b-GFP </em>(First channel) and dyed with FM4-64 (second channel) imaged after a 30 µm or a 50µm indentation to break testa wall</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> <li>2 replicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>181211-Col0-iku2-Timelapse-Seed-Size <ul> <li>Pictures of developing seeds from 0 (ovules) days post-anthesis (DPA) to 10 DPA</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> </ul> </li> <li>190125-Col0-iku2-Timelapse-Seed-Size <ul> <li>Pictures of developing seeds from 0 (ovules) days post-anthesis (DPA) to 10 DPA (no 9DPA)</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and iku2</li> </ul> </li> <li>190523-Col0-ede13-Timelapse-Seed-Size <ul> <li>Pictures of developing seeds from 0 (ovules) days post-anthesis (DPA) to 9DPA</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and <em>ede1-3</em></li> </ul> </li> <li>200724-Col0-iku2-Timelapse-Seed-Size <ul> <li>Pictures of developing seeds from 0 (ovules) days post-anthesis (DPA) to 10DPA</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and <em>iku2</em></li> </ul> </li> <li>200921-Col0-iku2-Timelapse-Seed-Size <ul> <li>Pictures of developing seeds from 0 (ovules) days post-anthesis (DPA) to 10DPA</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and <em>iku2</em></li> </ul> </li> <li>201023-Col0-ede13-Timelapse-Seed-Size <ul> <li>Pictures of developing seeds from 0 (ovules) days post-anthesis (DPA) to 10DPA</li> <li>2 genotypes: Col0 and <em>ede1-3</em></li> </ul> </li> <li>210519-Col0-Timelapse-invitro-Sorbitol <ul> <li>Picture of developing WT seeds (Col-0) at 3, 6, 9 and 12DPA</li> <li>Fruits were grown <em>in planta </em>(uncut) or <em>in vitro</em> from 3DPA onwards</li> <li>Fruits growing <em>in vitro</em> were cultivated in ½ MS + 1% Sucrose + 0.1X PPM (Plant Preservative Medium) + 1X Gamborg Vitamins + 0 to 200mM Sorbitol</li> <li>Note that the file containing the pictures from this experiment was too large for Zenodo, the pictures were thus transformed into 8 bit black/white pictures, a 2x2 binning was applied, before a saving into tiff. The original pictures are available at: <a href="http://flower.ens-lyon.fr/">http://flower.ens-lyon.fr/</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>210709-Col0-Timelapse-invitro-Sorbitol <ul> <li>Picture of developing WT seeds (Col-0) at 3, 6, 9 and 12DPA</li> <li>Fruits were grown <em>in planta </em>(uncut) or <em>in vitro</em> from 3DPA onwards</li> <li>Fruits growing <em>in vitro</em> were cultivated in ½ MS + 1% Sucrose + 0.1X PPM (Plant Preservative Medium) + 1X Gamborg Vitamins + 0 to 200mM Sorbitol</li> <li>Note that the file containing the pictures from this experiment was too large for Zenodo, the pictures were thus transformed into 8 bit black/white pictures, a 2x2 binning was applied, before a saving into tiff. The original pictures are available at: <a href="http://flower.ens-lyon.fr/">http://flower.ens-lyon.fr/</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>data.zip file: <ul> <li>Measurements of seed growth tracking experiments performed on WT plants as well as iku2 and ede1-3 mutants.</li> <li>Measurements of endosperm pressure performed on WT plants and iku2 mutants.</li> <li>Simulation results from a parameter space exploration of the system of ODEs we studied within the scope of the work described in the manuscript.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Population and community-level rarity have opposing effects on pollinator visitation and seed set
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Effects of herbivory by a translocated butterfly on plant size and seed set of Lonicera involucrata
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Distance-dependence seed set of Vasconcellea chilensis
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Experimental test of the combined effects of water availability and flowering time on pollinator visitation and seed set
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How does timing of flowering affect competition for pollinators, flower visitation and seed set in an early spring grassland plant?
<p><span>Knowledge on how the timing of flowering is related to plant fitness and species interactions is crucial </span><span>to understand consequences of phenological shifts as they occur under climate change. Early flowering </span><span>plants may face advantages of low competition for pollinators and disadvantages of low pollinator </span><span>abundances and unfavourable weather conditions. However, it is unknown how this trade-off changes </span><span>over the season and how the timing affects reproductive success. On eight grasslands we recorded </span><span>intra-seasonal changes in pollinators, co-flowering plants, weather conditions, flower visitation </span><span>rates, floral longevity and seed set of </span><span>Pulsatilla vulgaris</span><span>. Although bee abundances and the number of </span><span>pollinator-suitable hours were low at the beginning of the season, early flowers of </span><span>P. vulgaris</span><span> received </span><span>higher flower visitation rates and estimated total number of bee visits than later flowers, which was </span><span>positively related to seed set. Flower visitation rates decreased over time and with increasing number of </span><span>co-flowering plants, which competed with </span><span>P. vulgaris</span><span> for pollinators. Low interspecific competition for </span><span>pollinators seems to be a major driver for early flowering dates. Thus, non-synchronous temporal shifts </span><span>of co-flowering plants as they may occur under climate warming can be expected to strongly affect </span><span>plant-pollinator interactions and the fitness of the involved plants.</span></p>
Data from: Pollen limitation and its influence on natural selection through seed set
Stronger pollen limitation should increase competition among plants, leading to stronger selection on traits important for pollen receipt. The few explicit tests of this hypothesis, however, have provided conflicting support. Using the arithmetic relationship between these two quantities, we show that increased pollen limitation will automatically result in stronger selection (all else equal) although other factors can alter selection independently of pollen limitation. We then test the hypothesis using two approaches. First, we analyze published studies containing information on both pollen limitation and selection. Second, we explore how natural selection measured in one Ontario population of Lobelia cardinalis over three years and two Michigan populations in one year relates to pollen limitation. For the Ontario population we also explore whether pollinator-mediated selection is related to pollen limitation. Consistent with the hypothesis, we find an overall positive relationship between selection strength and pollen limitation both among species and within L. cardinalis. Unexpectedly, this relationship holds even for vegetative traits among species, and was not found in L. cardinalis for pollinator-mediated selection on nearly all trait types.
Data from: Seed set variation in wild Clarkia populations: teasing apart the effects of seasonal resource depletion, pollen quality, and pollen quantity
In habitats where resource availability declines during the growing season, selection may favor early-flowering individuals. Under such ephemerally favorable conditions, late-blooming species (and individuals) may be particularly vulnerable to resource limitation of seed production. In California, a region prone to seasonal drought, members of the annual genus Clarkia are among the last to flower in the spring. We compared pollen limitation (PL) of seed set and outcrossing rates between early- and late-flowering individuals in two mixed-mating Clarkia taxa to detect whether flowering time is associated with changes in seed set due to resource depletion, PL, or increased selfing. In 2008–2010, we hand-pollinated one flower on a total of 1855 individual plants either Early (near the onset of flowering) or Late (near the end of flowering) in the flowering season and compared seed set to adjacent, open-pollinated flowers on the same stem. To assess the contribution of pollen quality to reproduction, we first (2008) used allozymes to estimate outcrossing rates of seeds produced by Early and Late open-pollinated flowers. Second (2009), we conducted an anther-removal experiment to estimate self-pollen deposition. Seed set in Clarkia unguiculata was not pollen-limited. Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana was pollen-limited in 2008 and 2010, but not 2009. PL did not differ between Early and Late treatments. In both taxa, seed set of Early flowers was greater than Late flowers, but not due to PL in the latter. Reproduction was generally pollinator-dependent. Most pollen deposition was xenogamous, and outcrossing rates were >0.7 – and similar between Early and Late periods. These results suggest that pollen receipt and pollen quality remain seasonally consistent. By contrast, the resources necessary to provision seeds decline, reducing the fitness benefits associated with resource allocation to ovules.
Data from: De novo and reference transcriptome assembly of transcripts expressed during flowering provide insight into seed setting in tetraploid red clover
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How does timing of flowering affect competition for pollinators, flower visitation and seed set in an early spring grassland plant?
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Data from: Is plant fitness proportional to seed set? An experiment and a spatial model
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Data from: Higher seed number compensates for lower fruit set in deceptive orchids
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Data from: The impact of individual inaccuracy of reciprocal herkogamy on legitimate pollen deposition and seed set in a distylous self-incompatible herb
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Data from: Pollen limitation and its influence on natural selection through seed set
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